Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha. A dawowar Crimea zuwa Rasha

Mazauna Crimean sashin a watan Maris 2014, kusan baki daya zabe a wata kuri'ar raba gardama don dawo da Crimea a kasar Rasha. Walƙiya yanke shawara riƙi ta Jihar Duma na Rasha da kuma shugaban kasar, sun ɓatar da yawa manazarta yi imani da cewa na musamman aiki aikin da aka shirya na dogon lokaci, da kuma 'yan wasan kwaikwayo san matsayin su daidai. Duk abin da ya, amma Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha, da kuma yanzu duk a jira na da sakamakon wannan gagarumar taron.

Dokokin kasa da kasa da kuma da nufin mutanen da Crimea

A zamani da dokokin kasa da kasa gyarawa biyu na saɓani Concepts: mutunci jihar da kuma da dama daga al'umman da kai-shiba. Domin "monogosudarstv" (watau, wadanda ƙasa da aka sanaki fãce al'umma guda), duk da sauki da kuma bayyana a fili. Amma a lokacin da ta je kabilu jihohi, da dokokin musanta juna. Kuma a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki, kamar yadda ka sani, kowa da kowa ne free fassara da haihuwa a kansu hanya. Saboda haka, a lokacin da Crimea ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha, da duniya al'umma outraged da kuma fara magana game da annexation na yankuna.

Siyasa masana kimiyya jayayya da cewa "da tarihi na Crimean" bambanta kadan daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru a Kosovo a shekarar 2008. NATO soja raka'a shiga Kosovo domin hana Serbs hana raba gardama. Duk wani takunkumi dokar ta MDD don gabatar ba sojoji. Aƙalla Sa'an nan ya yi Rasha, a lokacin da Crimean majalisar dokokin kasar ya aika da bukatar zuwa Jihar Duma na Rasha Federation. Iyakar abin da bambanci shi ne cewa ba wajibi ne don shigar da wani abu: a contingent na sojojin Rasha da aka sa a cikin Crimea ga fiye da daya da shekaru goma.

Crimeans - da al'umma, ko da "kira na zuciya"

Duk da haka, magana game da kai-da dalilin da al'ummai shi yiwuwa: akwai a cikin yanayi na "Crimean al'umma." A cewar ƙidaya yawan game da 60% a Rasha Crimean, 25% da kuma 10% Ukrainian Tatar. A gaskiya, kamar yadda a duk Ukraine shi yiwuwa a ce cewa wannan ko da ƙasa lugar da kabilanci Ukrainians ko kabilanci Rasha. Ba wai kawai cewa, mutanen da kansu su ne sosai irin wannan, don haka da zarar kuma ga dukan zamanai da kuma gauraye da 'yan qasar.

Kila mafi daidai a faɗi cewa krymchanin - yana da ba Rasha, Ukrainian ko Tatar, da kuma mutumin da suka fito a wani ban mamaki amma kalubale yanayi. A yanayi da sauyin yanayi na sashin wahayi zuwa gare bil'adama da kuma zaman lafiya, amma a lokaci guda quite matsananci teku, da kuma hadadden Gwargwadon wuri fushi nufin da ƙarfin hali da kuma nunaa juriya da girman kai.

Tallafi na Crimea zuwa Rasha da sabanin da kuma rigima kuma domin, a cewar kasashen duniya yi, da kasafi na ɓangare na jihar matsayin mai zaman kanta tattalin arziki mahaluži mai yiwuwa ne. Amma shigarwa a cikin sauran kasar - ba. Saboda haka, a saboda lokaci muka isa Abkhazia da kuma Ossetia, Transnistria da wannan Kosovo. Crimeans ne a fili ya bayyana shiga cikin Rasha Federation.

Tarihi na Crimea

A sashin ya zama Rasha a cikin XVIII karni, a lokacin da jihar ne domin kare maslahar su a cikin Black Sea da kuma a cikin shakka daga wani adadin yaki cemented su hakkin a cikin wannan yankin.

By umurnin Empress Catherine II na Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha da aka daidaita zuwa ga wasu "yan wasan kwaikwayo": da Tatars da wannan hakkin a matsayin wasu mutane ( 'yancin addini, harshe, al'ada, da dai sauransu). Haka kuma, jihar bai canja ba da na'urar. Amma bayan da tsaro na Sevastopol a lokacin Crimean War, wanda kuwa ya gangara a tarihi a matsayin na farko tsaro, da mazaunan da kuma kare birnin suka fara dauki siffar Rasha kishin kasa.

Duk da haka, da gaban da Black Sea jiragen ruwa ne sosai hana kasashen Turai, wanda ya kare 'yancinsu na da Balkan Larabawa da kuma a nahiyar Asiya. A cikin Crimean War of 1853-56. Rasha da aka ci kuma ga na gaba 20 shekaru da aka tilasta su bar yankin, soke Black Sea jiragen ruwa. Amma, duk da haka, da sabuwar kafa birni na Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha zauna. Sevastopol da sauran ƙauyuka an dauke Rasha ƙasa a kan Crimean khan.

Mai cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Crimea

A Tarayyar Soviet, da sashin ya samu wani sabon matsayi na cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Crimea. Rasha daga imperialist jihar aka canza kama zuwa wani Tarayya a cikin abin da wakilan kowanne al'umma suka yi jihãdi kiran kanta a jamhuriyar. Amma ba duk yankunan samu irin wannan matsayi. Mai kananan kasashe da kasashe a karshen juya a kira su da wani ɓangare na RSFSR.

Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha asali kira Taurida Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar. Crimean cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar cikin RSFSR bayyana a Fabrairu 1921. By cewa lokaci, kafa da kuma sauran tsohon Soviet jamhuriyoyin, ba ɓangare na Rasha.

Hakika, bayan juyin juya hali, da yawan da ya samu fiye da daya buga: da rashin sabo ruwa, amfanin gona kasawa 1920s, tare da ragi (a cikin zamani tarihin fi sani a matsayin Holodomor), da kin amincewa da Crimean Tatars Bolshevik ideas, da dai sauransu

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, da Crimean yawan jimre zama. A na biyu tsaro na Sevastopol har yanzu m farko, amma don kare sashin kasa sake.

The fitarwa na Crimean Tatars

A tsawon shekaru 1942-1944 Crimea aka shagaltar da ta Nazis, wanda, ta amfani da kafaffun hanya, kafa na biyu punitive hari daga gida yawan, yafi Tatars. Amfani da anti-Soviet farfaganda, da Nazis yaki "malcontents da kuma adawa" ya shiga cikin sahu na kare kai da kuma yaki da ƙungiyõyinsu a gabãninsu.

Yana da wadannan kare kai kungiyoyin "taimake" yanke shawara a kan fitarwa na wani dukan mutane daga ƙasa na Crimean sashin. Rasha ne manyan, da kuma Soviet gwamnati yanke shawarar kaura da Tartars a cikin kasar. Modern tarihin kira "azãba zargin cin amanar kasa," amma akwai wani version bisa ga abin da Jamusawa a lokacin da mãsu bãyar da bãya a shagaltar da yankuna bar dukan cibiyar sadarwa na jamiái. Don tsoma baki tare da tsare-tsaren na Nazis, da kuma yanke shawarar da ya kore Tatars daga Crimea, Finns, Dogayen sanda da kuma Jamus daga yankin yankunan, da dai sauransu.

A post-yaki rabo na Crimean

Map na Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha ya canja bayan yakin duniya na biyu: da cin gashin daina wanzuwa (a can yankin), mafi yawan ƙauyuka aka sake masa suna, da kuma jama'ar na Ukrainians da kuma Rasha a bayansa da daga mazaunan halakar da kuma kone kauyuka. Bisa kididdigar da, ta 1946 da shekara tara akwai game da 600 mutane dubu a cikin Crimea. Kafin yakin, wannan adadi ne mafi kusanta zuwa 1.1 miliyan. Magana game da kabilu na yawan ba dole. Idan kafin yaki, Ukrainians da kuma Rasha lissafta kusan 70% na mazaunan yankin, a cikin postwar lokaci, wannan adadi ne mafi kusanta zuwa 90%.

Jamhuriyar Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha dade har 1954, da shekara. A sa'an nan zuwa alama da 300th tunawa da sauyin da Ukraine da kuma Rasha cin gashin aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga administrative karkashi na Ukrainian SSR. Wane ne ya ce cewa Khrushchev ya Crimea.

Sevastopol - tushe na sojan ruwa

Amma Sevastopol, a 1948, shekarar da ya samu matsayi na rufaffiyar soja birnin Republican karkashi. Kuma har 1961, ya kuma zauna haka. Duk da haka, da sauya soja rukunan ba su yi la'akari da dabarun muhimmancin da Black Sea jiragen ruwa. City buɗe, da kuma matsayi na wani sansanin soja da ya harbi. Bayan da tallafi na gyara kundin tsarin mulki na Ukrainian SSR a 1978 ya koma Sevastopol "matsayi na musamman": ta Republican karkashi rubuta wani raba labarin.

Amma abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne ba da shi. Mafi muhimmanci mutanen da suke ilimi da kuma imbued tare da ruhun Rasha kishin kasa. Bayan duk wannan birni samu rubucen da kuma hambarar da na Black Sea jiragen ruwa, shi ne mai karfi na Rasha matuƙan kuma taba canza ta "kabila" tare da canji na iko a cikin Crimea sashin. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Rasha 2014. Sevastopol raba wuri ne da aka sake, birnin tarayya muhimmancin, batun na Rasha Federation.

Digging a cikin takardun da nazarin su a hankali, wasu masana tarihi da siyasa da masana kimiyya sun zo ga ƙarshe cewa, ƙa'ida, Sevastopol kuma bai fito daga ƙarƙashin mulkin Rasha. Gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da "transfer" Ukrainian biranen Crimea administratively biyaya ba Crimean mai cin gashin kanta ta Tsakiya, da kuma Rasha Federation (ta nagarta na musamman matsayi na barikin soji).

Rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma dawo da Crimean cin gashin

A farkon 90s, idan a wani taro a Belarus, an yanke shawarar zuwa durkushe da Tarayyar Soviet, wannan tambaya da yankin iko na sashin an tashe shi akai-akai. Babbar nasara ne ya rike wani raba gardama a cikin Crimea a shekarar 1990, wanda a cikin sa da cin gashin aka mayar da. Bayan shekaru biyu, da gida Majalisar Koli soma ta kundin tsarin mulkin kasar da kuma sake masa suna cikin Crimean cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar zuwa Jamhuriyar Crimea. Duk da haka, da Ukrainian Majalisar Koli na sunan da aka ba amince.

A Rasha majalisar ya akai-akai tada tambaya na haramun ce na canja wuri na Crimea zuwa Ukraine da kuma bukatar dawo da shi a cikin Rasha Federation. Duk da haka, a shekarar 1990, yarjejeniyar da aka sa hannu a kan rashi na yankin da'awar tsakanin CIS kasashe.

Ukrainian rikicin siyasa a shekarar 2014

Fara a 2013, da m yunkuri a Ukraine da aka sa ta dakatar da gwamnatin Shugaba Yanukovych na kasar Turai hadewa. M zanga-zangar na yawan girma a cikin aiki m ayyuka da gudanar da harkokin siyasa tsarin mulki.

All m events fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa zahiri walƙiya gudun: bayan da kau da shugaban kasar Yanukovych ta Majalisar Koli na Crimean cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar bai gane da canji na iko a Kiev, pro-Rasha Crimean sojojin tsananta, kuma tare da goyon bayan Rasha sun iya rike wani raba gardama a kan samu na sashin na Rasha Federation.

raba gardama

Don sa shi kawai, da wording na tafin kafa tambaya ne sallama ga jama'a tattaunawa, shi ne: "Kada ku gani Crimea a matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha?"

Gaggãwa yanke shawara da kuma akai-akai dakatarda da kwanan wata refenduma aka kira mai aiki ayyuka na sabon Kiev hukumomi. Asalinsu shirya farkon watan Mayu, da raba gardama "A dawowarsa wajen Rasha" da aka gudanar a ranar 16 ga watan Maris. A cewar ta sakamakon, Majalisar Koli na Crimea soma wani ƙuduri a kan 'yancin kai na sarki jihar - da Jamhuriyar Crimea.

A tsari na shiga cikin sashin

Bayan ayyana samun 'yancin kai, da Crimean gwamnatin ta bukaci Rasha Federation da wani tsari da cewa Jamhuriyar Crimea da kuma birnin Sevastopol a kan Rights Tarayya. Moscow ta yanke shawara ba dade a cikin zuwan. Musamman cewa shela da mulkin simplifying da shari'a tsarin Accession da yankuna na Rasha Federation. Gaskiyar cewa, bisa ga Rasha dokar, gwamnatin iya la'akari da shawarwarin da Accession na Rasha Federation kawai a kan m administrative raka'a.

Magana game da cewa, da kuma shugaban kasar na Rasha da kuma jihar Duma da Federation Council of Rasha "ba tare da tunanin" ya dauki Crimea shawara ba lallai ba ne. Jamhuriyar Crimea da kuma birnin Sevastopol: A cikin 'yan kwanaki duk yarjejeniya, da kuma Rasha Federation shiga ta biyu' yan wasan kwaikwayo da aka zaunar.

Hakika, da hadewa tsari ne hadaddun da dogon, musamman a yanayin saukan "m" Gwargwadon wuri. Amma da yanayi da kuma bege na yawan na Crimea santsi duk inconveniences da matsaloli bayyana.