Ta yaya kuma inda primary fitsari ne kafa: da sunadaran dake kiwon lafiya da kuma cuta

Shin ka taba mamakin abin da irin yin wani herculean aiki a jikin mu a kullum don tabbatar da cewa jiki ta metabolism? Ta yaya kuma inda ta samar da makarantun firamare da sakandare da fitsari, abin da suke da sunadaran da tsari na wadannan hadaddun matakai, abin da ya faru ga jiki a lokacin da su keta? Ka yi la'akari da wadannan tambayoyi a cikin wannan labarin a cikin mafi daki-daki.

gabatarwar

Metabolism - kadai tushen samar da makamashi da kuma gina jiki substrates ga duk masu rai, ciki har da mutane. Kuma babban m ne su jini. Duk da haka, a tsari na metabolism an kafa ba kawai dole a gare mu, amma kuma ba dole ba, maras so ko mai guba metabolites da za a sake mayar da a cikin muhalli. HanyõyinMu ga wannan 4: expiratory iska daga fata mugunya ta cikin hanjinsu, kuma kodan. A nan ne latest inji kuma mun duba a cikin mafi daki-daki, saboda shi rinjayar da babban ɓangare na dace metabolism a cikin jiki, sabili da haka ta arziki na dukan zama dole na gina jiki.

Mene ne darajar da kodan a cikin jiki?

Kodan, kamar yadda ka sani, OK - shi ke sa su guda biyu gaba, dake a cikin extraperitoneal lumbar yankin na wani mutum. Yana da wannan jiki ne ke da alhakin kasafi na duk gubobi da metabolites na kwayoyin da suke a cikin jini, kuma ba ya fada a cikin bile, kuma electrolyte balance. Bugu da kari, sun haduwa da wasu hormones kuma shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin tsarin gudãnar jini - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone tsarin, wanda shi ne saboda na musamman Kwayoyin a cikin juxtaglomerular afferent arterioles da na koda corpuscles ne sosai m ga wannan siga. A parenchyma wannan sashin jiki da aka hada da miliyoyin nephrons a capillary glomeruli wanda da samuwar na farko da fitsari a cikin tubules da - ta maida hankali kafin sakandare.

A wadda duk abin da yake tushen?

Wannan Multi-mataki tsari da kuma dogara ne a kan manufar da dan tudu, da cewa shi ne, bambanci tsakanin dabi'u. Kamar wancan ne, da matsa lamba dan tudu tsakanin afferent da efferent arterioles shirya adadin fitsari, ya kuma inganta darajar da zagawa da jini girma da kuma jini. A taro dan tudu da ions da permeability domin su tubular bango samar da wani electrolyte balance a cikin jiki. Saboda haka, koda - wani m sashin jiki, kazalika da kawai daidai amsar wannan tambaya: "Ta yaya kuma inda ta samar da makarantun firamare da fitsari?" Idan muka magana game da tsarin da nephron, sa'an nan shi a gano biyu main sassa: da na koda corpuscle (capillary glomerulus + m kwantena Bowman -Shumlyanskogo) da kuma tubules (sauko - proximal convoluted line, madauki na Henle, hawa - distal convoluted kuma mike). Ta yaya kuma inda primary fitsari an kafa a wannan hadadden tsarin? Quite kawai, idan ka duba.

Yaya ta yi aiki?

Saboda haka, duk matakai suna faruwa a cikin nephron Tsarin da m sunadaran. A gaskiya, da farko fitsari - shi ne wani ruwa samu ta hanyar tacewa daga cikin salon salula abubuwa na jini, da kuma da ta faru a koda corpuscles. Saboda gaskiya cewa diamita afferent arterioles nephron sau biyu diamita daga cikin efferent jini ne pumped karkashin babban matsin cikin kwantena na Bowman-Shymlanskaya, kuma a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wannan karfi shiga capillary glomerulus. A wannan cell abubuwa da kwayoyin kada ka wuce m shãmaki jirgin ruwa ganuwar, kuma haka za su fito daga cikin kwantena baya ta hanyar da efferent arteriole. Ga yadda da kuma inda primary fitsari ne kafa. Wannan tsari ne da maimaita tutur, kowane na biyu, saboda domin ya kula viability na mu gabobin da kyallen takarda na jini circulates ci gaba, wucewa kuma ta hanyar da kodan.

da dama more

Saboda haka, a cikin wannan rana jiki ya wuce ta kansa zuwa 1,700 lita na jini, wanda aka kafa daga farko fitsari (150-170 lita), Ina nufin 1 lita na goma kowannensu. Shi ya ishe ruwa dole ne a iya cirewa daga jiki, domin kowace rana da mutum jan game 2-3 lita na ruwa, game da rabin lita da wani ƙarin kafa a lokacin tafiyar matakai na rayuwa. Kuma kamar yadda na farko da fitsari samu ta hanyar sauki tacewa na jini ta hanyar membranes, shi ne kusan jini, amma ba tare da manyan kwayoyin. Amma sabanin da karshe hada farko fitsari kuma hada yawa ions da kuma glucose, kamar yadda suka iya shiga ta hanyar da jijiyoyin bugun gini bango. Bugu da ari, ta wucewa da shi ta hanyar wani tsarin na tubules auku reabsorption na ruwa, Wutan kuma, mafi muhimmanci, glucose. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa lokacin da shi detects a cikin bincike na fitsari da furotin da kuma sukari likita dole zargin wani pathological yanayin jiki.

cuta

Kodan da ake gittar da yawa dauke da kwayar cutar jamiái, nasu antibodies, kazalika da parasites. Saboda haka, wani karaya cuta ne glomerulonephritis, mai daukan hankali, da farko nephrons wanda ya kafa makarantun firamare fitsari. Bugu da ari, kumburi tsari fitowa to tubules da haka urinalysis kuma sami yawa da furotin da kuma Wutan.

Mafi na kowa abnormality ne pyelonephritis - wani kumburi da na koda kafafuwa tsarin na wani dauke da kwayar cutar yanayi, watau koda sassan cewa tuni daukawa fitsari a cikin ureter. Parenchyma yayin da wahala kawai dan kadan, don haka da furotin da ake samu a kananan yawa, amma kwayoyin da farin jini Kwayoyin - wani gagarumin. Bugu da kari, cikin daban-daban yanayi faruwa nephritis a tsari pathologies jiki (amyloidosis), cututtuka na cardio-jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin (atherosclerosis, hauhawar jini, thrombosis), da kuma na rayuwa cuta. Akwai ma nakasar malformations na urinary tsarin. Saboda haka, kodan ne musamman mai saukin kamuwa zuwa pathological canje-canje, da kuma saboda su gagarumar rawar jiki ne m, game da su kiwon lafiya, ya kamata kula da matasa.