Gishiri. ammonium bicarbonate

Mene ne gishiri?

A ajin na sinadaran mahadi da suka hada da karfe cation ko ammonium cation, guda biyu tare da anion na acid moiety yana da Generic sunan - gishiri. Sun kasu kashi al'ada (ko matsakaici), acidic, asali, biyu, hydrate (crystalline hydrate) hadaddun.

Ga al'ada (ko matsakaici) salts halin da cikakken maye hydrogen cations a acid kwayoyin a kan wani karfe ko ammonium cation, kamar sodium sulphate Na2SO4 ko alli carbonate CaCO3.

Idan acid kwayoyin na hydrogen cations partially sauya ta mai cation, irin acid salts ake kira, misali, ammonium bicarbonate NH4HCO3 ko sodium hydrogencarbonate NaHCO3.

Idan tushe kwayoyin da aka ba cikakken da kuma m canzawa daga hydroxyl kungiyoyin a kan acid m, da salts kafa suna kira na asali, misali, jan digidroksokarbonat (CuOH) 2CO3.

A cikin dabara ya ƙunshi biyu biyu salts na daban-daban cations, msl, aluminum da potassium a cikin potassium alum Kal (SO4) 2 • 12 H2O.

A cikin dabara, da gauraye gishiri ƙunshi biyu daban-daban anion, msl, Bleach CaCl (OCl).

A abun da ke ciki na hydrate salts hada da kwayoyin na crystallization ruwa, msl, jan sulfate (blue) CuSO4 • 5 H2O.

A kwayoyin kunshi hadadden salts ko hadaddun cation hadaddun anion, msl, chloride tetraammintsinka (II) [(Zn (NH3) 4)] Cl2.

Kamar yadda salts kafa sunayen?

biyu kalmomi ba a cikin sunayen salts. A farko - cikin sunan anion, wanda tsaye a nominative hali. Kalma ta biyu (a cikin genitive hali) da aka samu daga sunan cation. Ga misali: sodium sulphate Na2SO4, da baƙin ƙarfe sulfate (II) FeSO4, da baƙin ƙarfe sulfate (III) Fe2 (SO4) 3, alli carbonate CaCO3, jan chloride CuCl2. The title acid salts da sunan da aka rubuta anion prefix "hydro" ko da prefix "bi-", idan a cikin kwayoyin zauna daya unsubstituted hydrogen cation. Idan irin wannan hydrogen da ya rage biyu cations, sunan da aka rubuta da anion prefix "dihydro". Misalai hydrogencarbonate (ko bicarbonate) NaHCO3 bayani (wannan gishiri kuma aka sani da yin burodi soda), sodium dihydrogenphosphate NaH2PO4.

Ammonium bicarbonate. dabara

A dabara acidic carbonic acid gishiri NH4HCO3, cikinsa da ammonium cation kuma hada HCO3- anion kafa ta m canzawa a cikin kwayoyin na acid hydrogen cation ga gaskiya ma cajin ammonium ion. Wannan shi ne, a ba kwayoyin na acid gishiri qunshi wani cation na ammonium NH4 +, hade da daya anion ciwon ambata sunayen hydrogencarbonate HCO3-. A babban dabara na Hill tsarin da aka rubuta a matsayin: CH5NO3. A kwayoyin nauyi da kuma abu ne 79,06. e. m.

Properties

Ammonium bicarbonate ne inorganic fili a cikin bayyanar - shi colorless lu'ulu'u da rhombic raga. Yawa shi ne 1,586 g / cm3 (at 20 ° C). A tururi matsa lamba ƙaruwa daga 59 mm. Hg. Art. (At 25,4 ° C) zuwa 278 mm. Hg. Art. (At 45 ° C).

ammonium bicarbonate ba narkewa a cikin ethanol da acetone. Sosai narkewa a cikin ruwa: tare da kara yawan zafin jiki da solubility na acid gishiri ƙaruwa daga 11.9 g / 100 g (a 0 ° C) zuwa 36,6 g / 100 g (a 40 ° C).

Ammonium bicarbonate decomposes da CO2 saki riga at 20 ° C. A zazzabi na 36-70 ° C gishiri decomposes a mai ruwa-ruwa mafita. A sakamakon haka, ammonia da aka saki, samar da ruwa da kuma carbon dioxide: NH4HCO3 → NH3 ↑ + CO2 ↑ + H2O.

Saboda hydrolysis ne wani ruwa-ruwa bayani na wani weakly alkaline dauki. A lokacin da ƙara a mayar da hankali ammonia bayani ne kafa al'ada gishiri: NH4HCO3 + NH3 → (NH4) 2CO3.

A karkashin mataki na acid da kuma alkalis an halakãsu da acid gishiri dauki lissafai: NH4HCO3 + HCI → NH4Cl + H2O + CO2 ↑ ko NH4HCO3 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + NH3 • H2O + H2O.

Ammonium bicarbonate. liyafar

Kamar dukan hydrogencarbonates, acidic ammonium gishiri ne samu da dogon izinin carbon dioxide ta hanyar da sakandare ammonium gishiri bayani: (NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2 NH4HCO3.

Karkashin m zafi (30 ° C) matsakaici salts faruwa ta thermal bazuwar zuwa ammonia da kuma acid gishiri: (NH4) 2CO3 → 2 NH4HCO3 + NH3.

Idan ruwa rushe carbon dioxide da kuma ammonia shi ne kuma zai yiwu a samu wani acidic ammonium gishiri: NH3 + CO2 + H2O → NH4HCO3.

aikace-aikace

ammonium bicarbonate ne yadu amfani a cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci: taka rawar da sinadaran leavening wakili a samar da confectionery da burodi a kayayyakin. An sani cewa ga dagawa da sabo gwajin kuma an yi amfani da sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3. Amma da aikace-aikace ne kasa tasiri, saboda tightening ko ya'ya kneading har yin burodi take kaiwa zuwa wani karin m kau na kafa ta dauki tare da carbonic acid gas, da kuma a cikin wannan yanayin, da kullu so ba lush da sauki.

Ammonium bicarbonate da ake amfani da tanning da rini daga yadi yadudduka: wani tsari na cire unfixed fenti (ko stripper) ne cakuda da ammonium salts hada ammonium bicarbonate.

The abu a wajen noma, kamar yadda mai hana aifuwa na maza na feed (retard lalace, game da shi kara da aminci), kazalika da taki ga dankali, da kayan lambu da kuma forage. Ya yi amfani da kaddarorin to rage ko dakatar da matakai na nitrification na gona.

Ammonium bicarbonate aka yi amfani da uranium karafa, metallurgical masana'antu, kazalika a magani (a samar da bitamin). A kwayoyin kira ne albarkatun kasa domin samar da sunadarai, kamar ammonium salts.