Gangut teku yaƙi (1714): description, haddasawa, tarihi da kuma sakamakon

Daya daga cikin mafi ban mamaki aukuwa na Arewa War, a sakamakon wanda Rasha yanke ta hanyar da ya shahara "taga zuwa Turai", ya Gangut sojan ruwa yaƙi. Ya na farko nasara a kan undefeated Rasha Swedish jiragen ruwa. A tunawa da shi na] a wani biki - Rãnar soja daukakar Rasha, wanda aka yi bikin shekara a 9 ga watan Agusta, ranar tunawa da yaƙi.

The adawa tsakanin biyu iko fleets

By da spring of 1714, Rasha ya mallaki duka kudu na Finland, da kuma wani gagarumin wani ɓangare na da tsakiyar yankin. Amma wasu ƙasar nasarar bai isa ba. Don fita zuwa Baltic Sea da aka bukata nasara a kan Swedish jiragen ruwa, da yardar kaina sarrafa ruwanta. Yana da wannan kalubale da kuma aka tsĩrar da Bitrus I a gaban umurnin da Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki.

A watan Yuni, akwai bukatar karfafa sansanin sojojin tsaron kama sojojin Rasha Abu tashar jiragen ruwa, shi ne wani muhimmin dabarun abu. A saboda wannan dalili, to gaba na Gangut ya aka aiko da rundunar casa'in da tara kwale jiragen ruwa a karkashin umurnin F. M. Apraksina. Yana da aka hada da sittin da bakwai galleys da talatin da biyu scampaways (kananan tasoshin ga kai na dakarun). Swedes su yi tsammani da bayyanar da yankin na Rasha jiragen ruwa, da kuma sun koma sakonnin su duka jiragen ruwa, karkashin jagorancin mataimakin Admiral Gustav Vatrangom - gogaggen sojan ruwa kwamandan, suka yi karatu da tausasãwa na soja al'amura.

Gangut yaƙi - a duel na kwale da kuma sailing jiragen ruwa

Ya bambanta da Rasha kwale rundunar motoci a kan Yaren mutanen Sweden makamai da aka mafi yawa tafiya tasoshi, abin da ya halitta gagarumin amfanin, amma a lokaci guda ya zama mai dogara a kan yanayin yanayi. Daga cikin maƙiyi jirãge, su uku suna frigates, su goma sha biyar battleships, biyu bam-Galiota da tara manyan galleys. Saboda haka, a gefe na Swedes shi bayyananna preponderance sojoji da sanya F. M. Apraksina mãsu bãyar da bãya a Tverminnskuyu bay da kuma rike da shi a karkashin murfin daga cikin tsibiran domin kusan wata daya.

Bayan samun labarai na tarko, wanda buga da Rasha rundunar motoci, Peter na ruga zuwa ga taimakon. Ya kaiwa da rundujar soja masu dawaki zo daga Revel da 20 Yuli zo zuwa Hanko. Fata zuwa zama incognito, da sarki bõye real name karkashin pseudonym Petra Mihaylova. Ga, a fuskar na abokan gaba, sai ya nuna kansa a matsayin wani shahararren sojan ruwa kwamandan. Gangut sojan ruwa yaƙin ya da wani rabo na Rasha jiragen ruwa saboda harhada su ƙarfi da kuma ainihin shirin.

Dabara tafi da Bitrus I

Shan amfani da Gwargwadon fasali na sashin, Peter na gudanar da dabarun da outplay Swedish mataimakin-admiral. Ya qaddamar da shiri na narrowest na shi ne daura da tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda aka kulle flotilla Apraksin, da ake kira Perevoloki. Shi ne mai log dabe biyu kilomita a tsawon, yana tsawaita daga daya banki zuwa wani da damar da ja a kan shi katange tasoshin zuwa wancan gefe Larabawa Bay-Rilaks Fjord. A aiwatar da irin wannan shiri zai ba da damar da a saki na kawancen jiragen ruwa.

A kan samu na wannan bayanai da scouts, Gustav Vatrang nan da nan rarraba rundunarsa zuwa sassa biyu da kuma aika a cikin ruwan Rilaks Fjord Flotilla, umarta ta Rear Admiral N. Erensheld. Its aiki ya halakar da wuta na manyan bindigogi Rasha jiragen ruwa a lokacin ta fasakwauri a fadin Isthmus. Na biyu kungiyar na jiragen ruwa da mataimakin Admiral Lille, ya, bisa ga shirin kai farmaki cikin babban sojojin na Rasha. Wannan shawarar da aka quite ma'ana, amma duk da haka na dauke da kuskure, wanda ya zama m ga Swedish sojojin ruwa.

Nasara Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki

Wannan rabo daga cikin makiya da sojojin da kuma dauki amfani da Rasha sarki. A yanayin da rana - 6 Agusta - aka windless da kuma kwantar da hankula, kamar yadda ka sani, robs da sailing jiragen ruwa na babban abũbuwan amfãni - maneuverability. Saboda wannan kyauta na rabo rundujar soja masu dawaki na Rasha jiragen ruwa a karkashin umurnin MH Zmaevich fara karya da kuma kwale taso keya Swedish jiragen ruwa tsaye helplessly dangling daga filafili. Swedes iya kawai duba a kan bebe fushi elusive makiyin yawa nesa tsakanin su da kuma Rasha jiragen ruwa da iziznin amfani da bindigogi.

Bayan na farko fashe da wani biyu detachment, kunsha na 15 jiragen ruwa. Bayan ya yi wannan rawar daji, naúrar Zmaevicha taso keya cikin sashin da kuma ga cikakken mamaki na Swedes, kewaye motocin su, jiran ƙasar tsallaka Rasha flotilla. Next Vatrang fili panicked. Shi ne sosai rash tsallake detachment tarewa da flotilla Apraksin, shi ne har yanzu a Tverminnskoy bay. Game da shi, ya buɗe bakin teku waterway kuma ya ba da kotuna da damar da An katange ta haɗa da babban sojojin na kwale jiragen ruwa ya karya ta hanyar zuwa sahun gaba wajen rundunar motoci.

Kamar yadda yakin fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa Gangut

A tarihin sojan ruwa yaƙi za su ci gaba har abada a cikin tarihin da shaidarsa m dabara basira da kuma na sirri ƙarfin hali na Rasha matuƙan. Daga cikin takardun da wadanda shekarun da muka sani cewa rana da jiragen ruwa kasance wani ɓangare na tawagar Erenshelda da kuma harhada kusa da arewacin tekun na yankin, aka kai hari da sahun gaba wajen Rasha jiragen ruwa.

Yaren mutanen Sweden Vice Admiral gina su concave line, gefuna wanda sun kai tsibiran. Wannan ya ba su wasu abũbuwan amfãni ga yin amfani da manyan bindigogi da kuma taimaka yaqi kashe na farko da biyu harin. Amma da na uku da aka m zuwa gare su. An yi yaƙi da sãshinansu da haka bai ba da damar abokan hamayyarsu zuwa cikakken dauki amfani da su manyan bindigogi.

Last da takardar fama, ya zama wata nasara

A m harka: Gangut yaƙi a karkashin Bitrus 1 shi ne na karshe, sakamako ne na abin da aka gano a kwana fama. An sani cewa a ranar da Rasha sarki da kansa ya garzaya zuwa shigan jirgin, da kuma hawa sama da igiya a kan jirgin maƙiyi jirgin, an misali na ƙarfin hali da kuma heroism. Ba da da ewa duk makiya jiragen ruwa da aka kama, da kuma waɗanda membobin su crews, da suke m isa ya zauna da rai, aka dauka fursuna.

Gangut teku yaƙi (1714) ya ƙare tare da satar wa flagship na Swedish jirgin "Elephant". Bayan shi, Russia sun zama mafi kofuna goma jiragen ruwa kasance a karkashin umurnin Vice Admiral Erenshelda. Wasu daga cikin su jiragen ruwa har yanzu gudanar ya karya free kuma tserewa zuwa ga Aland Islands. A fursuna da aka dauka da kuma ya Erensheld. Ko da yake a wannan rana arziki juya da baya a kan tsohon teku kare, shi ba mired a kunya da kuma harbe har sau bakwai, ya ba da Rasha matuƙan, kawai succumbing da makawa.

Abubuwan da aiki a matsayin wani Rasha nasara

Modern bincike sun yi kira da babban dalilai, wanda akwai wani nasara tarihi Gangutskaya yaƙi. A takaice za su iya a labeled a matsayin dabara nuna da umurnin da Rasha rundunar motoci, a m dabara tunani, da barin yin amfani da abũbuwan amfãni daga hur kwale rundunar motoci kafin sailing - karin iko, amma kasa mobile, da kuma na sirri flotovodcheskie fice ingancin Sarkin sarakuna Petra Velikogo.

Har yanzu, masu bincike babu yarjejeniya a kan yawan kai hare-hare a Kanmu da Rasha matuƙan kan Swedish jiragen ruwa. A version gabatar sama dogara ne a kan shaidar da masana tarihi underdog, da kuma kiwata wasu shakka. Akwai dalilin yi imani da cewa harin da aka a gaskiya daya kawai, da kuma sauran biyu ne ƙiren ƙarya da Swedes, wanda ya so ko ta yaya, don tallafa wa mawuyacin halin sa'an nan da daraja na ta rundunar motoci da kuma nuna cewa nasara tana ga Rasha nauyi farashin.

Ma'ana lashe Gangut

Saboda haka, a wannan rana har yanzu kawai kunno Rasha Navy ya lashe farko da na sojan ruwa da yaƙi. Gangut Rasha tabbatar da kunno kai sabon m Maritime iko. Wannan ƙwarai kara ta girma a cikin sauran kasashen Turai da kuma yarda da su gudanar da tattaunawa kan daidai gabãtarwar da wadanada daga cikin manyan kasashe na duniya. Bugu da kari, ya lashe 1714 sojan ruwa yaki Gangut gagarumin tasiri a kan sauran shakka daga cikin Arewacin War.

Da wannan nasara, da Rasha ƙasa tsaro sun sami aiki yardar kaina a kan tekun na Gulf of Finland da kuma Gulf of Bothnia. Kuma ko da yake jimlar kashi na Sweden da bakwai fiye da shekaru, amma bayan yakin Poltava Gangut teku yaƙi - na farko babbar nasara teku - ya nuna wa duniya cikin irreversibility na aiwatar da zama kamar Rasha a trendsetter a siyasar duniya.

Kawasaki na nasara

A watan Satumba 1714 marinjãya koma zuwa St. Petersburg. Ga suka hadu da taro masu yawa na 'yan asalin m tafi a karkashin arches musamman gina da Arc de Triomphe. Ta aka lashe image na Rasha mikiya zaune astride wani giwa. Elephant - don haka fassara da sunan Swedish flagship "giwa." Kammala Misalin m rubutu: "Rasha mikiya ba kama kwari."

Domin Gangut sojan ruwa yaki Bitrus I aka bayar da lakabi na mataimakin-admiral, wanda aka yankewa, ba ta rawa wajen umurnin da jiragen ruwa da kuma ikon yin m yanke shawara a wani hadadden dabara halin da ake ciki. A awards aka bai da yawa da wasu mahalarta a cikin wannan yaki.

Nan da nan a kan ya dawo zuwa babban birnin na crews aka minted dubu matuƙan lambar yabo "Ga nasarar Gangut", amma, bisa ga Sahaban, ba su da girmama duk bambanta da kansu a wajen yaki, kuma a cikin shekaru biyu, wannan lambar da aka tripled. Special awards aka bayar ga jami'an. Rasha Ya girmama heroes, godiya ga wanda yaƙi ya lashe Gangut. Sea ikon ikon tare da dalili ya ko da yaushe aka dauke da wani muhimmanci bangaren da ta harkokin tsaro.

kama jiragen ruwa

Kama jiragen ruwa Swedes aka dauka a St. Petersburg. Su da aka sanya don jama'a Viewing tare Kronverkskaya ducts arewa raba Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja a kan wani ɓangare na tudu, inda harbi Museum a yau. Daga cikin su shi ne shahararren flagship "Elephant".

Peter Na yi matukar alfahari da shi a matsayin tunawa da ɗaukaka da nasara, da kuma umurni da kada su yi amfani a nan gaba domin ayyukan soji, da kuma, gyara, samun zuwa bakin tekun da kuma sa na shi a irin tunawa. Mun yi haka. Da zarar karaya jirgin ruwa na soja tsaya a gaɓar har 1737, tukuna gaba daya rududdugaggu, aka ba dismantled ga itace.

The coci - mai tunawa ga tuƙi na Fame

Gangut sojan ruwa yaki sanadiyar rayukan da yawa Rasha, amma na fi Swedish matuƙan. Daga cikin su, 361 mutane da aka jera a matsayin matattu da 350 suka ji rauni. Daga cikin Rasha matuƙan jarumi mutuwar 124, an kashe mutane da 342 suka samu rauni. A girmamawa ga nasara lashe a kan rana a lokacin da Orthodox Church murna da memory na St. Panteleimon, da coci da aka gina a St. Petersburg. A ta facade ƙarfafa commemorative marmara plaque, wanda ya furta ƙasa da tẽku, sadarwa, da suka halarci a cikin yaƙi.

Church a lokacin 1735-1739 gg. Shi ne ya gina a karkashin shiryarwar sanannun Rasha m I. K. Korobova kuma ya kai mu a cikin sabunta form. Mutane da yawa sun saba da wannan gini, located in tsakiyar birnin a kusurwar titi Pestel da Salt Lane. Saboda haka shi aka immortalized da wani abin tunawa daga gine Gangut yaƙi - na farko Rasha sojan ruwa nasara.

Sea fadace-fadace don Grengam da tsaro Hankey

A wannan coci ne wani abin tunawa daga wata mai daraja da nasarar da Rasha jiragen ruwa, ya lashe zaben da a 1720 a wani yaki da Swedish jirgi tsibirin Grengam. Gangut halarta da heroism na Russia da kuma a lokacin Great Patriotic War. By lokacin ya zo da za a kira da Hanko sashin. Har abada shigar da tarihin tsaron, wanda ya fara a farkon kwanaki bayan da Jamus hari a kan kasar da kuma dade 164 kwanaki. Game da su kama a plaque located a gaban coci na St. Panteleimon, a gefen da titi Pestel.