Fuskanci Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford - musamman, sosai talented da kuma sosai sabon abu masanin kimiyya. Ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi muhimmanci binciken da aka yi da shi bayan ya karbi Nobel Prize. A 1911, wannan mutumin ya da wani rabo abubuwan da Rutherford (haka aka mai suna baya), wanda a yarda a duba a cikin zarra da kuma samun wasu ra'ayin yadda yake aiki.

Wurare da dama a gwaje-gwajen da aka gudanar tare da kwayoyin halitta a baya. Su main ra'ayin shi ne cewa a kusurwoyi mabambanta daga deflection na barbashi tara isasshen bayani a kan wanda akwai wata damar ce wani abu na musamman game da tsarin da zarra. A farkon karni na 20th, masana kimiyya da aka gamsu da cewa shi ya ƙunshi cikin kanta electrons ana barnatar da caji. Duk da haka, mafi yadu amfani a lokacin da za a samu wani ra'ayin cewa zarra ne kamar bakin ciki gaskiya ma cajin layin wutar wanda aka cika da electrons da wani mummunan cajin. Wannan tsari ne da ake kira "raga tare da zabibi."

Rutherford ya na musamman da kwarewa. Kimiyya gun gina wanda ya ba da wani mayar da hankali da kuma directed katako na barbashi. Ta duba kamar leaden akwatin, wanda ya kunkuntar tsaguwa. Tu da shi da aka sanya rediyoaktif abu. Alpha gaɓũɓuwa, wanda ake jefarwa da wani rediyoaktif abu a cikin duk yankuna, fãce wanda, an tunawa da wani allo na darma, da kuma kawai ta hanyar da Ramin ya tashi musamman directed barbashi masaƙa. A kan hanyar nan ta buga a 'yan fuska gubar da ramummuka cewa ta kulla da barbashi karkacewa daga shiriya. A sakamakon irin abubuwan Rutherford ya tashi har zuwa ga manufa mayar da hankali barbashi katako, manufa shi ne a kanta wakilta wani sosai bakin ciki karfe tsare. Yana da hit na alpha-ray.

Bayan alpha barbashi yi karo da kwayoyin halitta na tsare, suka ci gaba a kan hanyar, kuma ƙarshe sami kansu a kan phosphor allo da aka shigar a baya da manufa. Lokacin da barbashi buga allon, da flash rubuta a kanta, a kan wanda wani experimenter iya yin hukunci da yadda kuma a cikin abin da yawa na alpha-barbashi an deflected daga mike shugabanci na motsi saboda karo da kwayoyin halitta na zinariya tsare.

Rutherford ya haka asali saboda gaskiyar cewa babu wanda kafin shi ba kokarin duba, ko wasu barbashi an deflected a manyan kusassari. A tsohon model na Grid ba da damar ko da wanzuwar haka nauyi da kuma m abubuwa a zarra, don haka ba za su iya kãfirta da sauri alpha barbashi a isasshe manyan kwana.

Rutherford ta kwarewa kai ga ƙarasawa da cewa mafi yawan taro da aka mayar da hankali a sosai m al'amarin, wanda aka located a cikin zuciya na zarra. Sauran tsãgi ya kasance a gaskiya da yawa kasa m fiye da shi da jũna a baya. Rutherford zarra dauke hyperdense cibiyar, wanda aka kira da tsakiya, wanda, a hanya, tabbatacce cajin da aka mayar da hankali.

A hoto na zarra, ya kusantar da wani masanin kimiyya, muna yanzu riga da aka sani. Rutherford ya model ta'allaka ne da cewa cibiyar aka located in da tsakiya da kyau cajin, wanda aka mayar da hankali dukan taro na zarra. A general, da tsaka tsaki zarra. Saboda haka, yawan electrons ciki, kazalika da makaman nukiliya cajin, daidai da adadin kashi a cikin lokaci-lokaci tsarin. A fili yake cewa electrons ba zai iya hutawa a cikin zarra, kamar yadda za su kawai fada a cikin tsakiya. Su matsar kusa game da wannan a matsayin taurari akwai doguwar a kusa da rana haske.

Wannan hali na motsi ayyana mataki na Coulomb sojojin daga tsakiya. Kwayoyin halitta ne barga a unexcited jihar, za su iya tsira na dogon adadin lokaci, ba tare da emitting wani electromagnetic taguwar ruwa. Amma da planetary model na zarra, ko shi ya tabbatar gwaje, ba zai iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa shi ne barga.