Filaybdenum da dama masu yawa: idan ya dace, kaddarorin, tasirin rayuwa a jikin mutum

Chemistry shine tushen rayuwarmu. Duk abubuwan gida suna kunshe da mahadi na abubuwa na layin lokaci. Kowace minti akwai canje-canje masu rikitarwa a cikin jikin mutum, inda sinadaran sun shiga. Wannan labarin zai gaya muku game da irin wannan ƙwayar kamar molybdenum: inda ake amfani da ita, dukiyarsa da rawar jiki a jikin mutum.

Dubi tarihi

Ma'adanai da suke da molybdenum a cikin abin da suke ciki sun san ko da a Ancient Girka. Wadannan mahallin halitta suna da tsarin kama da graphite. Saboda haka, sau da yawa ana amfani tare da shi don ƙirƙirar slates. MoS₂ na Molybdenite yana da greyish-kore ya dafa lokacin rubuta a takarda. Ga halayyar halayyar da aka ba shi suna molybdaena - "kamar gubar."

Karl Wilhelm Scheele ya gudanar da bincike wanda ya taimaka wajen hada da MoO тре trioxide, amma saboda rashin wutar lantarki, bai iya rarraba karfe a cikin tsabta ba. Jönns Jakob Berzelius ya yi nasarar samun molybdenum a 1817 ta hanyar rage oxide ba tare da kwalba ba, amma tare da hydrogen. An kirkiro matakan haɓakar sunadaran da aka gano a cikin ayyukan masana kimiyya.

Kayan jiki

Mene ne molybdenum? Yana da ƙwayar launin toka mai haske, wanda a cikin tsari mai tsabta yana da tsayayya ga daidaitaccen abu (a karkashin yanayi na al'ada). Tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 400-600 digiri, wannan ƙarfin ya rage, kuma MoO рере trioxide an kafa.

Molybdenum shine filastik da kuma kayan aiki, an sauƙaƙe shi cikin hatimi. Metal Yawa 10.2 g / ^cm3, narkewa batu 2620 ⁰S tafasasshen - 4800 ⁰S. Daga waɗannan alamomi ya bayyana a sarari cewa yana da kariya. Kasancewar carbon, nitrogen ko sulfur impurities rinjayar da kayan jiki, musamman, abu ya zama brittle da brittle. Molybdenum alamace ce. Kamar yadda yawan zafin jiki ya ƙaru, ƙarfinsa yana ƙaruwa sosai.

Halitta na halitta na molybdenum, samarwa

Ya kamata mutum ya san cewa molybdenum ba ya faruwa a cikin tsabta, ba a cikin yanayi kawai a cikin mahadi tare da wasu abubuwa. Exemplary karfe abun ciki a cikin ɓawon burodi 3 ∙ 10 ^-4%. Akwai kimanin abubuwa 15 da suka hada da su:

• disulfide MoS ₂ - molybdenite.
• CaMoO ₄ - powellite.
• PbMoO ₄ - wulfenite.

Babban adadin wadannan mahadi suna da alaka da tsarin tafiyarwa a hanyoyin samar da hydrothermal.

Don dalilai na masana'antu, an kawar da disulfide na kashi na molybdenum. Amfani da shi don samar da karfe mai mahimmanci yana da matukar muhimmanci. Wannan yana faruwa tare da taimakon m dressing ta flotation. Wannan shi ne yadda aka samo hankalin, abin da aka sare baya.

2MoS ₂ + 7O ₂ = 2MoO ₃ + 4SO ₂

Ana tsarkake wankewar oxyide kuma ragewa ta hanyar hydrogen mai bushe a halin yanzu yana da digiri na digiri 700. Samfur na dauki shine molybdenum foda. A nan gaba, za'a iya amfani dasu a cikin tsabta ko kuma abu don ƙirƙirar samfurori da samfurori da aka ƙaddara.

Yi na ƙananan ƙera

Black metallurgy yana amfani da foda na molybdenum abu. A ina ake amfani? Don haɓaka ƙafa da simintin gyaran kafa. Ƙara wannan ɓangaren zuwa abun da ke ciki na allo ya inganta ingantaccen ingancin su. Ƙara haɓakawa, juriya ga lalacewa, juriya ga girgiza. A cikin kararrayin tsari ƙara game da 0.5% molybdenum, daga wannan tsarin su ya zama cikakke kuma sunyi kama da juna, rage lalacewar samfurori na ƙarshe.

Bugu da žari na wasu abubuwa ya sa ya yiwu a sami samfurori na musamman da aka yi amfani dashi a wasu masana'antu. Alloys, wanda ya hada da cobalt da nickel (50-60%), da kuma chromium (kimanin 20-28%) an cire ta ta ƙara molybdenum. Ina ake amfani da wannan abu? Amsar ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kaddarorin ta musamman - ƙarfin zafi mai zafi. An yi amfani dashi wajen yin sassa don saka jirgin sama da roka.

Aiwatar da allo da molybdenum

Lokacin daɗa niobium, titanium da sauran superalloys zuwa molybdenum, ƙarfin zafi na allo zai kara. Irin wannan abun da za a iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar bayanai game da turbines na gas da kuma dakunan konewa a aikin injiniya.

A cikin allo da babban abun ciki na molybdenum (17-28%), ƙarfin lalacewa ya ƙaruwa. Ba su ji tsoron ko da haɗuwa da duk wani acid (sai dai hydrofluoric acid).

Kasuwancin da aka yi na molybdenum da aikace-aikacensa wajen ƙirƙirar kamfanoni na musamman suna da muhimmancin gaske a aikin injiniya na nukiliya. Irin waɗannan samfurori suna iya tsayayya da tasirin lithium mai ƙera. Yana aiki a matsayin mai sanyaya a cikin uranium reactors. Bugu da ƙari, molybdenum kanta a cikin nau'i na wani isotope Mo-99 an yi amfani dashi a matsayin alama a masana'antun nukiliya.

Saboda kyawawan kaddarorin molybdenum, ana yin gyare-gyaren kayan gyare-gyare da aka yi da jan karfe, aluminum da zinc daga ciki. Babban ƙarfin karfe yana sa ya yiwu don aiwatar da matakai a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.

Gyara da takaddama, aikace-aikace

Daga blanks, samu a lokacin narkewa na foda, samar da samfurori - zane da waya. Sun ƙunshi wani tsabta mai ƙaƙƙarfan da ake kira molybdenum. Ina ake amfani da wannan samfurin? Mafi sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a cikin samar da thermocouples, wanda ke auna yanayin zafi fiye da 2000 ⁰C. Ƙira da kuma murjani don yin tungsten filament a cikin wani incandescent fitila kuma Ya sanya daga molybdenum waya. Sa na cathodes da mayar da hankali da wayoyin a X-ray shambura da kuma samar da shambura dole ne abin dogara da kuma saduwa da bukatun na high tsaurin karfe. Ga waɗannan dalilai, juyawa na molybdenum yana da kyau.

Ana amfani da igiyoyi da faranti maimakon lantarki a cikin ƙananan zafin fuska. Ya kamata su kasance a cikin matsakaici na musamman wanda ke kunshe da argon, hydrogen ko masara. Saboda gaskiyar cewa molybdenum bata shiga halayen hade da gilashi ba, an yi amfani dashi don yin sassan wuta.

Aikace-aikace a wasu masana'antu

Molybdenum ya sami aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antun mai. A nan an yi amfani da shi azaman mai haɗaka wanda zai iya tsarkakewa daga samfurori daga sulfur. Dangane da disulfide na aluminum, ana yin furanni. Suna gyaran aiki na na'urori daban-daban kuma suna kare saman daga sakamakon injiniya a yanayin zafi. Yana da irin wannan lubrication da anti-corrosion Properties.

A wajen yin kayan aikin zane, inda aka yi amfani da molybdenum da oxides, ana samun alamun launuka na launin yellow-orange. Kiran fibers na wucin gadi kuma ba ya wuce ba tare da wannan abu ba. Don ƙara yawan abun ciki na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, ana amfani da microfertilizers dauke da molybdenum.

Matsayin molybdenum a jikin

Molybdenum tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a jikin mutum. Yana shiga cikin kira na haemoglobin, nitrogenous da purine metabolism. Dalili na assimilation na baƙin ƙarfe da kuma bitamin C, shi ne mai iko antioxidant. Tsarin magungunan yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci, sakamako mai mahimmanci.

Abubuwa masu arziki a molybdenum su ne legumes da hatsi, kayan lambu. Dole ne adadin kwayar halitta ta shiga jikinka kowace rana, idan kun ci abinci daidai. Ya kasawa za a iya cika ta amfani da ɗakunan ma'adinai.