Fats: tsarin, ayyuka, Properties, kafofin ga jiki

Babban aka gyara daga duk rayayyun tantani - sunadarai, fats da kuma carbohydrates. A tsarin, aiki da kaddarorin wadannan mahadi samar da muhimmanci ayyuka na kwayoyin da suke zaune a wannan duniyar ta mu.

Fats ne na halitta gudanar da mahadi , cikakken esters na glycerine da m acid tare da wani tushe. Sun kasance a cikin rukuni na lipids. Wadannan mahadi da dama da muhimmanci ayyuka na jiki da kuma shi ne mai ba makawa bangaren a cikin mutum rage cin abinci.

rarrabuwa

Fats, tsarin da kaddarorin wadda ba ka damar amfani da su bã su abinci, zuwa kashi dabba da kayan lambu a cikin yanayi. A karshen ne ya kira mai. Saboda da babban abun ciki na unsaturated m acid ne a cikin wani ruwa jihar. Togiya - dabino da man fetur.

By gaban wasu acid, lipids rabu a kan cikakken (stearic acid, palmitic acid) ko unsaturated (oleic acid, arachidonic, linoleic, palmitoleic, linoleic).

tsarin

A tsarin da mai shi ne wani hadadden triglycerides da lipoid abubuwa. A karshen ne phospholipid mahadi, kuma sterols. Triglyceride - ester fili na glycerin da m acid tsarin da kuma halaye, wanda ake ƙaddara da kaddarorin kitse.

A tsarin da kitsen kwayoyin a cikin general nau'i da aka nuna da dabara:

CH2-OˉCO-R '

I

Cho-CO-R ''

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CH2-OˉCO-R '' ',

A wadda R - m acid m.

A abun da ke ciki da kuma tsarin da kitsen a cikin tsarin da uku unbranched m tare da wani ko da yawan carbon atoms. Cikakken m acid sukan gabatar stearic da palmitic, unsaturated - linoleic, linolenic da oleic.

Properties

Fats, tsarin da kaddarorin wadda aka ƙaddara da gaban cikakken kuma unsaturated m acid, da jiki da kuma sinadaran halaye. Ba su amsa tare da ruwa, amma gaba daya bazu a cikin kwayoyin kaushi. Saponified (hydrolyzed) idan an steamed, a ma'adinai acid ko Alkali. A lokacin wannan dauki samar m acid ko su salts da glycerol. A emulsion da aka kafa bayan ƙwazo stirring da ruwa, misali na wannan madara.

Fats ne kamar daidaita da makamashi darajar 9.1 kcal / g ko 38 J / g. Idan muka fassara wadannan dabi'u a cikin jiki Manuniya, da makamashi sake a wani kudi na 1 g na kitse, zai zama isa tada 1 mita kaya yin la'akari 3900 kg.

Fats da su kwayoyin tsarin kayyade su na asali Properties, suna da wani babban ikon amfani, a lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da carbohydrates ko sunadarai. Complete hadawan abu da iskar shaka na 1 g na mai saki na ruwa da kuma carbon dioxide bi ta sau biyu, da samar da makamashi fitarwa na konewa sugars. Domin lipolysis ake bukata wani adadin carbohydrates da oxygen.

A cikin mutane da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa fats - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci makamashi kaya. Domin a iya tunawa a cikin hanji, shi ne zama dole emulsification ta wajen wani bile acid salts.

ayyuka

A dabbobi masu shayarwa fats taka muhimmiyar rawa, tsarin da aiki na wadannan mahadi a cikin gabobin da kuma tsarin da daban-daban ma'ana:

1. makamashi wadata. Wannan aiki - da babban ga kitse. Saboda da high makamashi da abun ciki, su ne mafi kyau maroki "man fetur". Hannun jari ne saboda shaida a cikin nau'i na adibas.
2. Kariya. Adipose nama envelop jikin da haka ba su yarda da rauni da kuma girgizawa, laushi da kuma sha waje tasirin.
3. Thermal rufi. Fats da low thermal watsin da kuma, sabili da haka, ci gaba da dumi na jiki da kuma kare shi daga hypothermia.

Bugu da kari ga wadannan uku na asali ayyuka, fats yi da dama masu zaman kansu. Wadannan mahadi kula da harshen damo na sel, misali, samar da elasticity da lafiya fata, inganta kwakwalwa aiki. Membranous Kwayoyin kuma subcellular wasu gabbansa riƙe su da tsari da kuma aiki godiya ga hannu na fats. Bitamin A, D, E, da K za a iya samu ne kawai a gabansu. Girma, ci gaba da kuma haihuwa aiki ne ma fi mayar dogara a kan gaban mai.

A jikin ta bukatar

Aƙalla daya bisa uku na jiki na makamashin halin kaka sa up fats, wanda tsarin damar warware wannan matsalar idan muka tsara rage cin abinci. Lissafi na kullum da ake bukata daukan la'akari da irin aiki, kuma shekaru na mutum. Saboda haka, mafi m wajibi ne ga matasa da suka kai aiki lifestyles, kamar 'yan wasa ko maza tsunduma a nauyi jiki aiki. Lokacin da sedentary salon ko karkata zuwa ga cikar adadin su ya kamata a rage don kauce wa kiba da related matsaloli.

Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da tsarin da fats. Na babba muhimmanci shi ne rabo na unsaturated da cikakken acid. A karshe hali na wuce kima amfani da mai metabolism damemu aiki na gastrointestinal fili, qara yiwuwar faru na atherosclerosis. Unsaturated acid da kishiyar sakamako: maido da metabolism, kau na cholesterol. Amma zagi take kaiwa zuwa bacin, bayyanar duwatsu a cikin gall mafitsara da kuma excretory fili.

kafofin

Kusan dukkan abinci dauke da fats, gina su a cikin tsari na iya zama daban-daban. A ware ne kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa, giya, zuma da sauransu. Products kasu kashi:

• Bold (40 ko fiye grams da 100 grams na samfurin). Wannan kungiyar hada da man shanu, margarine, man alade, m nama, wasu iri sausages, kwayoyi da sauransu.
• Average mai abun ciki (20 zuwa 40 g da 100 g samfurin). The Group da aka wakilta cream, mai kirim mai tsami, gida cuku, nau'i nau'i na cuku, sausages, nama, Goose, cakulan, da wuri, halvah da sauran sweets.
• Low-kitse (20 grams ko žasa da 100 g samfurin). Sun hada da: shinkafa, buckwheat, wake, wake, gurasa, kaza, qwai, kifi, namomin kaza, mafi kiwo kayayyakin da sauransu.

Har ila yau muhimmanci shi ne da sinadaran tsarin na fats, ya nuna ko wani musamman acid. A wannan hasashe, suna iya cikakken, unsaturated da polyunsaturated. Da farko samu a nama kayayyakin, man alade, cakulan, melted mai, dabino mai, kwakwa da man fetur da kuma man shanu. A unsaturated acid ne ba a cikin kaji da nama, da zaituni, cashew, gyada, da man zaitun. Polyunsaturated - walnuts, almonds, pecans, tsaba, kifi, kazalika a sunflower, flaxseed, rapeseed, masara, waken soya cottonseed da kuma man fetur.

nutritionist

Features na tsarin mai bukata a cika tare da wani sa na dokoki a lokacin da jawo sama da rage cin abinci. Nutritionists bayar da shawarar su bi su da wadannan dangantaka:

• Monounsaturated - har zuwa rabi daga cikin jimlar yawa na fats.
• Polyunsaturated - kwata.
• Cikakken - kwata.

A wannan yanayin, kayan lambu fats kamata sa up game da 40% na rage cin abinci, dabba - 60-70%. Mazan mutane bukatar kara yawan na farko zuwa 60%.

Don rage ko ware daga cikin abinci ya kamata transfats. Suna amfani da ko'ina a cikin yi da biredi, mayonnaise, confectionery kayayyakin. Cutarwa fats hõre tsanani zafi da hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Su za a iya samu a Faransa fries, dankalin turawa, kwakwalwan kwamfuta, Donuts, pies da kuma kama. D. Daga dukkan wannan jerin mafi m kayayyakin, da shirye-shiryen abin da ya faru a rancid ko sau da dama da amfani da man fetur.

amfani ingancin

Fats, tsarin wanda ya samar da game da rabi daga cikin jimlar makamashi na jiki, da yawan amfani fasali:

• Cholesterol taimaka wa mafi carbohydrate metabolism da kuma samar da wani kira na da muhimmanci mahadi - ƙarƙashin ikonsa samar adrenal steroid hormones.
• game da 30% na zafi samar a cikin jikin mutum ruwan kasa mai tsoka dake a cikin wuyansa, kuma na sama da baya.
• Badger da kuma kare tsaurin kitse, warkar da numfashi cututtuka, ciki har da tarin fuka da huhu raunuka.
• phospholipid da glyukolipidnye mahadi suke kunshe a duk kyallen takarda, an hada a cikin narkewa kamar gabobin da kuma counteract da samuwar cholesterol plaques kula da hanta aiki.
• godiya phosphatides kuma sterols yana goyan bayan da m abun da ke ciki cytoplasmic kayan yau da kullum na cikin juyayi tsarin Kwayoyin, da kuma hada da bitamin D.

Saboda haka, fats ne wani muhimmin bangaren da mutum rage cin abinci.

Wuce haddi da kuma rashi

Fats, tsarin da aiki na wadannan mahadi ne da amfani kawai da matsakaici amfani. Su ragi na taimaka wa kiba - matsala cewa shi ne dacewa ga duk raya ƙasashe. Wannan cuta take kaiwa zuwa ƙãra jiki nauyi, rage a motsi da kuma tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya. Yana kara hadarin atherosclerosis, cardiac ischemia, hauhawar jini. Kiba da nasa sakamakon mafi sau da yawa fiye da sauran cututtuka m.

Rashi na kitse a rage cin abinci na taimaka wa tabarbarewar fata, slows saukar da girma da kuma ci gaban da yaro ta jiki, disrupts aiki na haihuwa tsarin, tsarè al'ada cholesterol metabolism, haddasa atherosclerosis, impairs kwakwalwa da kuma juyayi tsarin a general.

Proper rage cin abinci da shirin, shan la'akari da bukatun da kwayoyin a cikin fats iya taimakawa wajen hana da yawa cututtuka da kuma inganta ingancin rayuwa. Yana da muhimmanci matsakaici da amfani, ba tare da wuce haddi da kuma kasawa.