Great mata masana kimiyya da kuma su binciken. photo

A duk lokacin da, da duniya ta gani ya cewa mace jinsi da kuma kimiyya - ne m. Duk da haka, mace masu bincike, don taimakawa wajen cigaban dan Adam a duk matakai na tarihi, da ya} alubalanci irin wannan m magani.

Mata masana kimiyya na zamanin d duniya

Ko lokacin da wayewa da aka a farkon Yuan, da mafi kyau jima'i a rare lokuta aka ba da damar a yi kimiyya. Mafi yawan mata masana kimiyya ya rayu a zamanin tsohuwar Girka, duk da tsananin patriarchy cewa mulki a can.

Mafi shahara wakilin kimiyya yanayi ya Hypatia, wanda ya rayu a kasar a karshen IV - farkon V karni BC. e. Ta kasance 'yar sanannen masanin kimiyya Teona Aleksandriyskogo, a sakamakon yana da damar samun ilmi. Bugu da kari ga cewa, ta sanar a Alexandria batutuwa kamar falsafa, lissafi da kuma ilmin taurari, wanda ya rubuta kimiyya takardunku. Hypatia kuma aka yi wani kirkiro: shi halitta irin kimiyya na'urorin, kamar barasan, astrolabe da hydrometer.

Ancient mace masana kimiyya da suke zaune a wasu ƙasashe. Kafin mu lokacin da ya kai game da Maria Profetisse, wanda ya rayu a karni na BC. e. a Urushalima. Kamawa Alchemy, bin misali na mafi masana kimiyya na wannan lokacin, shi ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban zamani da sunadarai. Wannan ta ne da sabuwar dabara ruwa dumama tsarin a kan tururi wanka da kuma wani na farko sake fasalin na har yanzu.

A binciken sanya ta mata masana kimiyya

Duk da tsananin hani a kan samun ilmi, da mafi kyau jima'i ci gaba da aiki a kan ƙirƙirãwa. Mutane da yawa kimiyya Concepts, terminology, da kuma daban-daban na'urorin da cewa muna amfani da a cikin zamani, shi ne ya kafa mata masana kimiyya.

Saboda haka, na farko matakai a shirye-shirye, shi ne mallakar wani lady. Lady Augusta Ada Byron (1815-1851 g), 'yar sanannen mawãƙi, a cikin shekaru 17 da shekaru ƙirƙira da uku shirye-shirye da nuna hikimar tantance damar kwakwalwa. Wannan shi ne farkon shirin. An suna bayan daya daga cikin Ada shirye-shirye, a Bugu da kari, wakilan da masu sana'a hutu na sana'a yi imani da shi ne da ranar haihuwa da wannan rashin hankali yarinya - on 10 Disamba.

Tattauna da topic "The farko mata masana kimiyya," ba a ma maganar da haske wakilin ya lokaci Marii Kyuri (1867-1934 gg.). Wannan shi ne na farko mace bayar da Nobel Prize sau biyu, kuma da kawai masanin kimiyya a duniya don samun shi a biyu daban-daban yankunan. Ta kuma mijinta , Pierre Curie, da wanda suka yi ba kawai iyali, amma kuma wani m jam'iyya, gano sinadaran polonium kashi. Bugu da kari, shi ne da mulkin musu gano radioactivity, da abin da suka karbi mafi kyautar a fagen kimiyyar lissafi. Wadannan lambobin yabo riga a Chemistry, Mariya Kyuri sanã'anta kanta, bayan da mijinta mutuwa, ci gaba da aiki tukuru da kuma nuna rubutu da tsarki radium.

Cewa mallakar da ra'ayin amfani da shi a magani domin lura da scars da daban-daban siffofin maruran. Lokacin da yakin duniya na farko, da ta farko da ya halitta X-ray inji cewa zai iya kawo. A girmama na biyu daga baya ya kira sinadari Ci, kazalika da naúrar na ji na radioactivity Curie.

Jerin mai mata

Hedy Lamarr (1913-2000) - The daya daga cikin mafi kyau mata a Hollywood, a lokaci guda mallakan wani undoubted wit da dabara. Da yake wanda aure su kasance a gare Fritz Mandla, wanda ya shiga tsakani a cikin makami kasuwanci, ta gudu daga gare shi to America, inda ya fara aiki a matsayin actress. A lokacin yakin, ta nuna sha'awarta a rediyo-sarrafawa torpedoes kuma miƙa ta taimako a cikin ci gaban da National Council of ir. Ganin hali na mace jima'i, da jami'an ba ya so ya magance shi. Duk da haka, saboda da shahararsa na actress, ba su iya ta kawai daina. Saboda haka, ta aka tambaye su taimaka wa Board, ya sayar da wata babbar adadin shaidu. Hedy dabara taimaka mata tara fiye da miliyan 17. Ta sanar da cewa duk wanda ya sayi shaidu a cikin wani adadin ba kasa da 25,000, samu daga ta sumba. A shekarar 1942 ta, tare da mawaki George Antheil, ƙirƙira ka'idar tsalle Heights. Wannan samu ba yaba, amma aka yi amfani da a ko'ina cikin duniya a yau: mobile phones, Wi-Fi 802,11 da GPS.

Barbara McClintock (1902-1992) - The babban masanin kimiyya, da farko ya gano da motsi na da kwayoyin halittu. Ita ce ta farko da aka bayyana zobe chromosome, wanda kawai shekaru masu yawa daga baya ya fara da za a yi amfani da su bayyana kwayoyin cututtuka. Su da kyau-cancanci kyautar Nobel Barbara samu kawai shekaru 30 daga baya, a cikin shekaru 81 da shekaru. By lokacin wani tsofaffi mace - wani shahararren masanin kimiyya - yi magana game da bincike da nazarin su a duniya.

Rasha mata masana kimiyya

A ci gaba da kimiyya a Rasha ne ma ba zai yiwu ba su yi tunanin ba tare da matan da suka yi wata babbar gudummawa ga shi.

Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna (1898-1974) - The mashawarta microbiologist da yaduwa. Ita ce ta halitta maganin rigakafi - kwayoyi, ba tare da wanda ba shi yiwuwa su yi tunanin zamani magani. Abin mamaki, amma domin ya yi ta bincike na kimiyya, 24-shekara yarinya kamu da kanta a m cuta - kwalara. Sanin cewa idan ba za ka iya samun magani, ta kwanaki ana ƙidaya, shi ne har yanzu iya warkar da kanta. Da yawa daga baya, shekaru 20 baya, a lokacin yaki, wannan shi ne riga mai tsakiyar-shekaru mace, mai girma masanin kimiyya, tsira daga cutar kwalara annoba kewaye Stalingrad. Ana bayar da cikin Order of Lenin, da kuma daga baya Stalin Prize, ta sa duk da shawara samu a cikin jirgin sama. Ba da da ewa, sama an riga an tashi a jirgin saman soja wanda ta haifa da sunan wannan ban mamaki mace.

An babban taimako ga ci gaban ilmin jikin mutum sanya Adamovna Krausskaya Anna (1854-1941 birni). Ta samu title of farfesa ba tare da kare mai sabawa rubuce-rubucensu da kuma zama na farko da mace a Rasha da za a bayar da wannan girmamawa kimiyya matsayi.

Babu kasa gagarumin taimako ga kimiyya sanya da kuma Kovalevskaya Sofya Vasilevna (1850-1891) - The Russian lissafi da kuma m.

Ta ya yi mai yawa ga wadannan rassan kimiyya, amma mafi muhimmanci samu bincike dauke da juyawa daga wani nauyi asymmetric saman. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa Sofya shi ne kawai lady a lokacin, ya zama wani farfesa na mafi girma lissafi a arewacin Turai. Personal misali, wannan hikima Rasha mace ya koyar da cewa nasarar da ilmi ba dogara a kan jinsi.

Masana kimiyya Ladies daga ko'ina cikin duniya

Kusan kowace kasa za su iya alfahari da babban mata, saboda abin da akwai lokatan gagarumin canje-canje a cikin kimiyya.

Daga cikin adalci jima'i, wanda dukan duniya ya sani, da sunan sauti Rahila Luiz Karson (1907-1964), masanin halitta, aiki a hankali a kan muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi. A shekarar 1962, wannan riga tsakiyar-shekaru mace, mai girma masanin kimiyya, ya ɓullo da wata muqala a kan effects da magungunan kashe qwari a kan aikin noma, wanda ya m da kimiyya duniya. Ta littafin "Silent War" ya jagoranci wani m harin da sinadaran masana'antun suke ciyar kudi mai yawa a kan baiting Rahila. An wannan littafi ya zama} ashin ga halittar da yawa daga cikin kariya da zamantakewa ƙungiyoyi da muhalli.

Charlotte Gilman (1860-1935) - The co-kafa dandalin mata motsi a duniya. Mun gode wa fice iyawa na marubuci ta ya iya zana jama'a da hankali ga raunana matsayin mata.

Ba'a kula da suba nazarin mata masana kimiyya

Jama'a ra'ayi shi ne karfi da ƙasƙantattu karin gishiri da muhimmancin mata. Binciken masana kimiyya Ladies a lokaci guda bai yi nufin dakatar, ko da yake, da kuma suna kan hanyarsu ne da yawa cikas. A musamman, da shirye-shiryen kimiyya lakabi, a bambanci ga namiji abokan aiki, ba su tare da wahala.

Research Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958 g) a cikin binciken na DNA sun yi babban rabo mai girma, amma ba a gane lokacin da yake rayuwa.

Har ila yau, 'yan mutane san cewa daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa makaman nukiliya shi ne mafi kyau jima'i - Liza Meytner (1878-1968 g). Yana splintered da uranium tsakiya da kuma ƙarasa da cewa sarkar dauki cewa zai iya samar da wata babbar saki da makamashi.

Da ikon haifar da mafi makami ne mai iko a duniya ya jawo wata babbar jama'a martani. Duk da haka, gamsu pacifist, Lisa tsaya bincike, sun ƙi yin wani bam. A sakamakon haka ne cewa ta rubuce-rubucen da aka ba a gane, kuma Nobel Prize maimakon samu ta abokin aiki Otto Hahn.

Bude mata masana kimiyya

Yana da wuya a overestimate gudunmawar sanya ta mata masana kimiyya a gaban duniya kimiyya. A tushen da yawa daga yau theories ne daidai da mafi kyau jima'i, sunayen da aka sau da yawa ba a sanya jama'a. Bugu da kari a wadannan nasarori, mata ne ga irin binciken a matsayin:

• A farko tauraro mai wutsiya - Maria Mitchell (1847);
• kowa juyin tushen na wani mutum da wani biri - Dzheyn Gudoll (1964);
• periscope - Sarah Meter (1845);
• silencer ga mota - El Dolores Dzhons (1917);
• Na'urar wanke kwanoni - Geris Josephine Cochrane (1914);
• corrector for typos - Betti Grem (1956), da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Taimako zuwa ga duniya kimiyya

Abu mai yiwuwa don kimiyya da kuma ta ci gaba da crazier da mafi kyau jima'i, wanda ciyar da shi a matakai na cigaban dan Adam. Mata masana kimiyya na duniya sun ba da gudummawar to masana'antu, irin su:

• kimiyyar lissafi.
• sunadarai.
• magani.
• falsafa.
• wallafe-wallafe.

Abin baƙin ciki, mun ba gudu sunayen duk da Ladies wanda ya yi aiki domin amfanin 'yan Adam, duk da haka, za mu iya ce tare da amincewa da cewa aikinsu ne ya cancanci girmamawa.

Hali zuwa mata masana kimiyya a zamani duniya

Saboda da mafi kyau jima'i, wanda akai-akai tabbatar da ikon tafiyar da kimiyya, ta zamani, jama'a ta karshe yarda da daidaici da mata da maza. Yau, dab da maza da mata daga ci gaba da aiki a kan ci gaban bil'adama. Samun wani mataki ko wata lambar yabo ga mata ba shi alama wani abu ba zai yiwu ba, amma hanyar zuwa irin wannan aboki ya kasance dogon da wuya.

Cleverest mace na XX karni

Sananne mata masana kimiyya aiki a zamaninmu.

Shtern Lina Solomonovna, a Masanin kuma physiologist, shi ne na farko mace yarda da Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet.

Skorohodova Olga Ivanovna - a tsakiyar-shekaru mace, mai girma masanin kimiyya. An muqala game da fasali na Deafblind ne har yanzu kawo sunayensu a tsarar masana kimiyya. A talented ilimin, a duniya kawai kurãme-bebe mace masanin kimiyya.

Dobiash-Kirsimeti Olga Antonovna da Rasha da kuma Soviet tarihi da kuma marubuci, ya zama m memba na Academy of Sciences da Tarayyar Soviet.

Ladygina-Cotes Nadezhda - na farko masanin kimiyya zoopsychologists a Rasha.

Pavlova Mariya Vasilevna, na farko masana kimiyyar binciken burbushin halittu.

Glagoleva-Arkadieva Alexandra Andreevna, likita. Wannan lady ya samu a duniya daraja da kuma zama wani likita na jiki da kuma ilmin lissafi kimiyyar.

Lebedeva Olga Sergeevna, fassara da kuma masanin ilimin harsuna, wanda ya kafa da Society of Oriental Nazarin, girmamawa shugaban abin da yake a nan gaba.

Lermontov Julia Vsevolodovna cikakken rayu har zuwa ta shahara sunan, duk da haka, a cikin wani daban-daban yankin. Ta kasance mace ta farko sunadarai, bayar da mataki na Doctor of Science.

Klado Tatiana Nikolaevna - na farko-aerologist mace biyu a Rasha da kuma a duniya.

Zama na farko a cikin filin, sun nuna wani misali ne mai kyau da yawa. Wadannan mata ne da gaskiya da girman kai na a matsayin mahaifarsa da kuma duniya kimiyya, ya yaba Gamsuwa da gudunmawar da suka yi.

ƙarshe

Duk da matsaloli, mata masana kimiyya sun yi aiki tukuru don tabbatar da hakkin ya daidaita. A motsi na ci gaba da cewa sun sanya shi yiwu, yana da wuya a overestimate. Wadannan cleverest mace immortalized sunayensu a cikin gaba daya bude, zama wani misali na ɗaure a kan da kuma ƙarfin hali.