Ta yaya wani jijiya cell? Kwayoyin na juyayi tsarin

Jikin mutum da aka hada da sel tiriliyan kadai kwakwalwa ƙunshi kimanin biliyan 100 neurons, daban-daban siffofi da kuma masu girma dabam. The tambaya: Ta yaya jijiya cell, da kuma yadda shi ya bambanta daga sauran Kwayoyin a cikin jiki?

Inji m Kwayoyin

Kamar mafi yawan sauran jikin mutum Kwayoyin, jijiya Kwayoyin da tsakiya. Amma idan aka kwatanta da wasu, su ne na musamman, kamar yadda suke da dogon, thread-kamar rassan da cewa kawo jijiyar.

Kwayoyin na juyayi tsarin ne kama da sauran, kamar yadda kuma kewaye da wani cell membrane, da core dauke da kwayoyin halittu cytoplasm, mitochondria da sauran wasu gabbansa. Suna da hannu a muhimman hakkokin salula tafiyar matakai kamar gina jiki kira da kuma samar da makamashi.

Neurons da jijiyar

A juyayi tsarin kunshi jijiyoyi. Jijiya - a dam na jijiya Kwayoyin. Jijiya Kwayoyin aika da wasu bayanai, da ake kira mai neuron. Data cewa an canja shi zuwa neurons, kira jijiyar. Kamar lantarki hasken dake fitowa suna canjawa wuri bayanai a wani m kudi. Samar da sauri sigina axons na neurons, musamman mai rufi myelin daina kai hare hare.

Wannan harsashi rufe axon kamar roba coatings a kan wutar lantarki wayoyi da kuma damar jijiyar tafiya da sauri. Mene ne wani neuron? Ya na da musamman siffar cewa ba ka damar aika da wata sigina daga daya cell zuwa wani. A neuron kunshi uku main sassa: tantanin halitta jiki, dendrites da wani jam'i na guda axon.

iri neurons

Neurons yawanci classified a kan tushen da rawar da suka taka a cikin jiki. Akwai biyu na asali iri neurons - da azanci da kuma mota. Azanci shine neurons gudanar da jijiyar daga azanci shine gabobin da kuma kayan ciki zuwa tsakiya m tsarin (CNS). Motor neurons, a akasin haka, kawo jijiyar daga CNS da gabobin, gland da kuma tsokoki.

juyayi tsarin Kwayoyin suna shirya don haka da cewa da iri neurons aiki tare. Azanci shine neurons kawo bayanai game da ciki da kuma na waje muhalli. Wadannan bayanai suna amfani da su aika sakonni ta hanyar mota neurons cewa gaya jiki yadda ya kamata amsa da bayanai.

synapse

A wurin da axon na daya neuron gana da dendrites na wani ne ya kira wani synapse. Neurons sadarwa da juna ta wajen wani electrochemical tsari. A dauki zo sinadaran abubuwa kira neurotransmitters.

jikin tantanin

The na'urar ne a jijiya cell bukatar gaban a jikin tantanin halitta tsakiya da kuma sauran wasu gabbansa. Dendrites da axons an haɗa ka da cell jiki, reminiscent na haskoki emanating daga rana. A dendrites sami hasken dake fitowa daga wasu jijiya Kwayoyin. Axons aika da jijiyar zuwa wasu Kwayoyin.

Daya neuron iya samun dubban dendrites, don haka shi za a iya sadarwa tare da dubban wasu Kwayoyin. Axon mai rufi myelin daina kai hare hare - m Layer cewa na ware shi da kuma damar zuwa aika da wata alama da sauri.

mitochondria

Amsa wannan tambaya na yadda za a yi a jijiya cell, yana da muhimmanci a lura da rabi da alhakin samar da rayuwa da makamashi, wanda sannan za a iya zubar da. A wannan tsari, da farko irin rawa da mitochondria. Wadannan wasu gabbansa da nasu m da ciki membrane.

Babban tushen samar da makamashi ga juyayi tsarin ne glucose. Mitochondria dauke da enzymes bukatar maida glucose zuwa makamashi mai arzikin mahadi, yafi a cikin kwayoyin adenosine triphosphate (ATP), wanda sannan za a hawa zuwa sauran yankunan na jiki da bukatar su samar da makamashi.

core

A hadaddun aiwatar da gina jiki kira zai fara a cikin cell tsakiya. neuron tsakiya ƙunshi kayyade bayanai da aka adana a matsayin masu lamba Lines na deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Kowane jigidar halittar DNA ya ƙunshi kwayoyin code for duk Kwayoyin a cikin jiki.

Yana farawa a cikin zuciyar aiwatar da gina sunadarai na gina jiki, ta hanyar rubutu a daidai rabo daga DNA code for da karin kwayoyin na ribonucleic acid (RNA). Saki daga tsakiya a cikin extracellular ruwa, suka fararwa da gina jiki kira tsari, a cikin abin da ma shiga don haka ya kira nucleoli. Wannan raba tsarin ciki da zuciyar, shi ne alhakin gina kwayoyin gidaje, da ake kira ribosomes, da hannu a gina jiki kira.

Kada ka san yadda za a yi a jijiya cell?

Neurons - shi ne mafi tenacious da kuma dogon Kwayoyin a cikin jiki! Wasu daga cikin su suna adana a cikin jikin mutum a kan wani rayuwa. Sauran Kwayoyin mutu, suna maye gurbinsu da sababbi, amma da yawa neurons ba za a iya maye gurbinsu. Tare da shekaru, suka zama kasa da kasa. Saboda haka magana cewa jijiya Kwayoyin ba regenerate. Duk da haka, wadannan marigayi 20th karni nazarin tabbatar da haka ba. A daya daga cikin yankunan da kwakwalwa, da hippocampus, sabon neurons iya girma ko a cikin manya.

Neurons iya zama quite manyan kuma zama wani tsawon 'yan mita (corticospinal da afferent). A 1898, wani sananne gwani a juyayi tsarin Kamillo Goldzhi ruwaito ya samu - kintinkiri-kamar na'ura, kwarewa a cikin neurons a cerebellum. Wannan na'urar yanzu Bears sunan ta mahalicci da aka sani a matsayin "Golgi na'ura".

Daga yadda za a yi a jijiya cell, ya kamata a bayyana a matsayin ainihin tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar na juyayi tsarin, da nazarin sauki da a'idodin da za zama a matsayin babbar hanyar magance matsaloli da yawa. Wannan ya shafi yafi ga autonomic juyayi tsarin, wanda qunshi daruruwan miliyoyin juna Kwayoyin.