Electrolysis bayani: description, da yin amfani da

Kira electrolysis tsari, halin redox Properties a game da bijiro da batun kafa abubuwa na salts da sauran mahadi yanzu a narke ko bayani, ta wucewa lantarki ta hanyar su.

Ta wajen electrolysis iya samar da karafa da kuma nonmetals, halin da babban mataki na sinadaran tsarki. Wannan dauki halin sauki da kuma amfani, shi ne ko da yiwu Model a gida. Wannan na bukatar da tushen m lantarki halin yanzu, biyu daga wayoyin da wani electrolyte shirya a gabani. A mafi asali alama na Wutan ne su ikon gudanar da wutar lantarki.

Rarrabe electrolysis na mafita da kuma melts na salts, a total kama su da wani yawan gagarumin bambance-bambance. Dauke da fitar da electrolysis na mafita, ya kamata ka yi la'akari da takara a aiwatar da sauran ƙarfi ions. Electrolysis na melts ne halin gaban kawai abu na ions.

Don samun ake so samfurin (ko karfe, gas, ko da wani maras karfe) cewa kula da zabin da ta dace lantarki da kuma shiri na Game electrolyte.

The abu don lantarki na iya zama ko dai wani shugaba na lantarki. A mafi yawan lokuta, yi amfani da karafa, gami, tsakanin nonmetal kyau yi kamar wani lantarki iya nuna graphite sanduna (carbon). Very rare, amma da aka sani fasaha mafita, a cikin abin da littattafai na wayoyin ne ruwa.

Duk abin da yake a shirye su gudanar da wani electrolysis na gishiri mafita. A tabbatacce lantarki da ake kira anode. Domin korau lantarki dauka nadi - da cathode. Ta hanyar electrolysis bayani, wani anode oxidized (narkar), da kuma cathode aka mayar. Yana da muhimmanci cewa "rushe" na anode da wani sakamako a kan tsarin sunadarai da ya auku a cikin bayani (narke). In ba haka ba - ainihin yanayin ga anode ne ta inertness. Fi dacewa, shi za a iya sanya na platinum, amma da graphite (carbon) anodes ne ma sosai tasiri.

Domin da cathode za su dace da kusan duk wani farantin karfe (shi ba zai narke). Copper, tagulla, carbon (graphite), tutiya, da baƙin ƙarfe, aluminum cathodes suna yadu amfani da zamani masana'antu.

Ta hanyar electrolysis mafita a cikin gida, daga kusan ya da kayan za a iya samu abubuwa kamar oxygen, chlorine, hydrogen, jan, ko Alkali rauni acid, sulfur. Kada ku bata gwaje-gwajen da chlorine - shi ne guba!

Domin samar da oxygen da kuma hydrogen dole ne a fuskanci electrolysis bayani na yin burodi soda (madadin - soda ash). Kusa lantarki "+" (anode) da aka ware a cikin nau'i na kumfa oxygen a cathode ( "-") - hydrogen. A cikin tambaya dalilin da ya sa hydrogen dawo faru maimakon sodium yadda za a zaci martani za a iya samu: a cikin jerin Na karfe danniya da aka bar H2, bi da bi, a cikin gasar na biyu cations hydrogen ci sodium. A misali na wannan dauki, mun shaida da electrolysis bayani, a gaskiya, ya juya a cikin electrolysis na sauran ƙarfi (ruwa).

Amfani da matsayin electrolyte bayani na jan karfe sulfate, mu samu a cathode duhu ja plaque, wanda shi ne mai tsarki karfe, warke tagulla.

Bisa ga sakamakon biyu gwaje-gwajen a electrolysis iya sa wasu generalizations. M anode zama wuri domin dawo da anions, a duka biyu sama lokuta dauke, ya juya a kira su da oxygen. A cathode, murmurewa da cations na hydrogen tabbatar a cikin gwaje-gwajen - a farko idan, jan - a karo na biyu. Yawanci, da cations ne karfe ko hydrogen, amma a wasu lokuta da suka iya juya a kira su ba karafa da kuma gas. A hadawan abu da iskar shaka jihar da kashi taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dawo da tsarin.