Abin da dabbobi na farko zuwa kewayewa da watã, ko wani tarihi na jarumi yara

Cosmos janyo hankalin mu - wannan bayani ne undeniable. Janar facts game da mutum yunkurin zuwa nasara da ya marasa iyaka sarari a cikin sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, an san duk. Daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali misalai - Belka da Strelka - sanannen karnuka 'yan saman jannati wanda farko gudanar ya dawo daga wani hadadden da kuma kawo hadari Extraterrestrial tafiya lafiya da kuma sauti. Amma wannan ba kawai dabbobi suka kasance a cikin sarari. Tambayi duk wani da abokinsa: "Abin da dabbobi na farko zuwa kewayewa da watã?" Wani mutum ya iya ba da dama Amsar wannan tambaya zai yi duba a hankali.

Little mataimaka masana kimiyya

A farko rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a sararin samaniya da aka kawai Drosophila aika da Amirkawa a 1947 ya yi nazarin sakamakon radiation a high tsawo. Suka dawo lafiya da kuma sauti, a musamman sanye take kwantena komai a fili ta amfani da saukar laima.

Manufa ci gaba biri Albert 1 da kuma Albert 2 (US), kazalika da game da dozin karnuka (USSR). Har ila yau a cikin jerin 'yan saman jannati bayyana Fluffy guda cat Felisett. Ta aka aiko zuwa sarari suKe a Faransa a shekarar 1963. Dukan dabbobi, da rashin alheri, ya mutu a lokacin da jirgin.

Sai da bayan shekaru 12 na yunkurin da gwaje-gwajen, Soviet masana kimiyya sun iya komawa furry 'yan saman jannati baya a cika aminci. Belka da Strelka nasarar circled a kusa da Duniya.

sabon aukuwa

Ci ci gaba, da kuma mafi muhimmanci aiki daga cikin masana kimiyya ya yi nazarin tauraron dan adam na duniya tamu. Kamar yadda a yanayin saukan jiragen sama ƙaddamar a cikin sarari guda, da farko a cikin hanyar dabbobi sun tafi. Kewayewa da watã, sun yi hidimar majagaba wani sabon shugabanci da kuma sarari a matsayin kusa da na tauraron dan adam 'yan watanni kafin saukowa daga American' yan saman jannati a kan shi.

Abin da dabbobi na farko zuwa kewayewa da Moon

Idan muka yi la'akari da kawai vertabrate na farko da tauraron dan adam zuwa cikin ƙasa samu kunkuru. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa su ne wakilan da wani rare tsakiyar Asiya jinsunan. Jirgin ya faru a cikin watan Satumba 1968, a cikin Soviet unmanned "Zond-5".

Ba mamaki, da wasu dabbobi su ne na farko a kewayewa da watã. Selection na kunkuru da wannan rawar da ya ba faufau bazata. Mu tsaya a kan su, saboda su na bukatar sosai kadan oxygen zuwa ya raya rai. Bugu da kari, kunkuru wuya bukatar gina jiki, kamar yadda mafi yawan jirgin suka ciyar a lethargy.

Kunkuru ba su kaɗai ba fasinjoji drone. A lokacin da jirgin, akwai kuma riga ya dandana "cosmonauts": ya'yan kwari, wasu kwayoyin cuta da kuma shuke-shuke.

Details perilous tafiya

Yana da ban sha'awa su koyi ba kawai game da abin da dabbobi circled a kusa da Moon farko, amma kuma game da yadda za su yi da shi. Jirgin da kanta da aka uneventful. A jirgin sama bar surface na Duniya 15 ga watan Satumba. A yanayin motsi da aka farko gyara a nesa na 325.000 km daga tashi batu. Kwana uku daga baya (a kan 18 Satumba) da jirgin orbited da watã a wata nisa na 1960 kilomita daga surface. A 21 ga watan Satumba da na'ura, auna dan kadan fiye da biyu sautunan, ya shiga cikin yanayin duniya a karo na biyu sarari gudu.

"Zond-5" nasarar komai a fili a cikin tekun Indiya. Mun gano shi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje TSKBEM a Moscow, kuma daga can canjawa wuri zuwa ga masana kimiyya domin kara nazari. A lokacin da kunkuru sarari tafiya rasa wani karamin sashi na jiki nauyi, game da 10%. A sakamakon haka, manyan overloads daya daga su rasa ta ido. Amma a kan dukan jirgin bai sanya wani sharply mummunan tasiri a kan kiwon lafiya na fasinjoji.

Abin baƙin ciki, kunkuru 'yan saman jannati sunayen zauna ba a sani ba. Watakila wannan ne ya sa 'yan kaxan mutane su sani game da abin da dabbobi circled a kusa da Moon farko.