Chemical da jiki Properties, da kuma aikace-aikace na oxygen

Hudu elementa- "chalcogen" (Ina nufin, an "haife jan") shugaban babban subgroup VI kungiyoyin (sabon rarrabuwa - 16-th kungiyar) na lokaci-lokaci tsarin. Bayan sulfur, selenium, tellurium, kuma shi ma da dangantaka da oxygen. Bari mu bincika a cikin daki-daki, da kaddarorin fi na kowa kashi a duniya, kazalika da aikace-aikace da kuma samun oxygen.

Yaduwar na kashi

A oxygen abun ciki a cikin ɓawon burodi ne ma 50%. Yana da yake a cikin daban-daban ma'adanai a cikin nau'i na oxides da salts.

A wani related nau'i na oxygen kunshe a cikin sinadaran abun da ke ciki na ruwa - ta kashi ne game da 89%, kuma a cikin sel duk halittu masu rai - shuke-shuke da dabbobi.

A cikin iska, oxygen ne a wani free jihar a cikin nau'i na O2, shan up humushin abun da ke ciki, da kuma a cikin nau'i na lemar sararin samaniya - O3.

jiki Properties

Oxygen O2 ne a gas wanda yana da wani launi, dandano da wari. A cikin ruwa, dan kadan mai narkewa. Tafasar batu - 183 digiri a kasa sifili Celsius. The ruwa oxygen ne blue a launi, da kuma Forms blue lu'ulu'u a wani m form. Da narkewa batu na lu'ulu'u da oxygen ne 218,7 digiri kasa sifili Celsius.

sinadaran Properties

Lokacin da mai tsanani, wannan kashi reacts da yawa sauki abubuwa irin karafa da kuma nonmetals, kafa da ake kira oxide - haɗa da abubuwa tare da oxygen. A sinadaran dauki a cikin abin da abubuwa zo tare da oxygen, da ake kira hadawan abu da iskar shaka.

Alal misali,

4Na + O2 = 2Na2O

S + O2 = SO2

Wasu daga cikin hadaddun mahadi ma amsa tare da oxygen, haka kuma kafa oxides:

CH4 + 2O2 = CO2 + 2H2O

2Kor + O2 = 2CO2

Idan wani abu reacts sannu a hankali tare da oxygen, shi ne ake kira m hadawan abu da iskar shaka. Alal misali, wannan tsari na bazuwar na abinci, Rotting.

samun oxygen

Wannan sinadari za a iya samu a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma a kan wani masana'antu.

Shiri na oxygen a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ne da za'ayi a hanyoyi da dama:

1. By dauki na bazuwar na potassium chlorate (potassium chlorate).

2. Ta hanyar bazuwar na hydrogen peroxide ta gasa da shi a gaban manganese oxide, mukaddashin matsayin mai kara kuzari.

3. Ta hanyar bazuwar na potassium permanganate.

Shiri na oxygen a cikin masana'antun gudanar da hanyoyin:

1. Domin dalilai na fasaha oxygen da aka samu daga iska a wadda ta al'ada abun ciki na game da 20%, Ina nufin, biyar. A saboda wannan dalili iska ne na farko combusted, samar da gwaggwabar riba a cakuda da wani ruwa abun ciki na game da 54% oxygen, ruwa nitrogen - 44%, da kuma ruwa argon - 2%. Sa'an nan kuma, wadannan gas an raba via barasan aiwatar amfani gwada da kananan jerawa tsakanin tafasar maki na ruwa oxygen da ruwa nitrogen - debe 183 da kuma debe 198,5 digiri, bi da bi. Sai dai itace cewa da nitrogen evaporates baya fiye da oxygen.

Modern kayan aiki na samar da oxygen da wani tsarki. Nitrogen, wanda aka samu ta hanyar rarraba da ruwa iska da ake amfani da matsayin albarkatun kasa a cikin kira na Kalam.

2. Electrolysis na ruwa ma ba sosai m oxygen har. Wannan hanya ya zama tartsatsi a cikin kasashen da yalwa da kuma cheap wutar lantarki.

A amfani da oxygen

Oxygen ne babban kashi na darajar a cikin rãyuwar duniya tamu. Wannan gas, wanda aka dauke a cikin yanayi da aka cinyewa a cikin tsari shuka numfasawa, dabbobi da mutane.

Samun oxygen da matukar muhimmanci ga waɗannan wurare na mutum aiki kamar magani, waldi da karfe sabon, ayukan iska mai ƙarfi, jirgin sama (for numfashi mutane da kuma ga injuna), da kuma metallurgy.

A kan aiwatar da mutum aiki da oxygen da aka cinyewa a cikin manyan yawa - msl, da kona habaka: iskar gas, methane, kwal, itace. A duk wadannan matakai samar carbon oxide. Lokacin da wannan yanayi ya bayar da wani tsari na dauri na fili via photosynthesis, wanda faruwa a kore shuke-shuke a karkashin mataki na hasken rana. A sakamakon wannan tsari, glucose da aka kafa, wanda sai jan shuka don gina su kyallen takarda.