Asirai na Mars

Mars - shi ne karo na hudu duniya daga rana. Distance daga sama jiki - 227,9 kilomita. Mars, wanda shi ne saboda ta tsatsa-ja launi ne kuma ake kira Red Planet, an dake kusa da Duniya. Venus ne mafi cancanta da shi ne kawai daga mu.

Al'ummar duniya ya sani game Mars na dogon lokaci. "Wuta Star" da aka akai-akai da aka ambata a zamanin da na Sin tarihin. Space ya dade a 'yan'uwanmu na Duniya sosai karatu mutane. Duk da haka, duk da dama da jirgin sama aika zuwa Mars asirai na wannan duniyar tamu a rinjaye da kuma zama ta kasa warwaruwa.

A duplicity na Red Planet

Shekaru da dama, masana kimiyya da sha'awar a cikin asiri na Mars hade tare da m topography. Gaskiyar ita ce, tsakanin arewaci da kuma kudancin hemispheres na cosmic jiki, akwai wani babban bambanci. A farko daga cikin wadannan ne, bayar da wuri cewa daya zai sami a cikin hasken rana tsarin. Its ƙasa ne low kuma lebur. Masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar cewa wannan hali da aka kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar surface ruwa, yawa da suke nan da yawa da suka wuce.

Amma da kudancin yammancin duniya, da bambanci ga Arewa gaba daya riddled da craters na daban-daban masu girma dabam. Bugu da kari, shi ne mafi girma da wani talakawan of 4-8 kilomita. Shin, masana kimiyya zato game da dalilan da samuwar irin wannan sabon abu topography, wanda a cikin wannan yanayin amsar asirin Mars? NASA, da manyan aiki nazari na Red Planet, ya nuna cewa wadannan bambance-bambance na iya haifar da wani "cosmic bom" kananan abubuwa ko fall na wata katuwar asteroid cewa ya faru a cikin m baya. Duk da haka, har yanzu babu wanda zai iya fili bayyana dalilin irin wannan babban bambanci a cikin topography na Martian hemispheres.

Bambance-bambance a shekaru

Masana kimiyya sun} iyasta cewa shi ne 3305 Mars craters daga meteorites kama a farfajiya, da diamita daga wanda ya wuce 30 km. Mafi yawan daga gare su (3068) da aka located a cikin Southern Hemisphere. Kawai 237 craters samu a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na duniya. Wannan al'amari ya shaida ga bambanci a shekaru na biyu hemispheres. Wannan shi ne bangare na Kudu na Mars ne mafi tsoho, da kuma ta Arewa - matasa.

Methane a cikin yanayi

Abin da sauran asirai na mu cosmic yan'uwanmu NASA masana kimiyya suna aiki? Mars asiri unambiguous bayani daga abin da ba a samu ya zuwa yanzu, ya shafi gaban methane ba a cikin yanayi na duniya Red. A Duniya wannan colorless iskar gas, wanda shi ne mafi sauki hydrocarbon samar da biogenic. Its bayyanar inganta biochemical matakai da kuma sinadaran canji na gudanar da mahadi. Saboda haka, wani gagarumin tushe na methane a duniya shi ne wani biogenic fermenting taki nauyi bovines. A cewar kimiyya kimomi, da methane a cikin yanayi na Mars iya zama a cikin ta asali tsari kawai shekara ɗari uku. Wancan ne, bisa ga mu duniya Concepts wannan gas a duniyar Mars kada ta kasance kamar. Duk da haka, shi ne ba a cikin yanayi na Mars, da kuma a babban isa yawa. Inda ya shiga da shi? Yana ba da shawara cewa amsar da asiri na Mars qarya a ta volcanic aiki. Duk da haka, babu wata hujja da wannan tsari na gudanar da bincike raka'a, ziyarci Red Planet, da aka samu. Saboda haka cewa search ci gaba da methane Madogararsa.

Shin akwai ruwa ruwa a duniyar Mars?

Bisa ga topography na Red Planet, masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar cewa, da zarar ta yi a dukan teku. Bugu da kari, kaikaitaccen data samu daga bincike da tauraron dan adam, za mu iya cewa a baya a kan Mars gudu da dukan kwarara ruwa. A daya hannun, a kan Mars yanayi matsa lamba isa ya kula da ruwa Jihar al'amari. Amma a sauran - a cikin hotunan da jirgin sama a kan gangara na tuddai na duniya a fili a bayyane kunkuntar layi na duhu launi cewa zai zaton da nassi na gishiri da ruwa a nan a cikin bazara kakar.

Opening na masana kimiyya

Amurka dillancin NASA Mars bude asiri game da kasancewar ruwa ruwa a kan shi. Wannan 9/28/2015, ya wakilan ce a wani taron manema labarai, musamman taru domin wannan lokaci. A taron da aka watsa shirye-shirye a kan hukumar ta yanar da kuma rayuwa a NASA Television. Bugu da kari, da littafin da babban sakamakon da taron ya bayyana a Nature Geoscience.

Babban ƙarshe na taron da aka gudanar a gaskiyar cewa NASA warware asirin Mars. Masana kimiyya dillancin ce cewa a duniyar Mars akwai m ruwa ruwa gudana saka yanayi. Similar tsarin faruwa a cikin dumi kakar kuma bace a cikin sanyi.

Masana kimiyya sun bayar da rahoton cewa NASA bayyana asirin Mars saboda ta orbiting Mars tauraron dan adam high quality-hotuna. A data aka gabatar:

- babban planetologist NASA - Jim Greene.

- wani abu bincike na Red Planet - Michael Meyer.

- Masana kimiyya a California Research Center - Mary Bet Vilgelm.

- masana kimiyya daga Georgia, aiki a Cibiyar Fasaha - Luhendra Ojha.

- manyan gwani na kimiyya kida na Jami'ar Arizona - Alfred Makyunom.

Domin tabbatar da cewa da watsuwar da babban asiri na Mars, masana kimiyya sun ba da jama'a musamman Hanyar cewa a yarda su don samun wata mafi m na bincike da hotuna. A sakamakon bincike da aka samu na ƙarshe shaida cewa gangara ne hydrated salts (perchlorate). Wasu daga cikin wadannan mahadi damar ruwa ba daskare ko a zazzabi na debe saba'in digiri Celsius. Masana kimiyya a baya sami perchlorates a duniyar Mars, amma su hydrated form karo na farko.

haƙiƙa hoto

Bisa ga bayanin da NASA masana kimiyya, a kan gangara na Martian tuddai lokaci zuwa lokaci bayyana da kuma bace gishiri da ruwa daga qarqashinsu. Su matsakaicin fadin kai mita biyar. Da masu bincike lura cewa perchlorates a duniyar Mars an samu kawai a cikin wadanda wuraren m kwarara daga cikin kogin. Ko burbushi a kan makwabtaka sassan na wadannan mahadi da aka gano.

Tambayar da wanzuwar rayuwa

Asirin Mars ci gaba da ya wajaba a zukatan mutane. Kuma babban daga cikinsu shi ne kasancewar a kan Red Planet halittu. Yana duk ya fara a 1877 a lokacin da Italian falakin Giovanni Skiparelli dukan tsarin na kai tsaye watsa Lines aka gano, wanda daga baya aka kira "Martian canals." Daga wannan lokacin babban asiri na Mars fara ƙare a amsar wannan tambaya: "Shin, akwai rai a kan shi?" Kuma almarar kimiyya marubuta nuna gaban a kan Red Planet m wayewa.

Daga baya, an ƙarshe tabbatar da cewa Mars ne sosai sanyi da kuma bushe. Bugu da kari, ta yanayi da aka yawa dolled up fiye da su a duniya. A tashoshi ba fiye da wani Tantancewar mafarki, wanda ya taso ne a lokacin da la'akari da taurari ta kawo nesa kusa.

Ina fatan zan samu a 'yan'uwanmu a sarari karshe narke a cikin shekarar 1965, lokacin da bincike "Mariner 4" daukar kwayar cutar zuwa Duniya da hotunan m surface. Sa'an nan kuma ya cewa wannan tambaya na da wanzuwar rayuwa a duniyar Mars kafa m batu. Duk da haka, shekara goma sha ɗaya kafin Red Planet samu naúrar daga "Viking" jerin. Sa'an nan masana kimiyya ya gane cewa tambaya na wanzuwar rayuwa a duniyar Mars za a iya daukan sake buɗe. Daga bisani gudanar da daban-daban karatu da sunadarai aiki na gona yadudduka da aka samu kwayoyin kwayoyin na methyl chloride da methylene chloride a farfajiya na hotuna sami ilimi, kama da busasshen kogin gadaje da sauransu .. Duk wannan ya sa da yawa daga shawara da kuma muhawara da cewa ci gaba da wannan rana.

Plans domin kara nazari na Red Planet

Mars asirin ci gaba da za a bayyana. Bayan NASA saukar da wanzuwar duniya na gishiri da ruwa, ya zama quite plausible version na wanzuwar rayuwa a kan shi. Amurka dillancin Ya yi wa'adi ko da samun tabbaci daga wannan matsayin kwanan nan a matsayin cikin na gaba 10-20 shekaru. Wannan hasashen da aka bayyana ta 07.04.2015, da babban jami'in harkokin kimiyya na NASA ta Ellen Stofan. Kuma riga, da 15/05/2015, da Agency sanar nan da nan aiki NASA - bayarwa mutumin a duniyar Mars.

A halin yanzu, biyar aiki tashoshin a kan maƙwabcinka Duniya ta falaki. Uku daga cikinsu suna gudanar da NASA. Har ila yau a cikin Amurka da aka shirya don aika biyu kimiyya dakunan gwaje-gwaje. Fara na farko daya da za a gudanar a watan Maris na shekara ta 2016 The aiki na wannan dakin gwaje-gwaje sun hada da nazarin tsarin da Red Planet subsoil zuwa biyar-mita zurfi, kazalika da rarraba zazzabi a gare su. Launch na biyu dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka shirya domin 2020 Ya tattara dukan zama dole data nan da zai kuɓutar a 2030-ies manned manufa ga sarari makwabcin. Kamar yadda na farko lissafin hanyar 'yan saman jannati a garesu zai dauki game da ɗari biyar kwana.

"Glass tsutsotsi"

Yana yiwuwa cewa jirgin zai ba da damar 'yan saman jannati zuwa bayyanãwa da yawa wasu asirin Mars. Daya daga cikinsu akwai m abubuwa, wanda da masu bincike kira "gilashin shambura", "gilashin Tunnels" ko "gilashin tsutsotsi."

Masana kimiyya ɗauka cewa dukan da su - wannan shi ne sakamakon masu rai a duniyar Mars a cikin m baya. Wadannan tubular abubuwa wani lokacin yin tunãni haske da suke kama da perforated Tunnels, bututu ko giant duniya tsutsotsi.

zai yiwu hadarin

Abin da sauran asirin Mars hankali mutãne? Don kwanan wata, masana kimiyya kada ku yi jãyayya da cewa Red Planet yana da hydrosphere da kuma yanayi. An zaci cewa su aka jefa cikin matsanancin sarari a sakamakon da bala'i. Ra'ayin da kuma masana kimiyya sun yarda da gaskiyar cewa Mars da zarar ya jiƙe da kuma gwada da dumi mazauninsu dace da hakan siffofin rayuwa.

Kamar yadda da Sanadin bala'i da ake kira maniyyi a cikin duniyar tamu uku babbar asteroids. An zaci cewa shi ne daga gare su, da kuma kafa craters da ciwon mafi girma diamita tsakanin kama tsarin ko'ina cikin hasken rana tsarin. Daga cikin su:

- Ellada ciwon diamita na 2,000 km.

- Isis - 1000 km.

- Argir, wanda yana da wani diamita na 630 km.

An zaci cewa asteroids ne manya-manyan sarari tarkace. A diamita ne game da 100, da 50, da kuma 36 km. Masana kimiyya sun kafa, da kuma game da masifa. Bisa ga bayanan zuwa daga Red Planet, shi ne daga 17 zuwa 600 shekara dubu da suka wuce.

Martian sphinx

Proponents na wanzuwar rayuwa a kan Red Planet sa a gaba a cikin goyon bayan version of hotuna na m samuwar cewa yayi kama da mace ta fuskar. Su aka samu a shekarar 1976, duk da haka, a kan bango na bakarãriya shimfidar wurare na duniya kamar Hoton da aka dauka a matsayin wani m play haske da launi. Kawai daga baya masana kimiyya, tare da taimakon wani na musamman kwamfuta shirin, ya karu da m. Godiya ga wannan "fuska" da aka kyan gani, mafi fili da kuma karin samu mutum halaye.

Hakika, ba wanda ya soke dokokin yiwuwa ka'idar, bisa ga abin da play haske da kuma inuwa iya haifar da bayyanar da wani image. Duk da haka, shi ne mai sauki duba. Bayan duk, idan ka canza lighting shugabanci, wannan sakamako zai bace nan da nan. Duk da haka, images of sarari tashoshin aiki a daban-daban falakinsu na sarari suKe na Mars, nuna gaban "Sphinx". Bugu da kari, gina kwamfuta sitiriyo ya ban mamaki sakamakon. Abun Wuya, kafafen hancinsa da sauran maki cewa an dauke m, ba ya bace. A wannan yanayin, da kwamfuta loomed gani ta ƴan da idanu da kuma hakora a bakinsa dan kadan bude.

pyramids

Mars - duniya, asirin wanda a yau har zuwa karshen da ba bayyana ta 'yan adam. Daga cikin su kuma cryptic Tsarin kama wani dala. Sun rabu da Sphinx zuwa nesa na bakwai kilomita kuma wakiltar da wani "birni". A cewar data samu daga hotunan na pyramids kawai 11. Daga cikin wadannan hudu manyan da bakwai karami masu girma dabam. Masana kimiyya da dama ba su la'akari da su zama da sakamakon volcanic aiki ko wasu halitta da tsari. Gaskiyar cewa form samu a Mars Pyramids ma daidai. Suna da uku, hudu ko biyar fuskoki da kaifafan gefuna da vertices. Bugu da kari, a kan gangara daga wadannan tsarin babu burbushi na lawa gudana. Babu kuma bakin dutse.

Modern kwamfuta shirye-shirye samu tsakanin dala madaidaiciya Lines, reminiscent na hanya, kazalika da m madauwari yankin. Da tunanin da kuma girman da pyramids. A babba gare su, located a cikin "birni" tsakiyar duniya ya wuce Cheops dala ne kusan sau goma.

City a duniyar Mars?

Dalilin da pyramids a duniyar Mars ne fiye ko žasa shiryar da waɗanda masana kimiyya, suke jayayya da cewa a baya can da rai. Amma da "da'irar", da diamita daga wanda - a kilometer, za ka iya jayayya ad infinitum. Mene ne wannan?

Polygon ko spaceport, warwatse bakin dutse ko Lab, wannan totur? Ko watakila, wannan da'irar ne tsakiya yanki na birnin? Mutane da yawa masu bincike suna tsaya a kan karshen zaɓi, dangane da manyan yawan dunbin ga wannan batu na madaidaiciya Lines ko "hanya".