Diorite mutum-mutumi Fir'auna. Khafre (Chephren) - ta huɗu mai mulkin Misira

Ancient Masar wayewa yana da shekaru da yawa ja hankalin masu bincike, haddasa yawa shawara. Adanar mai yawa ta kasa warwaruwa asirai al'adu buga da yawa surprises.

Musamman dala gina a cikin III Millennium BC, abin mamaki ko da a yau ta kwararru ƙulla niyyar fasaha da kuma ban mamaki aiki dutse guda. Babu kasa a asiri ne ya sassaka daga m kayan Masar sculptures cewa sun tsira zuwa yau.

Sanya na diorite mutum-mutumi Fir'auna Khafre ta dakin ajiye gawa na Haikalin Giza kasance ko da yaushe sha'awar masana kimiyya. Tatsuniya shi ne cewa gida sana'a ba su da wani kayan aikin da zai ba su damar aiwatar zaunanniya dutse. Kamar yadda archaeologists ce, mai ban mamaki tarihi Monuments na Ancient Misira suna sanya yin amfani da fasahar da cewa wuce sau da yawa a yau.

funerary hadaddun

Yawon bude ido daga ko'ina a duniya zo da Giza Plateau, wanda shi ne babban birni da cewa riko da binnewa Tsarin Masar Fir'auna da banza. Yana da ban sha'awa quite ga duk matafiya hadaddun, kyale kusa da asirai na pyramids da touch of a bygone wayewa. Aiki a kan karkararta, da masu bincike bayyana cewa Giza Filato - shi ne ba kawai wani archaeological site, amma kuma addini.

Bugu da duk aka sani Great Dala, akwai kabarin Fir'auna Chephren ko Khafre dan kadan na baya a size da aka sani da yi. Yana da wani al'ada hadaddun, gina ta domin na gwamnan Misira, da kuma da yawa yawon bude ido la'akari da shi daya daga cikin mafi kyau.

A bit na tarihin asali game da afterlife

A zamanin d Misira, da Fir'auna da aka wuce yarda da girmama ta hanyar kwatanta shi da Allah. Kashe tare da babban ikon shugabanni masu ilimi mutane suka dauki bangare a duk muhimmanci harkokin mulkin kasar. Misali na gida mazauna game da afterlife sun yi babban tasiri a kan ci gaba da kuma gina pyramids, wanda su ne ainihin kaburbura.

Dora muhimmanci ga sadaukarwa na mutuwa Fir'auna gina su makabarta a gaba. Masarawa yi imani da cewa afterlife - shi ne ci gaba da zama na duniya, da kuma babban sharadin miƙa mulki ga sauran duniya ya zama m adana mutum ta jiki da harsashi.

Da hakkin ya dauwama

Yana da wani hadari da Masarawa saboda haka a hankali embalmed gawar marigayin da kawota tare da duk abin da ka bukatar ka cika kabari tare da daban-daban abubuwa da cewa zai iya zama wajibi. Kamar yadda na farko imani, kawai Fir'auna suka afterlife, amma daga baya na Masar shugabanni da aka bai wa damar iya yin komai don ba da rashin mutuwa, kuma su masõyansa sani.

A karshen Tsohon Mulkin aka alama ta amincewa da dama na kowa da kowa zuwa ga afterlife.

A mulkin Misira Chephren

Fir'auna Khafre, wanda mutum-mutumi ne m sha'awa, ya mai mulkin Old Mulkin daular IV. Ma kadan Monuments na cewa lokaci ya zo mana, don haka da yawa facts ya biography ba abin dogara, kuma ko da shekaru na rayuwa hanyar rashin fahimtar juna. Egyptologists yi imani da cewa Khafre jihar mallakar game da shekaru 25.

Yau Heffron aka fi sani ga erection na biyu mafi girma a dala a Giza. Siffar da Fir'auna, wanda shi ne dan Cheops (Khufu) da ya kwace mulki bayan mahaifinsa da kuma wa Djedefre, mayar da wani da-tsare da mutummutumai da kabarin.

tsarki Filato

Plato aka asali dauke Hurumi, kuma haka funerary gidaje da aka gina a kan shi. Fir'auna Khafre, ci gaba da tunani game da miƙa mulki ga afterlife, ya umurce su da su gina dala kusa da kabarin na Cheops.

Da farko da tsawo daga cikin dala ya 144 mita, amma a kan lokaci shi ki dan kadan, wanda bai shafi ta da lafiya. Farar ƙasa ya ainihin gini abu don shi, da kuma tushe ne sahu m dutse.

Da dala, wanda ya zama canonical

Fir'auna Khafre so cewa da shi ta zarce dala kabarin mahaifinsa ta size, amma a lokacin yi da shi ya juya daga abin da gina wata babbar hadaddun ba shi yiwuwa dalilai daban-daban.

An yi imani da cewa dala tsarin da ta layout da baranda, a gallery, kuma musamman alkuki ga al'ada tasoshin a crypt ya canonical. Bisa ga asali misali fara da za a gina duk sauran funerary gidaje.

Wannan hada da wani funerary hadaddun?

Da farko, gaba ga dala na Khafre ya karami binne tsarin daga abin da waɗannan kwanaki ba kome ba ne bar. Mafi m, akwai aka binne shi matar Fir'auna.

Funerary haikali gina manyan dutse tubalan, da ƙarfi ya mamaki: block tsawon aka 5 mita, da kuma nauyin kowanne daga cikinsu ya kai arba'in tons. Har da XVIII karni, shi ne a wani m yanayin, yayin da yan unguwa ba su hallaka ba da gina garun. Ciki da shi akwai yawa sculptures na Fir'auna.

A hadaddun hada da wata tõshiya a bango tsakanin wurare, hanyoyi da kuma ƙananan coci, inda diorite mutum-mutumi na Fir'auna da aka gano. Khafre, wanda mafarkin na majestic tsarin, ta yi ciki a kan Compactness daga cikin raya tsarin. Aiki a cikin jana'izar hadaddun, archaeologists sun gano cewa, a lokacin da shi ne mai babbar yanki na free sarari ne ba da yawa - kasa da 0.01 cent.

Mene ne a ciki da dala?

A ciki da dala zane kunshi biyu kyamarori da kuma bayanai. Akwai kananan kanti a cikin dakin, wanda aka bar ba a kare ba, kuma ta nufi shi ne ba a sani ba. The binne jam'iyya, ciki hewn dutse, dutse sarcophagus blank ginu ne tare da karye murfi.

By 'yan fashi suka haƙa rami don samun ciki, da dukan abin da ya rage archaeologists - wasu kika aika da lu'u-lu'u da kuma toshe kwalaba al'ada jirgin ruwa, wanda ake kira da sunan Allah mataimakin. Babu more sarari a ciki da dala akwai.

Sannu suma a kusa da shi a real necropolis a da jiki ya huta duk mambobi ne na iyali na Khafre.

Kabarin firist da 'yan'uwansa

Shida da suka wuce, archaeologists sun samu kusa da kaburbura na kabarin firist Fir'auna, wanda a lokacin mulkinsa ya jagoranci dakin ajiye gawa na sadaukarwa. Ya iya ba rashin mutuwa, duk da dangi, da kuma wannan gini an nuni da cewa talakawa Masarawa sun samu dama ga afterlife.

Wurare da dama a mutummutumai Fir'auna

A cikin tsarki tudu da yawa shugabanni na Misira da kuma uwansu da aka binne shi, amma wasu ba su da wata guda ke sanya shi. Amma a kan m sculptures, same ta archaeologists, ya bayyana a matsayin gwamnan Khafre Allah. Fir'auna na zamanin d Misira aka wakilta tare da wata doka game da wuya a kan ta kai, kuma babu wani dan mutum-mutumi da aka ba son wasu. Masu bincike yi imani da cewa a cikin waɗannan kwanaki da shi da aka haramta, don samar da m guda.

Sassaka, da farko ya ginu a cikin rami a daya daga cikin dakunan da dala, aka daga baya jefa daga gare su, kuma suka sami tarkacen wani bincike kungiyar a 1860. Abin baƙin ciki, wasu daga cikin mutummutumai sun rasa kai da kuma jiki.

Known da kyau kiyaye alabaster mutum-mutumi na Fir'auna Khafre, housed a Alkahira Museum. Daga cikin farfado ne mai zaman kansa tara Fir'auna kai tare da roba kambi na farin launi. University of Leipzig ne girman kai na mulkin a festive riguna, eyelids aka yi wa ado da jan karfe faranti.

The fi shahara mutum-mutumi na diorite

Amma da duniya-sanannen ya aiwatar da wani cikakken tsawon duhu, tare da haske veins, diorite mutum-mutumi Fir'auna. Khafre, wanda ya yi mulki zamanin d Misira, da nuna alfahari a zaune a kan gadon sarautarsa, wanda ake gani a kasa na da alama flower na lotus da Papyrus. fuskar sarki da serene kuma ba ya bayyana wani damuwa.

Jiki cin halĩfa Allah a duniya, ado a cikin wani gajeren loincloth, embodies da cikakken zaman lafiya, da kuma shi ya dubi yadda idan directed har abada.

Statue Fir'auna Khafre daga cikin Haikali a Giza

A lokacin da na al'ada shawl rufe ta kai shi ne a shaho, hugging da kuma kare girma Fir'auna shimfiɗaɗɗu ne fuka-fuki. Saboda haka Zagayawar da halin da Allah Horus - babban wani sarari suKe karfi, shaguna, a duk cikin sarakunan Misira da kuma ƙasarsu. Daya hannunka Khafre annashuwa kwance a gwiwa, da kuma sauran mai kauri riko. A kasa na kursiyin, kusa da danda ƙafa na m, niƙe sunansa.

Goge-mutumi Fir'auna Khafre, da watsuwar wanda shi ne da yawa muhawara a tsakanin masana kimiyya, rike ta kasa warwaruwa asiri ga wannan rana. An yi imani da cewa irin wannan idon basira image ne batun da hadisai na zamanin d canons: cewa kurwa da matacce iya shigar da mutum-mutumi, shi ya wajaba don gane da mutum-mutumi. Kuma kawai sai ruhun m, kuma ya dauki buƙatun cika duk hadayu.

duniya fitacciyar

Za mu iya cewa duniya ta zama wani real fitacciyar da kuma wani fitaccen mai tarihi abin tunawa daga diorite mutum-mutumi Fir'auna. Khafre (photo sculptures gabatar a wannan labarin) ya nuna wani sha'aninsu dabam m, kasancewa waje na mutum sha'awa. Da alama cewa kurwa mai sulhu hovers wani wuri high, kyalewa teku na rayuwa.

Wane ne ba a sani ba sculptor, kunã mãsu alfãhari sarrafa m dutse kuma da kyau ake bayyana da mafi kyau fasali, shi ba a san ya zuwa yanzu. Kuma ko da wannan mutumin ya?

The mutum-mutumi na Fir'auna Khafre, samu a 1860 a Giza, daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci guda a Alkahira Museum. Wannan shi ne wani Firayim misali na matakin qarshe na ci gaba na zamanin d Masar art da al'adu.

sassaka Asirin da Sphinx da Khafre

Babban sha'awa ba kawai talakawa masoya na zamanin d tarihi, amma masu bincike a fadin duniya ne mutum-mutumi na Fir'auna. Khafre, dauke tsakanin Masarawa bauta wa wani abin bautãwa na umurce su da su sassaƙa fuskarsa a kan wani babban mutum-mutumi karshe gano ta karni Layer na yashi a cikin XX karni.

Muna magana ne game da mafi m da kuma monumental sassaka, da farin ciki cikin zukatan masana kimiyya, da kuma m mutane na duk matafiya. Fice sassaka, sassaka daga farar ƙasa, haifar da wani yawa na muhawara. Mafi girma mu'ujiza da na Misira ne a matsayin guda abun da ke ciki tare da Khafre funerary hadaddun, kuma fuskar Sphinx kama gaban Fir'auna

Matsara na pyramids

Sassaka daga dutse matsara dala, located a ta kafa, bisa ga masana kimiyya, gina a zamanin mulkin Khafre. Masarawa wanda aka nuna shi kamar zaki, wanda ake neman zuwa Gabas, da kuma na uku ido ya kalli fitowar rana da kuma faɗuwar rana haske.

Royal alama ce, bisa labari, ko da yaushe farkakku ne, don haka kamar yadda ba su karya hanya na rãnã. Ancient Masarawa yi imani da cewa misalta daji Cats gani da da dare, ba rufe idanunsa ga wata na biyu. Sphinxes aka gina a gaban pyramids, kuma sunã nẽman ta kare ragowar na ikonsa na Allahntaka mai mulkin 'yan fashi hari.

A cikin mutum-mutumi, kwafi gaban Fir'auna, babu hanci, wanda ya sa da yawa daga theories, yadda wannan zai iya faruwa. Wasu malamai sun karkata zuwa imani da zargin mayar da igwa ball a lokacin yaki na Napoleon kan Turks, amma da yawa yi imani da cewa wannan ɓangare na fuska ya tafi ga dama ƙarni kafin ma waki'ar ta auku.

Wasanin gwada ilimi, da farin ciki masana kimiyya

Babu tsira tsoho daftarin aiki daga waɗanda sau, wanda zai yi da aka ambata cikin babbar mutum-mutumi na ashirin da mita da kuma tsawon fiye da hamsin da biyar. Wasu masu bincike ya yi imanin cewa sphinx da fuska irin ta zaki da aka gina ta da wani wayewa tun kafin zamanin da Masarawa, da kuma yancin Khafre ya so ya bar wani memory na kansa, kuma umurce su da su canza image, yankan saukar da shi ga hanya.

By da version cewa yi na dala ne a hankali alaka da dan hanya baki, da yawa masu bincike suna karkata, la'akari da shekaru ashirin da gina musamman abin tunawa daga ma kananan wani lokaci domin gina wannan monumental gine-gine.

A masanin kimiyya R. Hoagland, ya dade da tsunduma a cikin binciken na hotunan daga cikin Martian surface, ni na sami wata dala da mutum-mutumi tsakaitã mutum fuskoki kama Masar.

Akuma daga mutummutumai makamashi

Etched a dutse mutum-mutumi Fir'auna Khafre da Horus shaho buga wani musamman girma da kuma na zamani da kayan ado aminci fuska da wani iko da sarki. Ya ce "live" makamashi emanating daga diorite mutummutumai.

Kowane mutum na da gagarumin tasiri sassaka mutum-mutumi na Fir'auna. Khafre wanda aka nuna a matsayin realistically kamar yadda zai yiwu, ba su biya wani da hankali ga duniya duniya, kayyade masa m kallo zuwa nan gaba.

A zamanin d Masar wayewa ne a wani sauri ya bayyana duk ta asĩri. Masana kimiyya da hannu a gudanar da bincike na pyramids, sun yi gargadin cewa sabon binciken, lalle zã zama real tura wa 'yan adam. Kuma muna kawai da jira ...