A ɓangaren da na tundra. Kasa matsayi na tundra

Tundra maida hankali ne akan yankin arewacin Rasha da kuma Canada. A yanayi na da in mun gwada wanda bai isa ba, da kuma sauyin yanayi da aka dauke su mai tsanani. Saboda wadannan halaye, shi ya samu wani sunan - Arctic hamada. Idan muka yi la'akari da Gwargwadon wuri na tundra, za mu iya ganin cewa, a wannan yanki na tsibirin suna located a cikin Arctic Ocean da kuma arewacin Rasha da kuma Canada.

location tundra

Arctic hamada lullube m tsiri tare da bakin tekun na Arctic Ocean. Ga sauyin yanayi ne m, kuma ba high yanayin zafi da kuma yanayi ne sparse da tsumburai. A tundra hunturu yana watanni tara, kuma a lokacin rani ne kyawawan sanyi.

Lower yanayin zafi kai ga cewa ƙasa freezes da thaws ba gaba daya, amma kawai a saman Layer da zai iya narkar. A wannan halitta yanki ba ya sadu da gandun daji da kuma tsayi itatuwa. Wannan yanki ne mai arziki a cikin swamps, rivulets, mosses, lichens, Dwarf Bishiyoyi da shuke-shuke da suke iya tsira a irin wannan mai kauri sauyin yanayi. Su m mai tushe da kananan tsawo daidai adapting ga sokin sanyi iskõki.

A kan manyan yankunan za a iya gani glaciers da dutse filayen. A tundra akwai da yawa m kananan m tabkuna. Musamman shi za a iya gani a kan taswira na Canada, Rasha, Finland. A ɓangaren da na tundra inganta yalwatacce high ruwa na gudãna.

Mene ne ban sha'awa game da wannan arewacin zone

Yana iya a lura da iri-irin ɓangaren da na tundra. Daga arewa da na kudu accrued uku subzones. A cikin Arctic Ocean ne Arctic subzone, to, shi ne maye gurbinsu da gansakuka da lichen, kudu kara yankin, kunsha na Dwarf Birch, cloudberry bushes da iyakacin duniya Willows. A tundra kanta ne da kyau sosai. A lokacin rani za ka iya ganin yadda shi sparkles da haske launuka. All godiya ga bushes na blueberries, blueberry, lingonberry, Cranberry.

A sauyin yanayi a cikin Arctic Hamada

Latitude tundra da low shekara-shekara radiation balance. Winter a cikin wannan yanki shi ne dogon - takwas, ko ma watanni tara. Ga akwai dada kyau iyakacin duniya dare. A sanyi weather, sanyi da iska - a saba sabon abu. Winter Janairu zazzabi for Turai tundra yana Manuniya zuwa 10 digiri Celsius. Duk da haka, a wajen gabas da sauyin yanayi ne da nahiyar. Saboda haka Janairu zazzabi iya isa -50 digiri Celsius da kasa.

Summer yana sosai tsawo, shi ne sanyi da iska, akwai wani dogon iyakacin duniya rana. Yawanci, da talakawan zafin jiki na iska a watan Yuli na ba fiye da 4 digiri, sau da yawa gani drizzling ruwan sama da kuma hazo. A ɓangaren da na Rasha a cikin tundra - wani sashi na yammacin ɓangare na kasar da kuma zuwa ga Bering mashigar. Yana bautarka 1/6 na dukan ƙasar. A Siberia akwai mafi girma nesa daga arewa zuwa kudu.

M snowstorms da windstorms - da saba sabon abu a yankin. Su ne don haka m cewa suna iya buga saukar ba kawai mutum, amma kuma barewa.

Mene ne tundra a bazara

Mene ne ɓangaren da na tundra a lokacin rani? A wannan lokaci na shekara za ka iya samun edible namomin kaza da kuma da dama dadi berries, wanda mika wani m kafet, kuma har yanzu za a iya gani waje kiwo awaki na reindeer girman kai. Saboda haka suka nemi su abinci a lokacin rani. Deer ci dukan abin da suke gani: lichens, ganyen shrubs. A cikin hunturu, sun kuma sami wani abincinsu kamar yadda reindeer gansakuka.

musamman Flora

A kwayoyin duniya na tundra matalauta. Tundra-gley kasa na wannan sashi shi ne da wuya m, kamar yadda su ne gaba daya daskararre. Ba dukan tsire-tsire na iya tsira a cikin matsananci yanayi na Arewa, inda suka haka kadan zafi da hasken rana. Mafi na duk yana zaunar saukar lichens da kuma mosses, iyakacin duniya poppies, black crowberry, rasberi, Loyd daga baya, sedge mechelistnaya, saxifrage, snow buttercup da sauransu. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna da wani sabon abu bi domin gida mazaunan namun daji. Abin da sauran ganye za a iya lura a wannan yanki? Game da 300 jinsunan flowering shuke-shuke da kuma kusan 800 jinsuna daban na lichens da kuma mosses.

All tsire-tsire ne Dwarf. A ake kira "Forest" za ka iya tafi kawai su gwiwa, da kuma "itatuwa" zai zama ba fãce wani naman kaza. A ɓangaren da na tundra ba dace da gandun daji, da kuma duk saboda m permafrost, wanda ta ci gaba tsawon shekaru da dama.

Animals tundra

A kan m m gaba za a iya gani rasshumevshihsya tsuntsaye. A ɓangaren da na halitta tundra dabbobi ga waɗanda suka fi son teku. Manyan yawa na ruwa - cikakken mazauninsu for waterfowl: geese, ducks, loons. Za ka iya samun passerines, shorebirds, waterfowl, fari geese, peregrine Falcons, tundra Partridge, skylark. Ga kuma bã ku sãmun mai rarrafe da kafafu, amma da wakilan halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, frogs za a iya samu. Amma duk da haka arziki a fauna zomo, fox, weasels, Foxes, Wolves, iyakacin duniya da kuma ruwan kasa beyar, Musk Musk shanu, da, ba shakka, reindeer. Lake tundra arziki a cikin wani m kewayon kifi - kifi, Dall.

Reindeer - wani alama na Arctic hamada

Su ne ba kadai alama, amma kuma wata alama ce, wanda shi ne girman kai na tundra zone. A Gwargwadon wuri na wadannan dabbobi ne sosai dadi to zauna. Sun zama ba kawai a bude wuraren kafararsa, amma kuma a kan tsibiran Arctic Ocean. Kuma shi ne kawai iyali na hoofed dabbobi da cewa zai iya zama a nan. Big ƙahonin, za mu iya kalla biyu a su maza da mãtã. Main wutar lantarki reindeer - tundra shuke-shuke. Yana lichens (gansakuka), kodan, ciyawa, kananan harbe na shrubs. A cikin hunturu, ba za su iya samar da shuke-shuke daga karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, da kuma wajen gutsura ya hooves.

The gashi barewa a cikin hunturu lokacin farin ciki da tsawo, da raya undercoat (don zafi riƙewa a mai tsanani sanyi). A lokacin rani, shi ya zama mafi rare da sauki. Summer deer launi - daga m zuwa launin ruwan kasa. A cikin hunturu shi ne mafi yawa fari. A musamman tsarin damar reindeer hooves nasarar da sauri motsawa ta cikin swamps da kuma zurfin snow. Wannan gregarious dabbobi da polygamous.

A cikin hunturu da suka matsawa zuwa wuraren da akwai m Yagelnaya makiyaya. Da ɗaya da ɗari ko fiye kilomita na mazauninsu a lokacin rani - ba matsala domin hunturu hijirarsa na reindeer. Sun zubar da babu fiye da sau daya a shekara. Wannan dabba ne m, yana da babban ji na wari, kuma zai iya ko iyo. Deer su kyauta iyo a fadin lake da kogin.

aka gyara yanayi a tundra zone a matsayin m

Idan muka yi la'akari da Gwargwadon wuri na tundra, zai iya yiwuwa a lura da cewa a kudancin gandun daji ta fara. Saboda haka fãra tundra. Yana lullube tare kudancin iyaka da tundra. Ga shi ne kadan warmer - a lokacin rani da zazzabi kai 14 digiri Celsius. A cikin gandun daji sami mafi girma ruwan sama, wanda ba shi da lokaci zuwa ƙafe. Kamar wancan akwai dausayi. Babban abinci ga na gida da cikakken-gudãna kogin da aka narke snow. A watan farko na bazara - ganiya da Ruwan Tsufana. A ɓangaren da na tundra zone hankali bada hanya zuwa tundra.

Man da ya dade fara zuwa karatu a arewacin yankin. A hankali cikin wuri mai faɗi da kara a hayin Arctic Circle, mafi lugar kuma sāke. Offshore kama kifi - babban zama na arewacin mutãnensu, da Chukchi da Eskimos. Nemi gida dabbobi aza su hadisai na abinci da kuma style of tufafi. Nama na marine rai, venison da kifi da kaji - babban abinci. Saboda farauta da reindeer herding, Jawo konkoma karãtunsa fãtun suna samar, da kuma sauran dabbobi, wanda aka yi amfani a matsayin tufafi.

A tundra ne halin da tundra

Tundra dake a cikin Shiyyar tsakanin tundra da taiga. A kogin kwaruruka iya riga a gani a kan gandun daji tare da tsayi itatuwa. Wannan daban-daban ɓangaren da na tundra da gandun daji tundra. A nan, tsakanin koguna za a iya samu kananan tsibiran Dwarf itatuwa da lichen murfin. Summers ne warmer da kuma dogon. Saboda gaban bishiyoyi, da iska gudun nan ba ji kamar karfi kamar a cikin tundra, inda ƙasa ne gaba daya a bude.

Kau da gandun daji tundra zuwa cikin teku na taimaka wa mai tsanani winters da karfi frosts. Thawed ƙasa yawa da zurfi da kuma ci gaba da permafrost aka lura kawai a wasu wurare. Babban ikon kõguna suna kuma narke snow.