Devonian lokaci na Paleozoic zamanin

Sashen Devonian lokaci (420 - 358 da miliyan shekaru da suka wuce) ne farkon Late Paleozoic. A wannan lokacin akwai mutane da yawa biotic events matukar yin tasiri a kara ci gaba da rayuwa a duniya. Devonian tsarin da aka shigar a 1839 da masana kimiyya Adam Sedgwick da Roderick Murchison a cikin harshen Turanci County na Devonshire, bayan wanda shi ne mai suna.

Biota

A kan Hauwa'u na da Devonian taro nau'i nau'i faru da kwayoyin duniya. Mutane da yawa jinsunan, musamman tartsatsi a cikin duniya, kawai iri na tafi kuma ya bace. A wurin da suke akwai sabon kungiyoyin dabbobi da shuke-shuke. Sũ ne waɗanda suka sanin abin da kama da Flora da fauna da Devonian lokaci.

Akwai wani real juyin juya halin. Yanzu rai ya ɓullo ba kawai a cikin teku, da ruwa tare jikinsu, amma kuma a kan ƙasar. Tartsatsi ƙasar vertabrate kuma terrestrial ciyayi. Devonian lokaci, da Flora da fauna da ci gaba da halittu farfadowa, alama da zargin da farko Ammonawa (cephalopods). Yana samu heyday bryozoans, rugosa, wasu iri m brachiopods.

Rayuwa a cikin tẽku

A ci gaba da kwayoyin duniya ya rinjayi ba kawai da na halitta juyin halitta, amma kuma da sauyin yanayi na Devonian lokaci, kazalika da m tectonic ƙungiyoyi da kuma tasiri na sarari (a matsayin dukan) canje-canje a cikin yanayi na mazauninsu. Rayuwa a cikin tẽku ya zama mafi bambancin matsayin idan aka kwatanta da Silurian. Devonian lokaci na Paleozoic zamanin ne halin da m cin gaban daban-daban nau'in kifi (da wasu masana kimiyya da kuma yi kira da shi "kama kifi lokaci"). A lokaci guda shi ya fara Fading tsistoidey, Nautiloidea, trilobites da graptolites.

Matsakaicin yawan haihuwar da kai m brachiopods. Musamman bambance bambancen sun spiriferidy, atripidy, rinhonellidy da terebratulidy. Species richness kuma m canzawa a lokaci sãɓã wa jũna brachiopods. Wannan kungiya ne mafi muhimmanci ga masana binciken burbushin halittu da kuma geologists da hannu a wani cikakken dissection na adibas.

Devonian lokaci, wanda dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke suna bambanta da] imbin bambancin a kwatanta da mu tun zamunan baya, juya a kira su da muhimmanci ga ci gaban da murjani. Tare da stromatoporoideyami bryozoans da suka fara shiga a cikin shiri na reefs. Suka taimaka da wani iri-iri calcareous algae, wanda aka sanaki da Devonian teku.

Kwaro da vertabrate

Daga cikin kwaro samo asali ostracods, merostomes, tentaculites, blastoids, teku Lily, teku urchins, Sponges, gastropods da Conodonts. Kamar yadda ragowar karshe masana a yau domin sanin da shekaru sedimentary kankara.

Devonian lokaci alama ta kara muhimmancin vertabrate. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, shi ne "kifi Century" - sulke, fitar kasusuwan jikinsu da kuma cartilaginous kifi shagaltar da wani rinjaye matsayi. Daga wannan taro Gungura zuwa Sabuwar ƙungiya. Sun kasance jawless kifi-kamar kwayoyin. Me ake wadannan vertabrate wadãta? Alal misali, a plastinokozhih da sulke kifi gaban jiki da kuma shugaban aka rufe da lokacin farin ciki m harsashi - wani hukunci shaida a gwagwarmayar rayuwa. Wadannan halittu sãɓã wa jũna a sedentary salon. A tsakiyar Devonian ba kawai guringuntsi, amma Akulovo. The rinjaye matsayin su shagaltar da daga baya - a cikin Mesozoic.

ciyayi

A bi da bi, aka rabu da Silurian Devonian lokaci, ya tsananta shuka samun ƙasar. Yana fara da m sake ma su matsugunni da kuma karbuwa ga sabon nazarin sasannin rayuwarsa. Early da Sredniy Devon shige karkashin mulkin a ƙasa na m jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke Rhyniophyta cewa ya yi girma a cikin swampy yankunan. By ƙarshen zamani suna dadaddun ko'ina. A tsakiyar Devonian riga ya wanzu spore shuke-shuke (chlenistostebelnye, Lycopodiaceae da ferns).

farko gymnosperms bayyana. Shrub samo asali a cikin itacen. Musamman vigorously yada heterosporous ferns. M ƙasa da ciyayi ci gaba a cikin jihohin bakin teku, inda akwai mai dumi, m kuma gumi sauyin yanayi. Distance daga Duniya ta teku a lokacin har yanzu wanzu ba tare da wani ciyayi.

sauyin yanayi

A Devonian lokaci ne halin da mai bayyana zonation na sauyin yanayi idan aka kwatanta da farkon na Paleozoic. Gabas Evopeyskaya dandali da kuma Ural sun kasance a cikin Equatorial zone (talakawan zafin jiki 28 - 31 ° C), Caucasus - wurare masu zafi da bel (23 - 28 ° C). A irin wannan halin da ake ciki ta wanzu a Yammacin Australia.

M sauyin yanayi (bushe hamada sauyin yanayi) kafa a Canada. A wannan lokaci a cikin ƙasa na lardunan Saskatchewan da Alberta, kazalika a MacKenzie River tasa an aiki aiwatar da gishiri jari. Wannan rarrabe alama a North America bar baya da Devonian lokaci. Ma'adanai tara a wasu yankuna. A cikin Siberian Platform wani kimberlite bututu sun zama manyan lu'u-lu'u adibas.

rigar yankuna

A cikin marigayi Devonian a Eastern Siberia karuwa humidification fara, saboda wanda ya bayyana yadudduka wadãtar a manganese oxides, da baƙin ƙarfe hydroxides. A lokaci guda gumi sauyin yanayi ya halayyar wasu yankunan na Gondwana (Uruguay, Argentina, ta Kudu Australia). Ya aka bambanta da high zafi, wanda da dama ruwan sama mafi girma daga iya seep a cikin ƙasa, kuma ƙafe.

A wadannan yankuna (as kyau kamar yadda a cikin arewa-maso-gabas da kuma kudu Asia) zaunar Reef iri-iri tara Reef limestones. A Belarus, Kazakhstan, kuma Siberia zuwa kafa wani m danshi. A farkon Devonian kafa manyan yawan Semi-ware da kuma ya zama ruwan dare waha a cikin abin da gidaje da aka ware fauna. By ƙarshen zamani na da bambanci tsakanin farkon zuwa blur.

ma'adanai

A Devonian a yankuna da gumi canjin yanayin sun kafa mafi tsoho a duniya ci seams. Wadannan adibas hada da adibas a Norway, kuma Timan. By da Devonian man fetur da kuma iskar gas qazanta sãsanni ne Pechora da Volga-Urals yankuna. A wannan za a iya ce da irin wannan adibas Amurka, Canada, da Sahara da kuma Amazon tasa.

A wannan lokaci, a cikin Urals kuma a Tatarstan fara da nunawa reserves tama. A yankuna da m sauyin yanayi kafa m strata na potash (Canada da Belarus). Volcanic bayyananen sun jagoranci da jari na jan-pyrite ores a Arewa Caucasus da kuma a kan m gangara na Urals. Duk wani gubar-tutiya, da baƙin ƙarfe-manganese ajiya a Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan.

tectonics

By farkon Devonian a Arewa Atlantic yankin, da kuma ciwon fara jutting dutsen Tsarin (Northern Greenland, Northern Tien Shan, Altai). Euramerica a lokacin da aka located a Equatorial latitudes, Siberia, Korea da kuma China - a cikin temperate latitudes. Gondwana aka gaba ɗaya a kudancin yammancin duniya.

Euramerica kafa a farkon Devonian. Dalilin da ya faru shi ne karo na Gabashin Turai da Arewacin Amirka. Wannan nahiyar dandana zafin Kiwon (zuwa babba har rarraba kunya). Products na ta yashewa (a cikin nau'i na ja clastic sediments) tara a kasar Birtaniya, Greenland, Spitsbergen da Scandinavia. Tare da sabon folded dutsen Tsarin (Musulunci tsarin na Arewa Appalachians da Newfoundland), da arewa maso yammacin kuma kudu Euramerica kewaye.

Mafi yawa daga cikin Gabas Turai Platform ne mai low qananan m watersheds. Kawai a arewa maso yamma kusa da Birtaniya-Scandinavian mobile bel sanya low duwãtsu, kuma manyan tsaunuka. A cikin rabi na biyu na Devonian lokaci, da basest sassa na gabashin Turai dandali aka flooded da bahar. A jihar bakin teku filayen kwarinta yada ja-kala. A karkashin yanayi na high, gwargwado a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na teku tasa tara adibas dolomite, gypsum, dutse gishiri.