Mazauninsu yanayi. Definition rarrabuwa da kuma

Kowane kwayoyin, yawan, jinsunan mazauninsu wanzu - wannan bangare na halitta da na kewaye da dukan abubuwa masu rai, kuma shi yana da wani sakamako, kai tsaye ko tsaye ba. Shi ne saboda yana daukan duk dole kwayoyin wanzu, shi ne kuma samfurin na rayuwa. Mazauninsu yanayi a daban-daban kwayoyin ba daya suke ba. Kamar yadda suka ce, shi ne mai kyau daya, to, da sauran - mutuwa. Yana da aka hada da wani jam'i na Organic da inorganic abubuwa da shafi wasu irin.

rarrabuwa

Rarrabe tsakanin halitta da kuma wucin gadi mazauninsu yanayi. A farko - cikin halitta, data kasance da farko. Na biyu - halitta ta mutum. A yanayi ne zuwa kashi ƙasar, iska, gona, ruwa. Akwai mazauninsu da kwayoyin ciki amfani da parasites.

habitats da rai yanayi muhalli

Yanayi na zama - wadanda muhalli abubuwan da suke da muhimmanci ga wasu iri kwayoyin. A m ba tare da kasancewar shi ne ba zai yiwu ba. Wadannan sun hada da, misali, iska, danshi, ƙasa, kuma haske da zafin rana. Wannan fifiko yanayi. A bambanci, akwai wasu dalilai da cewa ba haka ba ne m. Alal misali, iska ko yanayi matsa lamba. Saboda haka, rai muhalli da kuma yanayi na zama na kwayoyin - da ra'ayi ne daban-daban. Farko - a na kowa, na biyu - suturta kawai ne ga waɗanda yanayi, ba tare da wanda mai shuka, ko wani mai rai jiki ba zai iya zama.

muhalli dalilai

Waɗannan duka su ne abubuwa na yanayi da cewa zai iya shafar - kai tsaye ko a kaikaice - by rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan dalilai sa da kwayoyin karbuwa (ko Na'urar martani). Abiotic - wannan sakamako inorganic abubuwa matattun (gona abun da ke ciki, ta sinadaran Properties, haske, zazzabi, zafi). Biotic dalilai - siffofin rinjayar rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a kan juna. Wasu jinsunan ne abinci ga wasu, ana amfani da pollination da waste, da sauran effects. Anthropogenic - ayyukan mutane da shafi namun daji. Kadaici da wannan kungiyar tana da alaka da gaskiyar cewa a yau al'adar Duniya ta biosphere ne kusan a hannun mutum.

Mafi yawa daga cikin sama dalilai - mazauninsu yanayi. Wasu suna a aiwatar da gyare-gyare, yayin da wasu ne m. Sun canja dangane da lokaci na rana, misali, da sanyaya kuma Warming. Mutane da yawa dalilai (wannan mazauninsu yanayi) na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar wasu kwayoyin, yayin da wasu - yi a qananan. Ga misali, kasar gona gishiri gwamnatin ne na bayar da muhimmanci a shuka ma'adinai abinci mai gina jiki, da kuma dabbobi - ba haka ba ne mai muhimmanci ga wannan yanki.

Kare Mahalli

Saboda haka muna kira da kimiyya da karatu a kan yanayin da yanayi na kwayoyin da kuma dangantakarsu da shi. Domin da farko lokacin da ajalin da aka ayyana ta da Jamus halitta Haeckal a 1866. Duk da haka, rayayye ci gaba kimiyya ya zama kawai da shekaru 30 na karni na karshe.

Muciya da noosphere

A totality of duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya da ake kira biosphere. Yana hada mutane. Kuma ba kawai ya hada da, amma kuma yana da wani aiki da tasiri a Muciya kanta, musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Saboda haka a miƙa mulki ga noosphere (Vernadsky a kan terminology). Noosphere ya shafi ba kawai m amfani da albarkatun kasa da kuma kimiyya, amma kuma a duniya a gwiwa domin kare mu na kowa gida - duniyarmu.

Sharuddan cikin ruwa habitats

Ruwa yana dauke da shimfiɗar jariri, da rayuwa. Mutane da yawa daga cikin dabbobi data kasance a cikin ƙasa, yana da kakanninsu da suke zaune a wannan muhalli. Tare da samuwar wasu iri ƙasa daga ruwa, kuma ya zama na farko halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, sa'an nan samo asali a cikin ƙasa. Ruwa ya rufe da yawa daga cikin duniya. Mutane da yawa kwayoyin da suke zaune a cikinsa - hydrophiles, wato, ba su bukatar wani karbuwa ga muhalli.

Da farko, daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da yanayi - ne da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na ruwa yanayi. A daban-daban jikin ruwa, yana da daban-daban. Alal misali, kananan tabkuna gishiri gwamnatin - 0,001% salts. A sabo ne manyan jikin ruwa - har zuwa 0.05%. Marine - 3.5%. A Saline nahiyar tabkuna gishiri matakin kai fiye da 30%. Tare da kara, gwargwado matalauta fauna. Known ruwa jikinsu inda babu rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

A muhimmanci rawa a muhalli da yanayi irin abubuwan da hydrogen sulfide ciki. Alal misali, a cikin zurfin na Black Sea (kasa mita 200) duk inda ba wanda yake zaune, sai ga hydrogen sulfide kwayoyin. Kuma duk saboda yawan abun ciki na wannan gas a cikin matsakaici.

Yana da muhimmanci jiki Properties na ruwa: nuna gaskiya, matsa lamba, kwarara kudi. Wasu dabbobi rayuwa ne kawai a bayyana ruwa, wani daban-daban m, kuma a cike da laka. Wasu shuke-shuke rayuwa a cikin m ruwa, yayin da wasu fi son zuwa tafiya a kan.

Ga zurfin teku mazaunan babu haske da kuma gaban matsin lamba - da overriding yanayi na zama.

shuke-shuke

Sharuddan na mazauninsu na shuke-shuke da aka ƙaddara da yawa dalilai: da abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, da gaban haske, zazzabi hawa da sauka. Idan wani ruwa shuka - da sharuddan da ruwa yanayi. MUHIMMIN - gaban gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, halitta watering da kuma ban ruwa (na albarkatun gona). Mutane da yawa daga cikin shuke-shuke suna daura takamaiman yanayin zones. A wasu wuraren da ba za su iya tsira, balle ninka da kuma samar da zuriya. Ornamental shuke-shuke, saba wa wani "hothouse" yanayi bukatar wucin gadi mazauninsu. A waje muhallin, za su iya ba tsira.

a kan ƙasa

Domin da yawa shuka da dabbobi jinsunan dacewa ƙasa mazauninsu. muhalli da yanayi dogara da dalilai da dama. Wadannan sun hada da sauyin yanayi zones, canza zazzabi, da kuma sinadaran jiki abun da ke ciki na kasar gona. A duniya kamar yadda yake a cikin ruwa ga wasu kyau daya ga sauran - da sauran. Amma a general, kasar gona mazauninsu na samar da tsari zuwa yawa jinsunan shuke-shuke da dabbobi da cewa rayuwa a duniya.