Fahrenheit zazzabi sikelin da kuma sauran

Auna da yawan zafin jiki daga mutãne koya game da 400 da suka wuce. Amma da farko na'urorin da cewa kama yau thermometers, ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin X V III karni. Kirkiro na farko ma'aunin zafi da sanyio ya zama wani masanin kimiyya Gabriel Fahrenheit. Kamar 'yan daban-daban da zazzabi ma'aunan da aka ƙirƙira a duniya, wasu daga cikinsu sun fi shahara da kuma har yanzu suna a amfani, wasu hankali fadi cikin disuse.

Zazzabi sikelin - a tsarin na zazzabi dabi'u cewa za a iya kwatanta ta da juna. Tun da yawan zafin jiki ba ya koma zuwa yawa da za a kai tsaye auna, da darajar dangantaka da ta canji na jihar zafin jiki na wani abu (msl, ruwa). A duk yawan zafin jiki Sikeli ayan biyu ajali maki m zuwa zaba mika mulki zafin jiki na thermometric abubuwa a daban-daban bulan. Wannan ake kira reference maki. Misalai na reference maki iya bauta ruwan batu na ruwa, da kuma solidification batu na zinariya m. P. Daya daga cikin maki da aka dauka a matsayin asalin. A tazara tsakanin su ne zuwa kashi wani yawan daidai segments wanda aka ware. Per naúrar zazzabi ji karbuwa a duniya daya mataki.

A mafi m, kuma sun karbi mafi tartsatsi a cikin duniya da zazzabi sikelin - sikelin da Celsius kuma Fahrenheit. Duk da haka, dubi domin na data kasance sikelin da kuma kokarin kwatanta su a cikin sharuddan sauƙi na amfani da m amfanin. Mafi shahara daga biyar Sikeli:

1. Fahrenheit sikelin da aka kirkiro ta hanyar Fahrenheit, wani Bajamushe masanin kimiyya. Daya sanyi hunturu rana a 1709 da Mercury a ma'aunin zafi da sanyio masanin kimiyyar ya ragu zuwa wani sosai low zafin jiki, wanda ya samarwa dauki matsayin sifili a kan wani sabon sikelin. Wani reference nufi shi ne yawan zafin jiki na jikin mutum. Misãlin zafin jiki na ruwa a kan ta sikelin karfe + 32 °, da kuma tafasar zafin jiki na + 212 °. Fahrenheit ba musamman tsara da kuma dadi. A baya can, an yi amfani da ko'ina a Turanci kasashen, yanzu - kusan na musamman a Amurka.

2. A wani sikelin da Reaumur ƙirƙira by Faransa masanin kimiyya Rene De Reaumur a 1731, da ƙananan reference nufi shi ne sanyinsu na ruwa. A sikelin dogara ne a kan yin amfani da barasa, wanda yana faɗaɗa idan mai tsanani ga Digiri aka soma dubbai ɓangare na barasa girma a tafki, kuma tube a sifili. Yanzu wannan sikelin fadi cikin disuse.

3. centigrade (Celsius Anders Swede samarwa a 1742 a shekara) soma matsayin sifili aya daga cikin cakuda kankara da ruwa (da yawan zafin jiki a da kankara narke), wani babban batu - da yawan zafin jiki a wadda ruwa tafasa. A tazara tsakanin su da aka yanke shawarar da za a rarraba su zuwa 100 sassa, da kuma wani sashi aka dauka a matsayin sashi ne na auna - digiri Celsius. Wannan sikelin ne mafi m fiye da Fahrenheit da Reaumur sikelin, yanzu amfani da ko'ina.

4. Kelvin Scale aka ƙirƙira a 1848 da Ubangiji Kelvin (William Thomson, English masanin kimiyya). Yana yayi dace da sifili aya daga cikin mafi ƙasƙanci yiwu zazzabi a wanda kwayoyin motsi kare abu. An rubuce lasafta darajar a karatu da kaddarorin gas. Centigrade wannan darajar yayi dace game da - 273 ° C, watau .. sifili Celsius ne daidai to 273 K. The naúrar na sabon sikelin da aka daya Kelvin (asali kira "Kelvin").

5. Rankin Scale (a kan Scottish likita William Rankine sunan) shi ne wannan manufa cewa Kelvin sikelin da girma daga cikin wannan, cewa Fahrenheit sikelin. Wannan tsarin kusan bai zama mai tartsatsi ne.

A yanayin zafi, wanda yake ba mu Fahrenheit da Celsius, za a iya sauƙi canza kama zuwa juna. Lokacin da fassara "a cikin zuciya" (t. E. Fast, ba tare da yin amfani da musamman alluna) Fahrenheit zuwa digiri Celsius wajibi ne don rage na farko yawan 32 raka'a kuma riɓaɓɓanya da 5/9. Conversely (daga Celsius zuwa Fahrenheit) - ninka asali darajar da 9/5 kuma ƙara 32. Don kwatanta, da zazzabi da cikakkar sifili Celsius - 273,15 °, domin Farengeytu- 459,67 °.