Dada - menene wannan? Wakilai Dada zanen

A cikin zamani, mutane biya musamman muhimmancin da al'adunsu da kuma ilimi ci gaba. Shi ne ba isa ya zama gwani a daya yankin domin ya kula da wani ban sha'awa tattaunawar a wani na fasaha kamfanin.

Don tsayar da tare da rayuwa da kuma ba rasa fuska a mawuyacin halin, dole ne mu kullum halittu farfadowa da koyi wani abu sabo.

Duk wanda ya wadãtu da kansa wani ilimi mutum da wani arziki Outlook, dole ne mu gane da ƙaramar Gaza art da kuma zanen, domin shi ne daya daga cikin na kowa batutuwa a tattaunawar wanda ba a sani mutane a wani na fasaha al'umma.

Akwai da yawa styles a daban-daban sau ƙirƙira by artists da kuma marubuta, daga gargajiya zuwa ɓarna, prim da anarchic karkashin kasa.

Yau muna magana game da daya daga cikin mafi yi magana game da styles karni na ashirin da - game Dada.

Dadaism: Definition

Kamar yadda ka sani, farkon karni na ashirin, mutane buga da su mugunta da kuma inhumanity. A dukan duniya ta zama wanda aka azabtar da yãƙi arko saboda son kai, illogical kuma ko da maniacal ayyuka na wasu 'yan siyasa. Sabani talakawa girma. Duk da wannan tashin hankali da kuma tara rashin fahimta daga abin da ke faruwa splashed ta hanyar shugabanci na kerawa a wannan lokaci.

Dada kanta - shi ne wani avant-garde art shugabanci, ya musanta dukkan dokokin da m launi hade bayyana Lines da lissafi siffofi. A 1916, artists, stunned munin yaki, mutanen gano wannan Trend in adabi, music, zanen, wasan kwaikwayo da kuma cinema. Wannan irin kitsch, sun yi kokarin bayyana abin da raini ga gwamnatin, ta cynicism, rashin bil'adama, dabaru, da kuma zaluntar wanda ya zama, a cikin ra'ayi, a cikin hanyar sabani tsakanin kasashen biyu.

Mabiyin waɗannan wurare kamar yadda dada - surrealism, wanda kuma ya ƙaryata ado.

Takaici, ji na meaninglessness na zama, fushi da kuma rashin bangaskiya a cikin wani farin ciki nan gaba - da cewa Sanadin wannan Trend, negating duk da dokokin da kyakkyawa.

Dada - style cewa a fili sun nuna rashin amincewa soja mataki da bourgeoisie, kokarin rashin tsari da kuma kwaminisanci.

Ina da sunan

Domin da take da irin wannan kwarara, gano jimlar meaninglessness da incomprehensibility na abin da ke faruwa a cikin ikon wadanda shekaru, ya zama dole a sami dace kalma.

Tristan Ttsana, kokarin samun dace sunan da sabuwar ƙirƙira style, leafed ta cikin ƙamus da harsuna na Negro kabilu da kuma zo fadin kalmar "dada".

Saboda haka Dada - An fassara daga harshen Afirka kabilar Crewe - wutsiya na saniya. Daga baya ya juya daga cewa a wasu yankuna na Italiya sun kira wani m da mahaifiyarsa, kazalika da "Dada" ne sosai kama da jariri babble.

The artist ji cewa mafi sunan ga wannan avant-garde shugabanci, kuma ba lallai ba ne.

The kafa kwarara

Dada aka haife a lokaci guda a Zurich da kuma New York, kowace kasa da kansa. Don cikin wadanda suka kafa na anti-ado yayi sun hada da: mawãƙi kuma marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo na Jamus Hugo Ball, Richard Hyulzenbeka, Samuel Rosenstock - Faransa da kuma Romanian mawãƙi (a Bayahude da kabila), wanda aka fi sani ga jama'a a karkashin sunan Tristan Tzara, da Jamus da kuma Faransa mawãƙi, sculptor da kuma zane-zane Arp Jean , da Jamus-Faransa artist Max Ernst da Marcel Janco - Isra'ila da Romanian fenta. Duk wadannan shahararrun mutane - mai haske wakilan Dadaism a zanen, adabi, music da kuma sauran fannoni na art.

A wuri, wanda ya zaba wa kanta, wannan rukuni na m mutane, ya "Cabaret Voltaire". Almanac bayar da Dadaists na lokaci, Bears sunan wannan ma'aikata.

Duk da cewa sama da mutum dauke da kafa tattauna da mu ba shakka, 'yan shekarun da suka gabata kafin ta kafa da aka sani a duniya duka "makaranta fuizma", halitta da artist Artur Sapekom kuma marubuci Alphonse Ale a cikin marigayi karni na sha tara, shi ya ci gaba da sana'arsa da kuma m ayyukan da kawo duk da asali matsayi na wannan shugabanci.

Mafi yawa daga cikin bohemian aiki a Dada style, zaunar a Faransa da kuma Jamus, a, inda ta hankali a lokacin garwaya da avant-garde da surrealism.

Dada a Rasha sami daraja da godiya da sanannen Moscow da kuma Rostov Nichevke wallafe-wallafen kungiyar, amma ta karshen ta zama.

By 1923, shi canza shugabanci na wani sabon da kuma dacewa da kasa jin zuciya trends. Dadaists retrained a expressionists da surrealists.

Dada zanen

A mafi mashahuri nau'i na art a cikin wannan salon da aka dauke su wani tarin: da yawa artists, dangane da wani m abu, manna ta daban-daban guda na canza launin takarda, zane, da kuma sauran ido-kamawa kayan.

Dada zanen ne futuristic da constructivist a cikin yanayi, inda ake son ne da aka ba da tsari na wucin gadi mechanized abubuwa, maimakon mutumin da ransa.

Fans na wannan Trend tare da su kerawa kokarin halaka gargajiya harshen al'ada a cikin za'a fadada ma'anarta.

All wakilan Dada art a cikin aikinsa gaba daya ƙaryatãwa duk ma'ana halaka samo asali kan ƙarni na ruhaniya da kuma zamantakewa canons, maimakon turawa parading m, m kuma wawa arealistichnostyu ya zane-zane da kuma collages. Duk da haka, suna da wani babban rabo mai girma, kamar yadda cikakken daidai da jihar na jama'a.

Babu more a hankali alaka da shugabanci na adabi fiye da Dada zanen. Artists na lokaci sun sau da yawa a hade, saboda haka, cewa mafi daukan hankali hanyar nuna a cikin ayyukansu a cikin wadannan yankuna biyu (R. Hausmann, G. Arp, K. Shviters, F. Picabia).

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, musamman tasiri a nan gaba na Dadaists da "fumizma" makaranta.

Wakilai Dada koya yawa daga cikin aikin da artist Marcel Duchamp ta ayyukansu avant-garde fuskantarwa a farkon ya aiki.

The zane-zane a cikin aikinsa ba da babbar rawa yau da kullum, unremarkable batutuwa da cewa a wasu hanya - ma Dadaism. Misalan aikinsa - a "wa Huɗama for cakulan №2» da kuma «A dabaran da bike."

Kerawa, artist, kazalika da duk Dadaists, ridicules babban burin da mafi muhimmanci aiki a art, kira ga 'yanci na art da hauka.

Dada a cikin sauti na music kuma shayari

Bugu da kari zuwa zane-zane, da Dadaists da kuma kama wasu yankunan na kerawa. Suka gudanar da hada a daya nuni zane-zane, m music, karanta wallafe-wallafen ayyukan da raye-raye.

Kurt Shviters - Dadaist, wanda ya zama kirkiro na sauti shayari, wanda ya kira "mai kyau waka." A wannan nau'i na gabatar da wallafe-wallafen labarin kõre da mai walƙiya tare da music, misali, nuna amon fadace-fadace a cikin waka. Wadannan kasidu sau da yawa gudanar da wani ji daga anti-yaki da atiburzhuaznoy overtones. Poets izgili da su iko da kafa kyawawan dabi'u.

Har ila yau, wani ɓangare na jama'a hadaya waqe cewa gaya ba kalmomi da phrases, da kuma kunshi wani sa na sauti, haruffa, sauti da kuma m music.

Dada - shi ne kuma music kawo ta wannan sanannen mutane kamar: Francis Pikebiya, Zhorzh Ribemon-Desey, Erwin Shulhoff, Hans Heusser, Albert Sévigny, Erik Satie. Su qagaggun sun m hali da kuma nuna jigon da dabba al'umma, shi ne ba ko da yaushe bayyana a cikin sauki mazauni.

Dancing a cikin wannan shugabanci, kuma, ba su sãɓã ba a sa na santsi da kuma related ƙungiyoyi, kayayyaki da kuma rawa aka sewn a cikin style of a wandar-wandar tafiyar maciji-cubism, cewa bai ƙara su zuwa ilmi.

Dadaists, gaji na kasa ƙiyayya, wanda ya kawo yaki, mafarki na m mutane na duniya zuwa gama a wata guda cikakke. Favorite Lines a "Cabaret Voltaire", wanda jũna a Bohemia kusa da yanayi, su ne: Afirka music, jazz da kuma wasa da balalaika.

Art a Jamus

A Jamus Dada - shi ne, a sama da dukan, harkokin siyasa, inda ya bayyana ta hanyar irin wannan wani abu ko da a karkashin kasa art.

Artistic kungiyoyin na kasar suna ba haka nanatawa da ƙarfi yana qaryata ma'anar kerawa, kamar yadda wakilan wannan salon a wasu jihohin. Ga Dada gwammace siyasa-zamantakewa hali da kuma nuna duk haushi na mutane lalacewa ta hanyar yaki da nasa sakamakon a cikin wani nau'i na fatattakakkun da kuma iya tashi daga gwiwoyi kasar.

Har ila yau da Jamusanci Dadaists H. Hench da G. Gross, a cikin ayyukansu, ya nuna juyayi ga Rasha, dake a wancan lokacin a Jihar juyin juya halin.

Dada a cikin karni na 20th har yanzu ya kawo gagarumin gudunmawar da zane-zane, a lokacin da Gross, Hartfield, Heche da Hausmann ɓullo da wani photomontage, da kuma fito da wani yawan siyasa mujallolin.

A lokacin rani na 1920 a cikin girmamawa ga yaki kawo dukkan aka jera a sama da aka shirya Dada Fair, wanda janyo hankalin bohemians daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Yana da aka a Jamus, an inganta tarin hotunan, kamar yadda a symbiosis da Cubism a kan shi akwai abubuwa na photomontage.

Bugu da kari aiki a cikin shugabanci na zanen, Husman sa wani gagarumin taimako ga wallafe-wallafen aikin, ya gabatar wa jama'a 'yan "m" Littafin waqoqi, kunsha kawai na wani sa na sauti, reminiscent na shamanic yi fito.

Iyaye Dadaist cinema yi imani Richter da Egelenga.

a Faransa

Dada art ne musamman m magana a Faransa tun da aka kafa shi ya fara tun kafin sunan wannan yunkuri.

Preddadaistskimi aiki na shahara Figures kamar Duchamp, Picabia da kuma "mawãƙi dambe" - Caravan.

Last mujallar saki "nan da nan", inda m celebrities da kuma yin safiyo, ciki har da ƙirƙira labaru.

A can ne da suka rayu da kafa Dada Tristan Ttsana.

Paris da aka dauke su a fount na avant-garde da lokaci. Erik Satie, Picasso da Koto halitta scandalous rawa, kada ku shige cikin ra'ayi na gargajiya dabi'u. A cikin wannan kasar, kullum kwashe Dada zanga-zangar, manifestos, nune-nunen da kuma sake mai yawa mujallu.

Duchamp samar shahara zane-zane reworked litattafansu. Dada dauke da wani gaskiya fitacciyar da Mona Lisa tare da wani gashin baki pririsoval cewa na'am da sunan "Ta riga numfashi ba gõbara."

Ernest, samar da zane-zane, yana amfani da wani ɓaɓɓake daga haihuwa kwafi. Ya paints bayyananne hoto zuwa duk, amma su suna kan-cikakken tare da baki mutumci.

Ttsana Kotun mulki a kan jama'a ban mamaki aiki "Gas Zuciya", wanda a shekarar 1923 ne wani bore a cikin tarayya, "Dada," da kuma Andre Breton kira tsaga kwarara tare da m samuwar surrealism.

A 1924 Ttsana karshe lokaci ne mai bala'i "zanen aljihu girgije."

Dada a New York

Na biyu gida a cikin 'yan NY, wanda ya zama wani Haven ga wata babbar dama maras so hukumomi na wasu kasashen artists.

Marsel Dyushan, Francis Picabia, Beatris Vud kuma Mann Ray zama cikin zuciya na United States of America Dada, nan da nan ya koma zuwa Arthur Crewe sunã kangẽwa, conscription Faransa. Suka rika nuna su aiki a gallery Alfreda Shtiglitsa da kuma a gidan maza Arensberg.

New York Dada manifestos ba shirya, sun bayyana ra'ayin ta hanyar wallafe kamar "makafi" da "New York Dada", inda suka zarga da al'ada, ta amince gidajen tarihi.

American Dadaism ya quite daban-daban daga Turai, ya ba su ɗauke a harkokin siyasa, da kuma aka dogara ne a kan ci mutumci.

A 1917 Duchamp nuna wani urinal artists on nuni, wanda makale da wata ãyã ce "The Fountain", wanda a cikin sa da buga na sauraro. An haramta a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, da sassaka yanzu dauke da wani abin tunawa daga zamani.

Saboda tashi daga cikin shahararrun Dadaist Duchamp kamfanin rushe.

A cikin Netherlands,

A cikin Netherlands fi shahara Dadaists zama Theo van Desburg wanda bayar a mujallar da ake kira "De Stizhl". A shafukan da wannan ɗaba'ar, ya cika da ayyukan shahararrun mabiya avant-garde style.

Tare da abokai da kuma Vilmos Shtirvesom Huszarom da matarsa Nelly van Disberg ya halicci Dutch kamfanin Dada.

Bayan rasuwar Disberga aka gano cewa a cikin mujallar ya buga waqoqi nasa, duk da haka, a karkashin pseudonym da IK Bonset.

sakamakon Dada

By karshen 1924 a matsayin mai raba Dada motsi a cikin art ya daina wanzuwa. Yã garwaya tẽku da surrealism da kuma zamantakewa hakikanci a Faransa da kuma tare da zamani a cikin Jamus. Yana fito a lokacin da kasa yanke ƙauna ga kwararru da yawa da gaskiya da ake kira riga na postmodernism.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, mafi yawan Dada artists koma Amurka.

Adolf Hitler, gane kawai su akida, dauke ma'adanin na "Dada" degenerate, Défilés da gaskiya (a cikin ra'ayi) da darajar da bai dāce da zama style, don haka ya bi, da kuma sa a wani taro sansanin artists wanda ya yi aiki a cikin wannan shugabanci. The girma na fāɗi a Jamus sansanin artists da Yahudawa Tushen, dangane da wanda mutane da aka fallasa su m azabtarwa da kuma kisan.

Makamantan bayanai na Dada da kuma yanzu bayyana a anti-art da kungiyoyin siyasa da na bohemians, misali, "a cacophony na al'umma." Kuma rare kungiyar "Chamboemba" gaskiya ya kira kansa mai bin Dada.

Wasu marubuta yi imani Lenin memba na Club Dada, kamar yadda ya halarci wani Balalaika Orchestra, wanda ya so da masu sauraro a cikin "Cabaret Voltaire", da kuma don wani lokaci ya rayu ba da nisa daga ginin, inda ya tattara wakilan wannan Trend.

Lokaci-lokaci sanannen gidajen tarihi shirya nune-nunen da ayyukan Dadaist shugabanci. Wannan nuni da aka gudanar a 2006 a Museum of Art Littafi, located in Paris, a Birnin Washington, DC, a National Gallery of Art da kuma Center Georges Pompidou a Paris. Fashion jobs a cikin "Dada" style - wani haraji ga artists wanda ya mutu a lokacin Nazi Jamus.

Don haka bari mu taƙaice takaita abin da wannan for, da kuma ayyana ta asali matsayi.

• Dada ne ma'adanin da antipolitical da bourgeois fuskantarwa. Ya musanta duk idon basira, na ado da kuma ruhaniya, kwafan da hali na hukumomi na lokaci.
• Zanen - mafi muhimmanci Sphere a cikin karni na 20th, wanda ta cika Dadaism. Artists wanda ya yi aiki a cikin wannan karfi, sau da yawa ta amfani da tarin hotunan, wanda hadawa da dama haske scraps na kayan, jaridar Clippings da photo Montage.
• Music bayar da mabiya wannan Trend, wanda yanayi ne na da amo.
• Wallafe-wallafe ma ba sosai m, yafi da sabuwar dabara na Dadaists zama shayari in da kalmomi ana amfani maimakon sauti, reminiscent na kiran ga gumakan m mutane.
• Movies, kuma plays a cikin wannan Trend ne ma illogical da incoherent da m sunayen.
• Su sculptures - Waɗannan su ne talakawa used a kullum amfani abubuwa. Dada da ya fi shahara abin tunawa - wani urinal, wanda marubucin ya kira shi "Fountain".
• A Choreography style aka bayyana tare da taimakon rawa ado a kayayyaki unsightly.
• Antics bohemians na lokaci za a iya kira wani buɗi na Dada a cikin al'adun hali.

A cikin wannan labarin, dole ne mu gane da abin da style of "Dada" da kuma dangane da abin da ya taso, deciphered da sunan da ya yi magana game da kafa, sami bambance-bambance Dada a kasashe daban-daban da kuma lura da asali matsayi a music, adabi, zanen, cinema , dance, da gine-gine.

Muna fatan mun kasance iya amsa dukkan tambayoyin.