A Congress of Vienna: da rabo daga Turai a karni na 19th

A kwanaki na ƙarshe na Maris 1814 Allied sojojin triumphantly shiga Paris. Wannan na nufi da cikakken shan kashi na Napoleonic Faransa da kuma na ƙarshe kawar da shekaru na Turai yaƙe-yaƙe. Napoleon kansa zarar abdicated kuma aka fitar da su Elba, kuma lashe sãshensu waliyyai ne ga kan teburin shawarwari don remake taswirar na Turai.

Don yin wannan, da Congress of Vienna aka gudanar, wanda aka gudanar a kasar Austria a 1814-1815, bi da bi. Yana da aka samu halartar wakilai daga Rasha, Ingila, Austria, Prussia, Faransa da kuma Portugal.

Babban batun jawabi ne: redistribution na Turai a cikin ni'imar da nasara kasashe, tanadi daular mulkinsu a Turai da kuma hana duk wani yiwuwar dawo zuwa ikon Napoleon.

A Faransa, shi aka reinstated da wakilan da Bourbon daular, da kuma dauki kursiyin Lyudovik Xviii, na gaba magaji ga hukuncin kisa Louis XVI. Bugu da kari, masu cin nasara zai mayar da tsohon domin - da mulkin gargajiya nobility da absolutist. Hakika, bayan duk siyasa nasarorin da Faransa juyin juya halin, wannan haƙiƙa ya utopian, amma duk da haka, domin shekaru masu yawa, Turai ya shiga conservatism kuma dauki tsarin mulki.

Babban matsalar shi ne redistribution na ƙasar, musamman a Poland da kuma Saxony. Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Alexander Ina so in shiga cikin Yaren mutanen Poland ƙasashe, domin su karkarar Rasha, Saxony da kuma ba da ikon Prussia. Amma da wakilan Austria, Great da Burtaniya da Faransa da karfi ya hana irin wannan hukunci. Su ma hannu a asirce yarjejeniya a kan hadin kai a kan yankin burinsu na Prussia da kuma Rasha, don haka mataki na farko da irin wannan sake-division bai riƙi wurin.

A general, da Congress of Vienna ya nuna cewa babban magabaci na sojojin da aka lura a Rasha, Prussia, Ingila da Austria. Haggling da rigima a tsakãninsu, da wakilan wadannan kasashe da za'ayi babbar sake rabo na Turai.

A cikin bazara na 1815, Napoleon tsere daga Elba, ya sauka a Faransa da kuma kaddamar da wani sabon soja yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, da sojojin da aka gaba daya ci a Waterloo da Congress of Vienna a 1815 ya fara aiki a wani kara kudi. Yanzu, mahalarta kokarin da sauri ya dauki karshe yanke shawara a kan yankin tsarin Turai.

A farkon Yuli 1815 aka sanya hannu a kan general yi na Congress, bisa ga abin da aka hana na Faransa dukan ƙasashe nasara a baya. Rasha tunawa da Duchy na Warsaw, wanda a yanzu ake kira Mulkin Poland. Rhineland, Poznan, Westphalia da Saxony mafi part wuce a Prussia. Austria shiga da karkararta Lombardi, Galicia da Venice, da kuma a cikin jam'iyya na Arewa Jamus mulkoki (Jamus Confederation) , wannan kasa sami mafi tasiri. Hakika, wannan yana rinjayar da bukatun na Prussian jihar.

A Italiya, Mulkin Sardinia aka mayar da su accede ga Savoy kuma Nice, a lokaci guda approving da hakkin daga cikin House of Savoy. Tuscany, Modena da Parma zo karkashin ikon da wakilan da Austria Habsburgs. Roma sake zo karkashin ikon shugaban Kirista, waɗanda suka komo duka haihuwa dokar. A Naples, ya zauna a kan gadon sarautar da Bourbons. Kafa mulkin Netherlands daga Netherlands da kuma Belgium.

Kananan Jamus jihohin da suka soke Napoleon, mafi yawansu ba su an gano. Su total number ya rage da kusan sau goma. Duk da haka, da fragmentation na Jamus, wanda ya yanzu 38 jihohin, ya kasance guda.

Don Ingila tafi mulkin mallaka ƙasar da shi ya kwashe a Spain, Faransa da kuma Holland. Tsibirin na Malta , da kuma Ceylon, da Cape of Good Hope, Guyana, Ionian Islands yanzu Zartarwa a Birtaniya mulki.

Confederation na goma sha tara Swiss cantons aka kafa wanda ya yi kira "tutur neutrality". Norway shige cikin ikon Sweden, deriving shi daga Danish.

Amma duk ba tare da togiya kasashen Turai suna tsoron wani wuce kima tabbatarwa daga Rasha, saboda shi ne kasa mallakar rawar da ya lashe a kan Napoleon ta sojojin.

A Vienna taron shi ne a yanzu cikakken, amma faduwar 1815, Alexander na yanke shawarar ƙarfafa sabon Turai domin kuma tabbatar da jagorancinsa na Rasha da kuma Ingila. A nasa himma, wata yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a kan kafa Mai Tsarki Alliance, wanda hada da Austria, Prussia da Rasha Empire. Bisa ga yarjejeniyar, gwamnati wa'adi ga taimaka juna a hali na juyin juya halin ko rare yunkurin.

A Congress of Vienna, kuma ta yanke shawara yana da wani hukunci tasiri a kan dukan tsarin kasashen Turai. Kawai bayan 1917, lokacin da na farko World War, da Turai yanki za a redrawn sake.