Coal: da amfani da kuma bambancin

Yana da wuya su yi tunanin wani abu mafi makawa ga mutãne, fiye da kwal. Its amfani shi ne don haka multifunctional cewa wani lokacin kawai mamaki. A irin wannan lokacin, niyya shakka rarrafe a, da kuma sauti quite ma'ana tambaya a kaina: "Abin? Yana duk kwal?! ". All saba tunani na ci kawai combustible abu, amma, a gaskiya, da kewayon aikace-aikace shi ne don haka m cewa ga alama m.

A samuwar da kuma asalin ci seams

Ana zargin kwal a duniya nasa ne m Paleozoic zamanin, lokacin da duniya, har yanzu yana ci gaba da mataki da shi gaba daya dan hanya jinsunan domin mu. Formation ci seams fara game 360.000.000 shekaru da suka wuce. Wannan ya faru, yafi a cikin sediments na prehistoric ruwa, inda miliyoyin shekaru na tara Organic abu.

Kawai sa, ci - shi ne ya rage daga cikin gawawwakin giant dabbobi, bishiya da sauran halittu da cewa nutse a kasa, wanda ake gurbace da guga man a karkashin ruwa shafi. Kan aiwatar da samuwar adibas ne quite dogon, kuma domin da samuwar da kwal kabu bukatar wani m na 40.000.000 shekaru.

Hakar na ci

Mutane da dadewa lura da yadda muhimmanci da kuma irreplaceable kwal, Properties da kuma aikace-aikace kamar yadda iya kimanta da kuma daidaita da irin wannan babban sikelin kwanan nan. Manyan-sikelin ci gaban kwal fara kawai a cikin XVI-XVII ƙarni. a Ingila, da kuma fitar da kayan da aka yi amfani da yafi ga alade baƙin ƙarfe zama dole don samar da bindigogi. Amma ta samar da yau nagartacce ya haka bai isa a kula da cewa ta masana'antu ba za a dauke.

Manyan-sikelin samar fara kawai zuwa ga tsakiyar XIX karni. Lokacin da masana'antu fara tasowa kawai bukatar kwal. Its amfani, duk da haka, a lokacin da aka iyakance na musamman don konewa. Yau, dubban daruruwan mahakar aiki, a duniya, a ranar hako ma'adinai fiye da 'yan shekaru a cikin XIX karni.

Irin ci

Adibas na ci seams iya isa zurfin da dama kilomita, mikewa daga cikin ciki na duniya, amma ba ko da yaushe, kuma a ko'ina, saboda yana da biyu a ciki da kuma bayyanar da iri-irin nau'in.

Akwai 3 main iri burbushin: Anthracite, lignite, kuma peat, wanda shi ne sosai vaguely reminiscent na ci.

1. Anthracite ne mafi samuwar a duniya, irin wannan, da talakawan shekaru na wannan nau'in ne 280.000.000 shekaru. Yana da matukar wuya, yana da high yawa da kuma carbon abun ciki na 96-98%.

2. Taurin da yawa daga cikin ruwan kasa ci ne in mun gwada kananan kazalika da abun ciki na carbon a cikinsa. Yana yana da m, sako-sako da tsarin da kuma cikakken da ruwa, da abun ciki wanda shi zai iya isa har zuwa 20%.

3. Peat ne ma ake magana a kai a matsayin bambance-bambancen karatu na ci, amma bai riga ya kafa, don haka ya ci, ya na da kõme ba.

Properties na ci

Shi ne a yanzu da wuya su yi tunanin wani abu mafi amfani da m fiye da kwal, da asali da kaddarorin da kuma amfani da abin da aka nuna yabo sosai. Saboda shi dauke da abubuwa da mahadi, ya kasance kawai ba makawa a duk yankuna na zamani a rayuwar.

A bangaren na ci ne kamar haka:

• talakawan volatiles ciki ya kai 35-40%.

• talakawan ash abun ciki ba ya wuce 15-18%.

• talakawan danshi abun ciki jeri daga 12-15%.

• talakawan caloric abun ciki daidai 5500-7000 kcal / kg.

Dukan waɗannan da aka gyara da kuma sa kwal, da yin amfani da yin amfani da abin da yake cikin Multi-aikin. Volatile abubuwa kunshe a ci, samar da wani m ƙonewa da m nasara daga high yanayin zafi. A danshi abun ciki na ci aiki simplifies kalori abun ciki da ke sa shi wani makawa amfani a magunguna da kayan shafawa, ash kanta ne mai muhimmanci da ma'adinai abu.

A amfani da kwal a duniya a yau

Daban-daban aikace-aikace na ma'adanai. Coal ya asali kawai tushen zafi, sa'an nan ikon (ya juya ruwa zuwa tururi) yanzu a wannan batun, da yiwuwa ne Unlimited kwal.

Thermal makamashi daga konewa na ci ne tuba zuwa cikin wutar lantarki daga gare kerarre coke sinadaran kayayyakin gano ruwa man fetur. Coal - kadai nau'in a wadda impurities kunshe ne a cikin wani m karafa kamar germanium da gallium. Domin shi ne cirewa coke tanda, gas, sarrafa sa'an nan a cikin benzene, wanda aka ware daga coumarone guduro, mikawa a yi, daga dukan nau'i na paints, lacquers, roba da kuma linoleum. Samu daga ci , aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols da pyridine sansanonin. A lokacin da aiki da kwal sami aikace-aikace a cikin yi na vanadium, graphite, sulfur, molybdenum, tutiya, gubar da jam'i na har yanzu kuma shi ne a yanzu da muhimmanci kayayyakin.