Sau "Hyacinth". Kai-propelled manyan bindigogi shigarwa 2S5 "hyacinth": fasaha bayani dalla-dalla da kuma hotuna

Mutane da yawa sha'awar a filin sojojin makamai zarcewa ga kanta a misconception a hanyoyi masu yawa da cewa igwa manyan bindigogi a cikin halin yanzu yanayi zama kusan unclaimed. Kuma a gaskiya: shi zai ze, ga abin da shi ne, lokacin da mulki a fagen yaƙi da makamai masu linzami? Dauki lokaci, ba haka ba ne mai sauki.

Gaskiyar cewa igwa manyan bindigogi masu yawa mai rahusa zuwa tsirar da aiki. Bugu da kari, batun da yin amfani da projectiles tare da fiber-Laser-shiryar ( "Kitolov-2"), shi ne iya (a kan wata al'ada nesa, ba shakka) don nuna babu kasa da ban sha'awa fiye da makamai masu linzami, da sakamakon a fagen yaƙi. Kada ka manta game da yiwuwar yin amfani da kananan makaman nukiliya warheads. A cikin mahallin da manyan yaki, shi iya zama musamman da amfani.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa a yau za mu tattauna da ACS "Hyacinth" - daya daga cikin mafi m tsarin wannan aji.

prehistory

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kai-propelled manyan bindigogi bindigogi sun kafa kansu a matsayin iko da kuma m makami, gaban wanda zai iya sau da yawa shirya sakamakon da yaƙi a cikin ni'imar daya ko wata ƙungiya da rikici. Su farashin da aka muhimmanci ƙananan fiye da na tanki, amma bisa wasu sharudda, cheap, kuma ba ma da-sulke da motocin iya yadda ya kamata halakar da mãsu nauyi, maƙiyi makamai. Domin mu kasa, shi ne da muhimmanci musamman a farko mataki na yaki, lokacin da sojojin kayan aiki ne cike take takaice, kuma ta samar aka bukata don ya rage wuya da kuma rage kudin.

Kusan duk motorized dakaru ƙungiyoyin da Tarayyar Soviet a cikin postwar lokacin da aka sanye take da tankuna da kai-propelled bindigogi a kan wani gauraye akai. Kowane motorized bindiga rajimanti ya ingantaccen manyan bindigogi da makamai, wanda wakiltar wani cikakken baturi SU-76. Abu mai muhimmanci ya karu da rabo daga sauran manyan bindigogi da makamai, wanda aka halitta a cikin shekaru na yaki.

All ACS, ya sa a cikin sabis a wannan lokaci, aka yi nufi na musamman don taimaka wa kai hare hare dakaru a fama. Duk da haka, a cikin post-yaki soja rukunan suna ƙara danganci yin amfani da kai-propelled raka'a tare da ko maimakon tankuna.

A 50-60 shekaru, da muhimmancin ACS kullum fadowa. Sau da yawa akwai wata tambaya da cikakken lõkacin fatara daga su samar da maye da irin wannan tankuna, makamai. Saboda haka, 'yan kaxan sabon model na kai-propelled bindigogi da aka ci gaba a cikin tsakiyar 60s. Kusan dukkan su sun dogara ne a kan tsufa tank shasi a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, equipping sabon sulke kungiyar soja.

Raguwar na masana'antu

A marigayi 50-ies karni na karshe, Nikita Khrushchev, wani m fan na makami mai linzami, ya izini da kusan cikakkiyar tasha na barreled makamai a Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda wannan, mun wanzuwa ta m makiya fiye da dozin shekaru. Tarihi ya akai-akai azabtar da Tarayyar Soviet ga wannan kuskure: a cikin 60s ya bayyana cewa, darajar igwa manyan bindigogi zauna a wannan matakin. Musamman a fili shi tabbatar da aukuwar lamarin a kasar Sin, bayan da babban sakataren ya bita ya views a kan wannan batun.

Sai Kuomintang sun sanya wani dukan baturi na dogon zangon-American howitzers da kuma fara zare jiki zuwa wuta a babban yankin kasar Sin. Sin kuma mu soja shawara sun kasance a cikin musamman mizani. Suna da bindigogi M-46 zamo 130 mm, amma projectiles bai isa makiya batura ko da wani tailwind. Daya daga cikin Soviet shawara samarwa wani asali hanyar: a cimma burin, ya wajaba kawai kamar yadda ya kamata dumama da bawo!

Bangarorin biyu sun yi mamaki, amma liyafar da aka ci nasara. Wannan harka taimake hari da ci gaba a 1968 na ACS "Hyacinth". Its halittar aka sanya Permian masana.

Yankunan Activity

Tun da aikin da ake bukata don gama da sauri, da raya kasa ya wuce a biyu kwatance. Masana sun yi aiki a cikin filin na kai-propelled da towed bindigogi (Lambobin "C" da "B" da bi). Babban manyan bindigogi iko nan da nan sanya wa wadannan inji nadi 2A36 da 2A37. An muhimmanci alama daga gare su, ba kawai na musamman ballistics, amma kuma musamman harsasai, wanda aka sanya musamman domin ACS "Hyacinth". 152 mm - fairly na kowa size, amma 'yan mutane san cewa a cikin Soviet Army da wani sauran harsasai zamo cewa za a iya amfani da wadannan kai-propelled raka'a.

Overview

A Perm halitta kai tsaye manyan bindigogi naúrar a Yekaterinburg tsara shasi, da kuma Cibiyar SU mafi kyau masana tunanin zuwa haifar da mafi m ga irin wannan harsasai tsarin. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1969, Hukumar biyu zabin da wani sabon ACS aka samarwa: a cikin conning-hasumiyar da kuma hasumiyar versions. Yana da aka amince da karshen. A shekarar 1970, gwamnatin qaddamar da wani cikakken sikelin aiki a kan ACS "Hyacinth". A farkon shekara ta 1971, "hukuncin da jama'a," na farko igwa zamo 152 mm aka ƙaddamar, amma saboda unavailability na harbe-harben bawo koma.

The ƙungiya daga "Hyacinth C 'kunshi mutane biyar. A kan babbar hanya da mota na iya tafiya a gudu up to 60 km / h, ikon ajiye ne game da kilomita 500. Da gidaje da aka sanya daga makamai farantin (aluminum gami) tare da wani kauri daga 30 mm daga waldi. Wannan makamai ba duk da samar da wani isasshen kariya na ƙungiya, ko da nauyi inji bindigogi, amma saboda da fama manufa dole ne musamman da kyau a yi tunani ta hanyar da wuri daga cikin na'ura a ƙasa.

Wani hasara gwada tufafi "Hyacinth C" shi ne ta wajen low kudi - ba fiye da biyar akai-akai da minti. Ya kamata a lura da cewa samar da harsasai da aka yi da hannu, kuma haka a karkashin zafin fama lissafi iya kawai zama gaji, wanda kara rage yadda ya dace da loading. Kuma duk da haka - ba da halaye na Rasha winters, shi ne ba abin mamaki ba sanyi da sojoji zuwa bude gun, ba a rufe hasumiya. Ko da a cikin fuskar Chechnya "sanyi" lokaci, akwai lokatan lokuta na frostbite lissafin "Hyacinth".

developers iya zama uzuri, fãce da gaskiya da cewa wannan asali an shirya a lokacin ACS "sanyi" yaki. Kawai sa, shi da aka tsara musamman domin fama ayyukan a Yammacin Turai, inda hunturu yanayin zafi suna da wuya gani a kasa 7-8 digiri Celsius. Isar da shi a tuna cewa BMP-1, tsara don wannan yanayi, shi ne ba da hanya mafi kyau tabbatar a Afghanistan (ko don daban-daban dalilai).

Powerplant da shasi

Engine-watsa daki located a gaban daga cikin gidaje. Ikon shuka, ya nuna V-dimbin yawa engine V-59, V-dimbin yawa da damar 520 HP A peculiarity shi ne cewa an kaga a yanki daya da biyu-rafi watsa. Sashe don gun kwamandan da dama daga cikin engine. Nan da nan kafin kwamandan ta cupola located wurin aiki na direba. Nan da nan fada daki located a cikin tsakiyar ɓangare na mahalli. Bawo ne a tsaye stacking.

Kamar yadda a yi amfani da wannan na'ura shasi ne ainihin kama da cewa an yi amfani da lokacin da samar Sau "Acacia". Tun da kai-propelled naúrar nasa ne da bude irin makami saka bayyane. Wannan yanayin yarda da shi don yin mota da ɗan guntu. Tun da gun Dutsen "Hyacinth" yana da wani gwada da kananan size (dangi zuwa takwarorina), shi ne dace da za su kai da iska.

Asali nufin ba wani sabon inji ma PKT, amma wannan zabin da aka ba soma. Daga baya, shi har yanzu da gudummawar da aikin sake. By 1972, sun karshe shirya ayyukan biyu "Hyacinth" iri kayan aiki daban-hali Hanyar caji. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokaci guda ɓullo da wani bambance-bambancen da kartuznymi zargin. Duk da haka, wannan zabin bai koma bayan almara. A jerin kai-propelled bindigogi "Hyacinth" ya tafi a 1976, da kuma nan da nan ya fara jikewa da dakarun na sabon fasaha.

Yaki "gudu" sabon dabara ne a Afghanistan, da soja nan da nan ya ba da wannan kai-propelled shigarwa na da yawa flattering halaye. Suna musamman sha'awar da iko bam, wanda za a iya samu nasarar amfani domin lalata da iko Taliban kufaifan. A wasu wurare, kai-propelled 152-mm gun "Hyacinth" samu da sunan barkwanci na "kisan kare dangi," wanda alludes zuwa ta fama ikon.

Features gun

2A37 gun zane ne kyawawan misali: wani bututu-yanki, da breech kuma muzzle birki, tare da abin da shi ba zai iya yi da irin wannan ban sha'awa zamo. By hanyar magana, shi yana nufin da irin rata. Semi-atomatik rufe, skalochnogo irin kwance misalignment. Gun aka Fitted da birki na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa damping irin recoil da recuperator (pneumatic), wani alama na wadda ta ƙunshi a cewa ta cylinders suna birgima tare da ganga. The karami rollback - 730 mm, mafi girma - 950 mm.

Rammer sarkar-type aiki a matakai biyu: na farko aika wani dako a cikin breech, kuma kawai bayan duk dace hannun riga. Rage wuya da aikin ƙungiya aluma dagawa da kuma juya sunadaran. Sai ya jũya gun a kan wani sauki inji, wanda na'urar gusar kusan dukkan manyan fashewa.

sauran siffofin

A kwance yankin gun za a iya jawo cikin 30 °. Features nuna tsaye - na -2,5 ° zuwa 58 °. Igwa kulle m garkuwa abin da na tsare da na'ura ƙungiya daga harsasai, shrapnel da tura kalaman samar a lokacin da harbe-harben. Garkuwa da aka yi da sauki punching daga rai guda takardar da makamai karfe. Sake, da cewa "Hyacinth" - Sau. Hotuna nuna ta nice low tsaro. Wannan yanayin na wannan dabara ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ga kai tsaye arangama da abokan gaba ba a yi nufin.

Gani ake wakilta sauki inji gani D726-45 shirya tare da PG-1m panorama gun. Domin shiriya a kan mafi kwanan nan da kuma sosai a bayyane hari tsara riflescope OP4M-91A. gun Tã 10.800 kg.

Bayani a kan shasi da harsasai

Domin su ne na daidai da shasi ACS 2S5 "hyacinth" da aka gina a kan wannan tushe matsayin cewa daga cikin atomatik kula da tsarin 2S3 "Acacia". Kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da "Acacia", duk da harsasai da aka sanya a cikin jiki, amma da wadata da harsasai zuwa gun hannu. Waje, a raya na abin hawa, saka wani m farantin stabilizer. Yana da yake a kan ƙasa da harbi, gaya shigar da zama dole kwanciyar hankali.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa ACS "Hyacinth" bisa manufa, ba zai iya harba a kan tafi. Duk da haka, da misali lokacin da za a kawo shuke-shuke daga tafiya zuwa fama ne kawai hudu da minti, don haka da cewa m tasiri na atomatik kula da tsarin ne sosai high. Wannan kai-propelled gun yana da kyau kwarai maneuverability, barin m motsi a fagen yaƙi. Kada ka manta da gina-in kayan aiki ga entrenchment. Yin amfani da shi, da ƙungiya iya rufe da mota a cikin ƙasa a kawai 'yan mintoci.

Ya kamata ka san cewa asali aiki a matsayin wani ma'aikatan harsasai VOF39 dako, wanda ya a total nauyi na 80,8 kg. Domin karin sakamako a cikinta yayi dace RP-29 cajin (46 kg), wanda aka yi amfani da kusan biyar kilo karfi fashewar A-IX-2. Blaster - mai sauki (feat. Irfan) B-429. A kadan daga baya, Developers, Mun halitta ZVOF86 shot wanda ake shirya tare da wani dako RP-59 a iya amfani don buga hari a nisa har zuwa nisan kilomita 30.

A al'ada harsasai hada da uku dozin Shots raba-hali caji, kuma daga cikinsu akwai sabon iri Shots tare da ingantattun nata irin siffar, kazalika da makamai masu linzami tare da aiki Laser abin da ya ƙunsa.

"Nukiliya flower"

A general, shi ne ba ma talla a cikin latsa. A wajen yamma, ya dade da slipped ruwaito cewa ACS "Hyacinth" za a iya amfani da iko nukiliya warheads 0.1-2 KT. An sani cewa a yau ana ci gaba gaba daya sabon projectiles zamo 152 mm a kasar mu domin "Hyacinth". Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa shi ne da tari bam 3-0-13, tare da tsare-tsaren don ƙirƙirar nasu suggestive fission a gare shi. Ga alama sosai alamar rahama bawo nufi domin samar da aiki tsangwama cewa da gaske impede ko yin shi ba zai yiwu ba ga abokan gaba lantarki.

dabara

Wannan gun da aka tsara don danniya na ayyukan makiya manyan bindigogi, da hallaka bunkers da kuma sauran filin fortifications, lalata daban-daban, maƙiyi umurnin posts (ciki har da raya), kazalika da magance da nauyi makamai na abokan gaba. Kamar yadda muka ambata gani iya wuta duka biyu kai tsaye wuta (Tantancewar), kuma wata rufaffiyar matsayi (inji gani). Kamar yadda da wasu manyan bindigogi da kuma kananan makamai m samar, ACS za a iya amfani da yadda ya kamata a duk yanayin da yanayin damina.

Abin baƙin ciki, gun 2S5 a yau shi ne muhimmanci daga kwanan wata a halin kirki sharuddan. Duk da haka, wannan kai-propelled bindigogi, da kuma wannan rana ta kasance daya daga cikin mafi dogon zangon- kai-propelled raka'a na cikin gida samar, da kuma a wannan batun, "Hyacinth" shi ne na biyu ne kawai zuwa "peonies" da ta zamo kamar 203 mm.

Ba kamar irin wannan tsarin da wannan aji, gun Dutsen, "Hyacinth" da aka ba canjawa wuri a kowace ƙasa na Warsaw yarjejeniya. Kawai a shekarar 1991, dama bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, Finland ya samu 15 raka'a. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a halin yanzu da bayanai a kan ci gaban da wani isasshen sauyawa daga cikin atomatik kula da tsarin for mu dakarun akwai, yayin da m abokan adawar na ci gaba a cikin wannan yanki bai tsaya a nan. Saboda haka, ba mu san yadda da yawa zai zama da rai "Hyacinth". Kai-propelled gun wannan model, haƙĩƙa, mai dogon lokaci zai zama a kan mu sojojin.