Chivalric adabi na tsakiyar zamanai: A jerin da kuma review

Knight ta adabi - wata babbar layi na aikin, wanda aka ci gaba a cikin tsakiyar zamanai. Da shi shi ne gwarzo sa da feat warrior mulkin gargajiya. Mafi shahara samfurin wannan yanki: kafa a Faransa Gotfridatom Strasbourg "Song of Roland" a Jamus - "Tristan da Isolde" (aya labari) da kuma "The Song na Nibelungs" a Spain - "Rodrigo" da kuma "The Song na cid "da sauransu.

A makaranta ne m karin bayanai da taken "A Knight ta Wallafe-wallafe" (Grade 6). Almajirin ne labarin da ta asali, da babban nau'o'i, saba da babban ayyukansu. Duk da haka, da taken "A Knight ta adabi na tsakiyar zamanai" (Grade 6) bayyanar da matsa, selectively, rasa wasu muhimmanci da maki. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu so zuwa mafi cikakken bayyana shi ga mai karatu yana da mafi ra'ayin game da shi.

Knight ta shayari

Knight ta adabi hada da ba wai kawai litattafan, amma kuma shayari, wanda ya rera game da gõde biyayya ga wani lady daga cikin zuciya. Ga mata, da Knights a hadarin rayuwa da kanta hõre daban-daban gwaje-gwaje. Tasbihi da soyayya song of mawãƙi-mawaƙa kira minnesingers a Jamus, troubadours - a kudancin Faransa, da kuma trouveres - a cikin arewacin kasar. A mafi yawan sanannun mawallafa - Bertran De Haifi, Arnaud Daniel, Dzhaufre Rudel. A cikin Turanci adabi na 13th karni da ya fi muhimmanci tunawa - wani Ballad sadaukar da Robin Hood.

Chivalric adabi a Italiya da aka wakilta, yafi lyric shayari. Ya kafa wani sabon salon da cewa girmama da soyayya da wata baiwar, Guido Guinizelli, Bolognese mawãƙi ne. The most daga cikin wakilan - Guido Cavalcanti da Brunetto Latini, da Florentines.

Hoton na da wani jarumi kuma mai kyau lady

The kalmar "jarumi" yana nufin a Jamus "mahayi". Zama warrior, ya kasance a lokaci guda suna da kyau kwarai hali, bauta wa lady na zuciya, ya zama mai ladabi. Shi ne da sadaukarwa na karshen kuma akwai courtly shayari. Wakilai raira waƙa ta alheri da kyakkyawa, da kuma babban Ladies da aka bi da alheri ga wannan irin art, wanda extolled su. Yana da aka daukaka chivalric wallafe-wallafe. Pictures gabatar a wannan labarin, tabbatar da wannan.

Courtly soyayya, ba shakka, yana da wasu har sabani, tun da shi ne gaba daya subordinated kotu Da'a. Waka da gõde da lady, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya matar da suzerain. Kuma da Knights ne a soyayya tare da ita, ya kasance mai m majalisarsa. Saboda haka frivolous songs cewa kisa da mace son kai, kẽwayesu da mulkin gargajiya yadi kwanyarsa exclusivity.

courtly shayari

Courtly soyayya ya asiri, don haka ba kuskure ya kira a kan sunan da ya lady. Ya yi kama da ji na girmawa sujada.

Halitta a lokacin poetic matani da yawa, da kuma marubucinsa mafi yawansu aka rasa. Amma a cikin da yawa colorless da haka akwai wani Catchy, mai haske Figures. Mafi shahara troubadours sun Giraut de Borneyl, Bernart de Ventadorn, Marcabru, Dzhaufre Rudel, Peirol.

Iri courtly shayari

Akwai da yawa iri courtly shayari in Provence, amma ya fi kowa ne: Alba, Canson, pastorela, Ballad makoki tensona, sirventes.

Canson (a translation - "song") an kafa fitar a cikin labari samar da wata soyayya jigo.

Alba (wanda yake nufin "safe star") da aka sadaukar domin tsaga, a duniya soyayya. Yana ce cewa masoya karya up bayan wani asiri taron a alfijir na ta m sanar da su bawa kõ kuwa a tsaye matsara kowane.

Pastorela - wani song wanda ya gaya na haɗuwa da cowherd da Knight.

A mawãƙi neman kuka, yana makoki, da rabonsu, ko makokin rasuwar saurayinta wani mutum kusa da shi.

Tensona - wani irin wallafe-wallafen muhawara, wanda aka samu halartar biyu ko mawãƙi, ko wani kyakkyawan lady da wani mawãƙi, wani mawãƙi kuma love.

Sirventes - wani song inda ya shafa zamantakewa al'amurran da suka shafi, mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu: Wane ne ya cancanci a son more - da m Baron ko suave commoner?

Wannan, a takaice dai knightly courtly wallafe-wallafe.

Troubadours, daga abin da muka ambata, su ne na farko courtly kasida na Turai. Bayan da suka kasance Jamus "mawaƙa son" - minnesingers. Amma da son sha'awa kashi a su shayari ya taka rawar karami fiye da a Romance rinjaye wajen moralistic sautin.

Salo da romance

A 12th karni da aka alama ta zargin courtly adabi na romance - wani sabon salo. Create shi ya shafi wasu fiye da m ji na duniya da kuma wahayi, da kuma m ilmi. Knight da kuma birane adabi ne a hankali nasaba. A mawallafa na ta mutane, masana kimiyya suna mafi m kokarin sulhunta su kerawa akida na daidaici na duk a gaban Allah, da hali da al'adu na zamanin da ya wanzu a gaskiya. A matsayin rashin amincewa da karshen bayar da shawarar da akida na ladabi. Wannan halin kirki, wanda ya nuna halin courtly adabi a tsakiyar zamanai, ya mai utopian, amma cewa shi ya nuna a cikin labari.

Faransa romance

A heyday na alãmarsu Breton sake zagayowar. Mafi shahara daga cikin litattafan a cikin wannan jerin hada da: "Brutus," "Erec da Enid," "Klizhes", "Tristan da Isolde", "Iveyn", "Beautiful Stranger", "Parsifal", "Romance na Grail", "Miyagun hurumi "," Perlesvaus, "" Mutuwa na Arthur "da sauransu.

A Faransa, jarumi na na da adabi da aka kyau wakilci. Haka kuma, shi ne gida na farko na Musulunci. Sun kasance a irin Fusion na Late retelling na Ovid, Virgil, Homer, da almara Celtic Legends da labaru game da ba a sani ba kasashe na Salibiyya da kurtuaznyh songs.

Chretien de Troyes ya kasance daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na salo. Ya fi shahara halitta ne "Iveyn, ko Knight na zaki." Duniya cewa halitta de Troyes, shi ne misalta jarumtan, saboda haruffa cewa zauna da shi, gurin zuwa feats, da kasada. A wannan labari, Chretien ya nuna cewa feat a kanta ne m, cewa wani kasada ya kamata a mayar da hankali, cike da ma'ana: shi zai iya zama a kare wasu kushe da Ladies, da samun wata yarinya daga wuta, ceto zumunta na abokinsa. Kai musu da kuma karimci Iveyn jaddada ya zumunci tare da sarki dabbõbi - zaki.

A "The Story na Grail" da wannan marubucin amfani da mafi nagartaccen dabarun da bayyana wani hali na mutumin da. A feat na "matsalolin" gwarzo wanzuwa ga austerity. Duk da haka, wannan ba wani Kirista tuba domin ceton rayukansu, a cewar ciki da muradi warai m, da kuma mai girma basira da kuma kai-horo. Percival, da gwarzo na ganye ba saboda addini sufi turu na da budurwa, kuma a sakamakon wani dukan kewayon ji, a cikin abin da garwaye bakin ciki na watsi da uwayensu da muradin ka taimaki sarki masunta, kawun na gwarzo.

Romance a Jamus

A wani sanannun na da romance "Tristan da Isolde", wani mabanbanta sautin. Dalili na shi aka aza Irish Legends kwatanta m soyayya kyau matasa zukata. Babu wani daga cikin labari chivalrous kasada, ya zo da fore da rikici tsakanin m norms da kuma muradi masoya. Passion Sarauniya Isolde da Tristan boys turawa su fita zuwa tattake a kan aure bashi da talakansa. Zama mai ban tausayi tinge littafin: haruffan ne wadanda ke fama da rabo, makoma.

A Jamus, da romance an gabatar da yafi a cikin tsari na ayyuka da Faransa: Heinrich von Veldeke ( "Aeneid"), Gottfried von Strassburg, Hartmann von Aue ( "Iveyn" da "Erek"), Wolfram von Eschenbach ( "Partsial"). Sun bambanta daga karshen zurfafa addini da kuma halin kirki al'amurran da suka shafi.

Romance a Spain

A Spain, da romance har da 16th karni bai inganta. Da aka sani a cikin 14th karni, daya kadai da ake kira "Knight Siphar". A na gaba, da 15th karni, akwai "Kurian da Guelph" da "azzalumi White" da aka rubuta Zhoanotom Joanot Martorell. A 16th karni Montalvo halitta "Amadis de Gaula", kuma ya bayyana wani m labari, "De Oliviya Palmerin" da sauransu, total fiye da 50.

Romance a Italiya

Chivalric adabi na tsakiyar zamanai kasar da aka halin da mafi yawa aro mãkirci. Original taimako na Italiya ne waka "The shigarwa cikin Spain," da aka rubuta da wani m marubucin a cikin 14th karni, kazalika da "kama da Pamplona" da mabiyi, halitta da Niccolò daga Verona. Italian epics ci gaba a cikin ayyukan da Andrea da Barberino.