Biography, rayuwa da kuma aiki na Ostrowski

A rayuwa da kuma aiki na Ostrovsky - wannan jaruntakar page a cikin tarihinsa daga wani mutum, wanda rabo fadi fitina.

iyali

Marubuci Nikolay Alekseevich Ostrovsky (1904 - 1936) aka haife shi a Ukrainian kauyen Vilia Volyn lardin a cikin iyali na soja. Kakan, Ivan Vasilevich Ostrovsky, ya mai da ba izini jami'in, gwarzo na yakin 1855 zuwa Malakhov Hill a lokacin da tsaro na Sevastopol. Shekaru ransa Ostrovskogo Ivana Vasilevicha inextricably nasaba da jaruntakar da na Rasha na XIX karni.

Uba, Aleksey Ivanovich Ostrovsky, - kamar yadda wani ba izini jami'in na fadar shugaban sojoji a ja da baya. Ya aka bayar da St. George Crosses ga ƙarfin zuciya a kama na Shipka da Plevna. Shekaru na rayuwa Ostrovsky Alexey Ivanovich ne girman kai da ɗansa.

Uwar Nicholas, a Czech da kabila, ya gaisuwa da kuma witty mace, rai na kamfanin. The iyali ya rayu a yalwace, kiyaye bayinsa, da gidan kasance ko da yaushe cike da baƙi.

yara

Little Kolya mamaki da suke kewaye da shi damar iya yin komai. A cikin shekaru 9 da shekaru da haihuwa, ya sauke karatu daga cikin Ikklesiya makaranta da aka je karatu da kara, amma rabo hukunta in ba haka ba. A shekara ta 1914, mahaifinsa ya rasa aikinsa, kuma rai ya rushe dare. A gidan da za a sayar, da iyali rabe. Alexey tare da Nicky tafi da dangi a Ternopil, inda ya kamu da aiki a matsayin forester.

Nicolai Ostrovsky, biography da kerawa ne Abin mamaki bambance bambancen, samu wani mataimaki boyi a tashar jirgin a garin Shepetovka, da kuma a shekara daga baya ya fara aiki a matsayin lantarki. A watan Satumba na shekarar 1918, wani saurayi ya shiga Shepetovskaya makarantar firamare, wanda aka samu nasarar kammala a 1920.

matasa

A adadin manyan duniya tunkaro fadi a kan matasa Nikolaya Ostrovskogo: The First yakin duniya, sa'an nan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin na 1917 da shekara bin Oktoba juyin juya halin da kuma yakin basasa da ya kare ne kawai a Ukraine a 1920. A Shepetivka kullum canja ikon, da Jamus ba hanya zuwa fadar White Dogayen sanda, wadanda, bi da bi, ya kori Red Army, sa'an nan fata zo bayan su Petliurists. Shepetovka fararen hula da aka musguna yawa gangs cewa sata da kuma kashe.

A makaranta Nikolai Ostrovsky ya kasance shũgaba, ya aka wakilta da dalibai a cikin Koyar Council. A 1921, himmar aiki shige da jarrabawa da kuma samu takardar shaidar balaga. A wannan shekara, Ostrowski shiga cikin Komsomol, kuma a cikin fall ya zama wani dalibi na yamma sashen na Kiev College of Electromechanics. Nicholas tafi aiki a sana'a, lantarki. Rayuwa da kerawa Ostrovsky a lokacin da yake dalibi aiki a matsayin wani abin koyi ga wasu.

Yunwar da kuma sanyi

Idan muka bayyana da rayuwa da kuma aiki Ostrovskogo A takaice, shi zai kasance har yanzu ban sha'awa, m labarin game da karfi-so, da m mutum. Kasance da wuya post-yaki shekaru, akwai rinjaye devastation, ba isasshen abinci, da kwal, magani. College Dalibai da Nikolai Ostrovsky daga gare su yi makãmashi, to ko ta yaya samar da wani misãlin Kiev zafi. Bugu da kari, da dalibai gina wani layin dogo layi a kan wanda ya jawo itace girbe a cikin birnin. Ba da da ewa Ostrovsky sanyi kuma dauki ga gadonsa. Na cikin mawuyacin hali, ya aka aiko gida, inda ya shafe 'yan watanni. Rayuwa da kerawa Ostrovsky taƙaice bayyana wuya, shi ne a rayuwa jagora ga al'ummomi na yadda za a shawo kan matsaloli.

A karshen, cutar ta raguwa, kuma Nicholas ya koma zuwa makaranta da kuma aiki. Duk da yake cikin College aka canza kama zuwa Cibiyar ba, amma ya zama dalibai na jami'a Ostrovsky yi ba, domin sake shi durkusar cuta. Tun daga nan, a nan gaba marubuci ya zama na yau da kullum haƙuri asibitoci, cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya, asibitoci da kuma dispensaries. Nazarin ya bar, yaron barazanar goma sha takwas asibiti gado ga wani m lokaci.

A 1922, barata da mafi mũnin tsoro na likitoci da kuma na Nikolaya Ostrovskogo, ya kasance mai tsanani ganewar asali - ankylosing spondylitis. Wannan na nufi cikakken immobility, zafi da wahala, wanda a 'yan shekaru baya da shiga m zurfin da marubuci zai iya wuce ta cikin image na gwarzo da labari "yaya da Karfe An zafin" Pavel Korchagin. The aikin nuna facts na rayuwa Ostrovsky, gano biography na marubuci. Resistance hali Pavel Korchagin - shi ne mai kai tsaye misalin da marubucin da labari.

Komsomolskaya aiki

A takaice dai zane na rayuwa da kuma aiki Ostrovskogo iya bayyana yanayin wannan m mutum. A hankali Nicholas hana ƙafafunsa, sai ya motsa da wahala, ya jingina a kan wani kara. Bugu da kari, hagu kafa ne ba lanƙwasa. A shekarar 1923 Ostrovsky koma ta 'yar'uwarsa a cikin birnin, kuma akwai zama Berezdiv gundumar sakataren Komsomol kungiyar. Jiran sa a farke a cikin filin aiki na gurguzu akida farfaganda filin. Ostrovsky ya kebe duk abin da ya lokaci ganawa da matasa a m yankunan, ya gudanar da ƙwarin matasa tare da labaru game da haske nan gaba. rajin kokarin da aka saka musu, a cikin mafi m kauyuka akwai Komsomol Kwayoyin, matasa da farincikin taimake su shugaban su aiwatar da akidar gurguzu. Rayuwa da kuma aiki na Ostrovsky a kan Komsomol shugaban na post ya zama wani abin koyi ga da dama daga cikin matasa mabiya.

1924 shi ne na farko juyo ga Ostrovsky, ya shiga cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis. Sa'an nan, ya zama memba na alubalantar fashi da rashin tsaro, da membobinsu a Chon (musamman sojojin) ya kasance wani yanki na aiki na wani rashin jirgin saman soja ga akida na duniya daidaici. Rayuwa da kerawa Ostrovsky m shekaru ga kasar misali ne na sadaukarwa. Bi da kanka zuwa ga wani m Nikolai Ostrovsky, ya bai hana kansa. A kai a kai tafiya zuwa aiki don ya hallakar da abokan gaba, ba barci da dare. Next zo hisãbi, kiwon lafiya rincabewa. A aikin da ya bar, ya fara wani dogon dawo da lokaci.

Asibitoci, dima jiki magani

Review na rayuwa da kuma aiki na Ostrowski ci gaba a lokaci a cikin abin da za a bi da maida. Domin shekaru biyu, daga 1924 zuwa 1926, Nikolai Ostrovsky ya Kharkov Medical-Mechanical Institute, wanda bakuncin hanya na lura bi ta fi. Duk da kokarin da likitoci, babu kyautata. Duk da haka, a wannan lokaci, Nicholas sanya da yawa sabon abokai, na farko daga abin da yake Peter Novikov, mai aminci shigeba, ya zama a kusa da ƙarshen Ostrovsky.

A 1926, Nicholas koma Yevpatoria, wani gari a yammacin ɓangare na Crimean sashin. Akwai ya zai sha magani a sanatorium "Maynaki". A Crimea, Ostrovsky gana da Innokentiem Pavlovichem Fedenevym da kuma Alexandra Alekseevna Zhigareva, maza na high akida, wanda aka kira "da Bolsheviks na tsohon makaranta." New abokai za su taka wata babbar rawa a cikin rayuwa na marubuci, shi zai zama na biyu iyaye. Innocent Fedenev zama mafi kusa aboki na marubuci, ya abokin aiki a cikin harkokin da akidar kwaminisanci. Alexander Zhigareva zama "na biyu kuma tsohuwata." Rayuwa da Works of Nikolaya Ostrovskogo tun inextricably nasaba da wadannan mutane. Gaskiya abokai ba zai bar.

Rayuwa a Novorossiysk

m Chronology na rayuwa da kuma aiki na Ostrovsky - shi ne ya tsaya a cikin Krasnodar yankin a kan Black Sea. Wadannan shawarwari na likitoci, Nicholas ci gaba da rayuwa a kudu. Ya koma a tare da dangi a kan masu juna biyu gefen, iyali Matsyuk a Novorossiysk. A cikinsu, zai rayu har shekara biyu, daga 1926 zuwa 1928-th. Health ya ci gaba da deteriorate, tafi Ostrowski ba zai iya, motsa a kan crutches. Duk lokacin da ya kishin karanta littattafai da cewa wani muhimmin bangare ne na rayuwarsa. Nicholas fi so shi ne marubuci Maxim Gorky, bi da litattafansu na Rasha adabi: litattafan Gogol, Pushkin, Leo Tolstoy.

Musamman da hankali ne janyo hankalin Ostrovsky jigo na yakin basasa, ya yi ƙoƙari ya gane tushen wannan events na cewa lokaci, a lokacin da ɗan'uwansu, ya kashe ɗan'uwansa, da kuma mahaifin dan. A daya numfashin karanta Artwork "CHapaev" Furmanova "Cities da Years" Fedina, "Iron Stream" Serafimovicha "kwamishinoni" Libedinskii.

A shekara ta 1927, ankylosing spondylitis, wanda rinjayar Nikolai Ostrovsky, ya kai ta koli, zo cikakken inna na kafafu. Tafiya ya iya ba, ko a kan crutches. M da zafi ba ya hana na minti. Tun wannan lokacin, Nikolai bedridden. Karanta littattafai kadan shagaltar da jiki wahala, adabi, kowace rana ya kawo librarians, wanda kuma ya kasance kusa abokai Ostrovsky. An kanti ga mãsu haƙuri zama rediyo cewa ko ta yaya, amma ya danganta shi ga kasashen waje.

A karshen shekara ta 1927, Nikolai Ostrovsky na'am da rubutu sashen na kwaminis University Yakova Sverdlova, da kuma wannan taron ya kasance mai farin ciki a gare shi. Abokai sami m sakon: "ina karatu a baya nan Kwance !!!" Rayuwa na hakura m Ostrovsky sa hankali.

Sa'an nan kuma wani masĩfa faru - ido cuta. Duk da yake wannan ne kawai kumburi, amma nan da nan akwai wani zai zo da asarar hangen nesa. Doctors ake tantama haramta karanta, ba su kasala da idanu. Abin da ya yi, da yadda za a zauna a yanzu!?

Apartment a Sochi

A kafofin yada rashin lafiya marasa lafiya Nikolaya Ostrovskogo bayyana matarsa, Raisa Porfirevna, wanda ya hadu da a Novorossiysk. Abokai fafitikar taimaka matasa iyali, godiya ga} Aleksandry Zhigarevoy Ostrovskim samar da wani Apartment a Sochi. Iya tattara wasu kudi, rai hankali ya fara gina. Amma Nikolai ta kiwon lafiya ci gaba da deteriorate, musculoskeletal aiki kusan gaba daya rasa, da aiwatar da ya zama babu ja. A hangen nesa kuma ya raunana da kowane wucewa rana kuma da wuya a karanta ko da manyan haruffa. Hours na sauran taƙaice mayar gani, amma 'yar alamar eyestrain sa a Ɓoyo sake. Janar kiwon lafiya Ostrovsky ya catastrophic, da bege na dawo da. Abokai ne ko da yaushe kusa, kuma kawai shi ya ba wani ƙarfi ga mãsu haƙuri.

Moscow lokaci

Biography Ostrowski, rayuwa da kuma aiki sun kai wani sabon mataki a cikin Oktoba shekara ta 1929, a lokacin da Nicholas da matarsa zo a Moscow for ido tiyata. Duk da cewa ya aka sa a cikin mafi kyau dakunan shan magani ga Farfesa M. Averbakh, janar kumburi a ko'ina cikin jiki ya sa wani mummunan dauki. shi ba zai yiwu su gudanar da aiki.

Rayuwa a zamantakewa Apartment a Moscow da aka aggravated tsanani rashin lafiya Ostrovsky. Wife bar for aiki, sai ya zauna shi kadai. A sa'an nan aka yanke shawarar rubuta littafi. The jiki na ya m, da kuma rai yearned for kai-magana. Abin farin, hannuwansa kiyaye motsi, amma Nicholas bai gani. Sa'an nan, ya je sama tare da musamman na'ura, da ake kira "gaskiya", da wanda shi yiwuwa a rubuta ɗimuwa. Lines sahu a m layuka, page Writing ne mai sauki, kawai ya lokaci don canja zanen gado, rubuta a kan net.

A farkon kerawa

Matakai na rayuwa da kuma kerawa Ostrovsky bayyana shi a matsayin da wuya mutum wanda bai karya duk wani gwaje-gwaje. Cuta kawai ya ƙarfafa shi unbending nufin. Nikolai Ostrovsky fara rubuta ta farko da aikin kasancewa tsanani da rashin lafiya, immobile kuma makaho. Duk da haka, ya gudanar ya halicci wani m aikin da ya shiga Golden Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Wannan labari "yaya da Karfe An zafin".

Yana rubuta cewa da dare, ko da yake ya wuya. Morning 'yan qasar tattara a warwatse a kan bene crumpled zanen gado, da suka daidaita su da kuma kokarin karkasa rubuta. The tsari da aka raɗaɗi ne, yayin da Ostrovsky fara shibta rubutu don 'yan uwa, suka kuma rubuta ta. A yanayin nan da nan ya tafi daidai, fata aiki tare da marubuci ya rife. A cikin wani karamin dakin a kabilu Apartment a Moscow da aka je kawai uku related iyalansu, fiye da goma mutane.

Duk da haka, ba ko da yaushe kasance ya iya shibta, kuma a rubuta wani sabon rubutu a lokaci daya, tun da dukan dangi sun kasance m a wurin aiki. Sa'an nan Nikolai Ostrovsky ya tambayi abokiyar zama Galyu Alekseevu rubuta shi matani karantawa. Kuma wayo, ilimi yarinya da aka ba makawa mataimaki.

Roman "Kamar yadda zafin karfe"

Ostrovsky rubuta surori Aka sake buga shi, kuma haƙĩƙa, sun shige Aleksandre Zhigarevoy, wanda yake a Birnin Leningrad, ya kuma yi yunkurin mika rubutun ga ɗaba'ar. Duk da haka, duk ta yunkurin kasance m, aikin karanta, yabo da kuma mayar da su. Domin Ostrovskogo Roman "yaya da Karfe An zafin" shi ne ma'anar ransa, ya dandana cewa rubutun ba zai buga.

A Moscow, da littafin da labari kokarin yi Innokentiy Pavlovich Fedenev, sai ya wuce ya rubutum da wallafa gidan "Sun Guard" da kuma jira a amsa edita. Bayan wani lokaci, bi da wani nazari da aka gaske korau. Fedenev nace a kan sake jarrabawa. Kuma a sa'an nan "kankara ya karye", da rubutum fadi a hannun marubuci Mark Kolosov, wanda a hankali karanta abun ciki na labari da kuma bada shawarar ga ɗaba'ar.

A littafin da labari

Marubuci Kolosov, tare da manyan edita na mujallar "The Sun Guard" cũtar Karavaevoy bita da rubutum, da samfurin fara buga shafukan wata-wata. Shi ne mai nasara Nikolaya Ostrovskogo da labari "yaya da Karfe An zafin". Tare da marubuci ya kammala da kwangila, ya samu wani fee, rayuwa kõma ma'anarta.

A aikin da aka buga a mujallar "The Sun Guard" a cikin biyar da dakuna, daga watan Afrilu zuwa Satumba 1932. A kan backdrop na duniya murna iyalai da dangi na marubuci shi aka baqin ciki da cewa labari ne rage by soke surori da dama. Bisa ga ƙa'ida wallafa bayyana wannan rashin takarda, amma da mawallafa yi imani da cewa "durkusar da littafin." Duk da haka, a karshen, Nikolai Ostrovsky murabus.

Daga baya, labari "yaya da Karfe An zafin" akai-akai Aka sake buga shi a kasashen waje, aikin bincike da classic misali na Indomitable Rasha hali. Marubuci ya rubuta wani labari da ake kira "Haihuwa na Storm", amma, a cikin kalmomi na marubucin, "da samfurin ya kasance kasa," musamman tun da ya kawo karshen Ostrovsky ba dole, ya mutu yana da shekaru 36 da aka binne shi a Novodevichy hurumi a Moscow .

memory

Lokaci na kerawa Ostrovsky - shi ne haske shafukan da jaruntakar hanyar rayuwar mutum a kan wanda ba shi da ikon ba da cuta, babu mai zurfi jin cizon yatsa. A marubuci ya halitta kawai yanki daya, amma shi ya kasance haka babban wahayi, a cikin litattafan, wasu sauran mawallafa ba faruwa domin duk su tsawon rai. Nikolai Ostrovsky da labari "yaya da Karfe An zafin" har abada rubũtacce a cikin tarihi na Rasha wallafe-wallafe.