Rasha Futurist mawãƙi ne. Azurfa Age Futurist

By karshen na farko shekaru goma na karni na 20th a Yammacin Turai da aka yada wani sabon modernist shugabanci da magana kira "Futurism" (fassara daga Latin - "nan gaba").
An dauke su m na Italian marubuci Filippo Marinetti, ya yi kira a cikin 1909, da cikakken halakar dukan kafa al'adu dabi'u da kuma hadisai a cikin image na duniya. Maimakon na Futurist kasida kusantar da masu karatu 'da hankali ga yau da sauri paced rayuwa, da kuma fi son yin magana game da nan gaba. Dukan manyan guzuri an saita fita a manifesto, marubucin na farko daga gare su, kuma ya fara Marinetti.

Samar da wani halin da sabon art ya asalin niyyar na Futurists, duka a Turai da kuma a Rasha. Daga baya marubuta sun goyon artists suka riƙi a matsayin dalilin da mutum image a cibiyar na ci gaba da tafiya na duniya, warin wakilta a matsayin babban yawan lissafi siffofi.

Features lyrics Futurists

A gwarzo na sabon ayyukan avant-garde shugabanci - wani mazaunin na zamani birnin, tare da aiwatar, high-gudun, kuri'a na kayan aiki da kuma wutar lantarki, abu don taba mafi girma kamalar rayuwa. Lyrical "I" futurists mafadaci neman ya tsere daga na gargajiya da suka wuce, wanda aka bayyana a wani musamman tunanin cewa ba ya yarda da dokokin ginin kalma, kalmar samuwar kuma lexical karfinsu na kalmomi. Babban maƙasudin biyã da futurist mawãƙi - kai your hali da kuma fahimtar abin da ke faruwa kewaye da wani yana nufin dace da mutumin.

Samuwar Rasha avant-garde

A Rasha, wani sabon Trend ya fara dauki siffar a 1910. Wannan ne lokaci a lõkacin da riba shahararsa, da yawa kasida na Azurfa Age. Futurists sauri janyo hankali. Bugu da kari ga rarrabe art nau'i na aya (a duk mutunta), shi ne ciyar da haddasa scandalous magana a cikin jama'a, kuma mai tafiya a kan manyan biranen na Rasha.

Rasha Futurism, da bambanci ga Turai, ya ba da cikakken kuma daban-daban heterogeneity. Tsakanin avant-garde samara da kanana, wani lokacin lura quite mai zafin muhawara. Akwai sun kasance lokuta inda Futurist kasida shige daga daya jam'iyya zuwa wani. Amma mafi girma nasarorin har yanzu suna da biyu cibiyoyin wannan Trend: Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg.

Izza-Futurists

A arewacin babban birnin kasar kasida firtsi a 1912 da suka zangar a kusa da Ivan Ignatiev. Su Kwafa da Izza-Futurists kansu, wanda nufi "I - nan gaba." A manyan matsayi a cikin wannan da'irar ya lashe Igor Severyanin (Lotarev), wanda shi ne, a wannan shekarar kayyade babban fasali na asali sunan da sabon shugabanci a wakoki. A nasa ra'ayin, "da iko dukka son kai" ya zama wani karfi kafin wanda babu abin da zai tsaya. Shi ya, ba amenable ga pacification, wanda ya kai ta koli bikin, bugãwa, a cikin ra'ayi na kasida, shi ne kawai daidai kullum.

Publisher "Petersburg kira yanã" ya dandamali daga abin da suke Futurist mawãƙi ne. Lyrics of daban-daban sabon kalmar tsarin da kuma karbuwa ga Rasha da harshen waje harshe, zai fi dacewa Jamus da Faransa m. A sakamakon haka, m Izza-Futurists samu dabiu, Yanã kadan kama da Legacy of su Italian takwarorinsu, wanda ya tsaya a asalin da avant-garde Trend in wallafe-wallafe.

"Gilea"

Ɗan daban-daban daga St. Petersburg a sharuddan da halaye ga hoton na gaskiya Moscow kasida-futurists. Jerin farawa da 'yan'uwansu Burliuk, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Velimir Khlebnikov. Su saɓa wa "Na" mafi m "mu" da kuma shelar da kansu Cubo-Futurists. Asalin dandali kasance a gare su hada "Gilea", kafa a 1910 a Moscow.

Suka tuna da tushen da nuna alfahari sa da sunan "Rasha Futurists". Poets kokarin wuya a ware kansa daga Italian abokan aiki, da kuma Khlebnikov ko miƙa ya ba shugabanci na wani sabon sunan - "budetlyanstvo" cewa zai jaddada ta musamman da suka bambanta da individualism. An sa'an nan kuma aka buga scandalous manifesto "mara a fuskar jama'a dandano", nan da nan ja hankalin na dukan Rasha kawo dukkan. Wannan ya biyo ta m wasanni da kuma jawabai, a cikin abin da Futurist kasida gigice masu sauraro tare da ya bayyanar da m (zaton Mayakovsky da ya shahara rawaya jacket ko kasida fentin fuska). Fãsi? Duba littafin na su waqe-waqe, manifestos, shirye-shirye da kuma buga shi a kan tsohon wallpaper, sa'an nan a kan Kintsa takarda, kuma ba ko da yaushe domin ya cece kudi. Wani tuhumce cikakken watsi for data kasance da wallafe-wallafen] iya da halittar m kalmomi da cikakken unconventional hanyoyi na Tsarin rubutu, amma, a cewa kamar yadda shi may, duk wannan daga baya bayar da "bullies" (kamar yadda suke sukan kira a cikin al'umma) da wata murya da kyau cancanta suna na "kasida na Azurfa karni. " Futurists "galea" da positioned a Rasha adabi da kuma gudummawar ta zuwa ga ci gaba da kuma kyautata.

Vladimir Mayakovsky

Mawãƙi-neman sauyi da kuma 'yan tawaye - haka sau da yawa ya yi magana game da shahararrun wakilan Rasha Futurism. A farkon da 1912-1914 lokacin lissafta m hanya Mayakovsky. Kuma yana da hadari a ce cewa ra'ayin avant-garde shugabanci kafa ado dandano na mawãƙi, kuma Ya ƙaddara masa abin rekõdinsa a cikin wallafe-wallafe. A twenties, da yawa an gamsu da cewa Mayakovsky - Futurist mawãƙi, kamar yadda halin da sabon abu ginin kalma aikinsa, wani irin ƙamus, kalma suranta wani yawa na mallaka, mai ban mamaki metaphors. Duk wadannan siffofin na m style of mawãƙi da su Tushen a farkon aikin, kiran da sowa. Kuma bayan shekaru goma da sunansa ne da farko hade ayyukan da Futurists.

Sauran avant-garde trends

A 1913 ya dauki siffar "mezzanine na Poetry" (B. Lavrenev, Shershenevich) da kuma "Lyrics", daga abin da raba a shekara daga baya "yara" (Boris Pasternak, N. Aseev) (kuma wani lokacin kira futurists na biyu taro). Na farko da kungiyar wargaza wajen sauri. "Yara", wanda dade har 1917, da aka bisa ga classic da wallafe-wallafen hadisin, organically hada su tare da futuristic bidi'a. Duk da haka, da kuma wannan shi ne babban sanannun kasida ga wani wadãtar. Boris Pasternak, misali, nan da nan gusa daga wannan yankin da kuma ya faru a cikin adabi na wani m shayari.

Famous kasida na Azurfa Age Futurist

List of Masters na kalmar, yana kiyaye a wani mataki da ya m ideas na avant-garde, shi ne quite m. Sa hannu a cikin ayyukan da wasu daga cikin Futurists ya short-rayu, yayin da wasu zauna a cikin tsarin na shugabanci a ko'ina cikin aiki. A nan ne mafi shahararren wakilan zabi kungiyoyin.

Cubo-Futurists:

• Burliuks - kafa.
• Khlebnikov - inspirer.
• Mayakovsky - mafi fice hali wanda aikin baya tafi da nisa fiye shugabanci.
• Kruchenykh.

"Yara":

• N. Aseev,
• Boris Pasternak,
• S. Bobrov.

Izza-Futurists:

• Founder - "Sarkin Poets" J. Arewa,
• S. Olympus
• Ivanov,
• M. Lokhvitskaya.

"Mezzanine na Poetry":

• Shershenevich,
• S. Tret'yakov,
• R. Ivnev.

Rubezhnoe yakin duniya na farko da kuma juyin juya halin Musulunci

1913-1914 shekaru - wannan lokaci ganiya da daukaka, wanda ya kai Rasha Futurists. Poets aka kyau gane a duk wallafe-wallafen da'irori, shirya babban adadin nune-nunen, laccoci, shayari maraice. A 1915, muna magana ne game da "mutuwa" na Futurism, ko da yake "yara" wanzu for fiye da shekaru 2. Makamantan bayanai na futuristic ra'ayoyi suna ji, kuma bayan juyin juya hali da shekaru 20 da: a farkon shekaru goma - a cikin ayyukansu na kasida daga kungiyar na Tiflis "41o", sa'an nan a cikin ayar oberiutov Petrograd. Har yanzu suna tsunduma a cikin "kyautata" na harshe, canza ta lexical, syntactic, mai hoto tsarin.

Rasha ilimi dangantaka zuwa Futurism

Ana zargin wani sabon shugabanci da kuma m ayyuka daga cikin wakilan sun kõma da hankali na Rasha kawo dukkan. Mutane da yawa da sabanin kalamai a lokacin da aiki kanta ji da futurist mawãƙi ne. List sukar yana buɗewa gane yayin da symbolist Bryusov. The zargi "firtsi" ya sa su bayyana a cikin da dama hanyoyi, "kuɗin da aka biya daga Italian", da kuma wani mummunan hali zuwa hadisai na Rasha al'adu. Duk da haka, ya lura m ƙwãya a cikin aikin na Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg futurists da kuma fatan cewa za su iya "girma a cikin furanni." Babban yanayin - la'akari da data kasance kwarewa na Symbolists.

Barnatar gane sabon mawãƙi Ivan Bunin kuma M. Osorgin, uglyadevshie a aikinsu da kuma hali na hooliganism. Gorky, da bambanci, ga zargin da Futurists a Rasha adabi a dace da kuma dacewa da gaskiya.