Snorri Sturluson - Icelandic mawallafin, tarihi da kuma siyasa

Snorri Sturluson - sanannen Icelandic mawãƙi, mawallafin, tarihi da kuma dattaku. Ya aka sani ga tun da aka tattara da haihuwa Scandinavian sagas, ayyukansa har yanzu rayayye karatu a tarihi kimiyya a matsayin mai muhimmanci da tunawa da tsohon tarihin arewacin kasashen.

farkon shekaru

Snorri Sturluson aka haife shi a 1178 a Iceland. Ya kasance daga cikin iyali na m gonaki. Snorri aka tashi a cikin wani daraja iyali zumunta na Norwegian sarki, inda ya samu mai kyau da ilimi. A nan gaba shahara marubuci, karatu dokar, shayari, adabi, amma mafi muhimmanci, ya samu matsahi na saba da tsoho sagas, wanda baya kafa tushen da ya shahara ƙwarai. The masanin kimiyyar nan da nan ya zama sananne a matsayin talented mawãƙi da kuma lauya.

Ya idon aure a 1199, da kuma daga matarsa samu mai kyau sadaqi. A gaskiya, ya kasance ya shahara akan ikon kawo kansa karfi backers kuma da taimakon su da dangi aure saya m ya zama majiɓinci. Snorri Sturluson ya shahara a mahaifarsa a matsayin talented jama'a adadi, kamar yadda evidenced da cewa ya kuma an zabe lawspeaker - a matsayin cewa an dauke mafi babbar a lokacin. Daga bisani, duk da haka, da siyasa aiki abruptly canza.

a Norway

Snorri Sturluson a 1218 ya bar mahaifarsa da kuma mayar da su cikin sabis ga Norwegian sarki. Ya kasance har yanzu sosai matasa, da kuma lokacin da aka Regent Jarl Schooley. Icelandic marubuci ya zama m tare da shi da kuma ya zama mataimaki, kuma duk da haka karshen nemi karfafa ikonsa, shan amfani da matasa m. A mawãƙi jin dadin da angarorin na Norwegian kotu, kuma su rinjayi bayyana ga sun yi amfani da connect kasarsa tare da Norway. Hakika, wannan ra'ayin siyasa lalace cikin suna a mahaifarsa, inda da yawa shahararren yan siyasa gaskata cewa ya ba zai iya rike babban ofishin lawspeaker. Snorri Sturluson, biography ne ban sha'awa da yawa rubucen da kuma hambarar da na siyasa, duk da haka, mafi sani a matsayin masanin kimiyya da kuma haraji Antiquities Scandinavian.

skaldic shayari littafi

Icelandic marubucin shahara ga tun tattara, da kuma takaita a cikin ayyukansu, mafi tsoho kafofin na Nordic mythology. Nuni da cewa kawai a lokacin da wadannan ayyuka za a buga, wannan mythological hadisin an riga an matafã ba a cikin gabata. Amma da mafi muhimmanci da ayyukan da wani marubuci, wanda shi ne mai irin zo da taro na adabi curiosities. Snorri Sturluson, "Ed" ( "Edda"), wanda shi ne watakila daya daga cikin mafi shahara a cikin ayyukansu, ya m na zamanin d Legends da almara. A wannan hasashe shi ne a 1220-ies halitta ya shahara aiki a kan skaldic shayari, wanda ya tashi, ya familiarize da karatu tare da tsoho dabaru na poetic kerawa. Amma da aikin ne ban sha'awa da kuma musamman tarihi ra'ayi, a cikin abin da yaren, da labari ne a hankali lauye da juna, saboda haka cewa muhawara game da abun ciki da kuma muhimmancin wannan aiki shi ne har yanzu rigima tsakanin masana kimiyya.

tsarin

Babban tushen ga mawãƙi ya zama saga. Snorri Sturluson dangane da irin wannan almara Genre halitta aikinsa. Ban sha'awa content "Matasa Edda", a cikin abin da ya gabatar da hangen nesa daga cikin duniya da kuma ta tarihi. Yana buɗewa rubutu a prologue, a cikin abin da tarihi tattaunawa game da yadda Scandinavian warriors bar Troy kuma zauna a arewacin Turai, inda da gida mutane gane su iko. A bangare na biyu da ake kira "Gylfaginning". A da shi marubucin ya gaya labarin yadda konung tafiya don ilmi da koyon aiwatar san game da duniya da kuma ka'idojin ta aiki. Wannan song ya fi dace domin bayanin Scandinavian mythological ideas game da yanayi, da halittu da kuma labaru game da almara da kuma Semi-almara heroes.

Sulusin hulda da kayan yau da kullum na shayari. Su Snorri tuno da ka'idodi na Scandinavian shayari, mayar da hankali a kan dabaru irin su canza sunayen da daban-daban lexical tsarin rubutu. A karshe, karshe sashi ba shi da wani Jimillar ayar qagaggun marubucin, wanda a kan su misali ya nuna daban-daban embodiments Scandinavian stanzas. Ya kamata a lura da cewa, a cikin rãyuwar da marubuci ta waqe ba rare - a kan m, su sukan soki domin ta kowanne kofa salon da wuya a cikin image na tunani da ra'ayoyi. A yanzu lokaci wallafe-wallafen sukar la'akari da lyrical abubuwan da ban sha'awa tunawa a kan kwaikwayo na zamanin d Scandinavian kasida.

tarin sagas

Daya daga cikin shahararrun haraji na antiquities ya Snorri Sturluson. "A da'irar duniya" - na musamman da samfurin, wanda ya ƙunshi wata babbar adadin tarihi abu ba kawai a cikin Nordic kasashe, amma a irin wannan babban jihar kamar yadda Ancient Rasha, Rum, Ingila. Marubucin ya rubuta aikin a kan tushen da biyu da aka rubuta da kuma baka kafofin. Amma dalilin da aikinsa a cikin na farko wuri tafi skaldic shayari, kamar yadda shi da kansa ya ce a cikin prologue. Ya nakalto yawa da suka shahara kasida, amma a lokaci guda 'yan fafitika da su abu, sau da yawa reprises yawa storylines.

kafofin

Marubuci rayayye amfani RUBUCE bayanai da fari da daban-daban sagas na Norwegian sarakuna. Ya kuma kusantar da tãtsũniyõyin, tsoho jaruntakar Legends. Saboda haka, 'yan za a iya gano a cikin sabon aiki na al'adu yadudduka. The sosai abun da ke ciki na asali ba a kiyaye su. Kai da mu ne kawai ya bada jerin sunayen mutum Editocin, fassarorin, sa shi mafi wuya da aikin gano asalin, asali, asalin rubutu. Har ila yau a cikin aikinsa da aka ambata da Snorri Sturluson game da Slavs. Saboda haka, ya rubuta game da kasar, wanda aka located arewa na Black Sea. Ya kira da kogin Don (da gaskiya, a cikin littafinsa, ya bada shi wani sunan). A ra'ayinsa, wadannan yankuna, wanda sa'an nan housed Ancient Rasha, kasance a kan gãɓar na duniya, da kuma rayu a can ba a sani ba mutane.

sauran ayyukan

A 1220-1240-ies masanin rubuta "The Saga Egils." Wannan lokaci ya juya zuwa ga tarihin kasar da kuma a cikin mythological form gaya game da tarihin Icelandic aiki, faro 9 da kuma kawo karshen tare da 11th karni. A tsakiyar labari - da labarin skald Egil, wanda aka gabatar a matsayin wani sosai rigima adadi. Iyalinsa ne ba batun sarakuna, amma a lokaci guda kuma ba ya aiki da bayyane, a kansu. Snorri ya gaya masa tafiyarka a cikin Nordic kasashen, sakamakon ya waqe. A cikin sabon aikin, ya gaya labarin da ƙarni da dama, kyale shi ya tura mai fadi panorama na Icelandic mutane a farkon lokaci. Mythological form dama obfuscates da ainihin tarihin asali, amma yanzu gani a matsayin tushen da saga na tsohon tarihin Iceland.

Wani sananne aiki na tarihi - "Raba Saga na Olaf Mai Tsarki." Wannan Norwegian-sarki ya rayu da mulki a cikin 11th karni da kuma zama na farko da hristianizatorom kasar su. Ya mutu a cikin 1030, amma wadannan shekara aka canonized. Snorri a cikin aikinsa gaya labarin da ya exploits waje na kasar, ta gwagwarmaya tare da Swedish King, ya gudu zuwa Rasha da kuma mayar da su gida don sake samu iko, da kuma canonization.

'yan shekarun nan

A harkar siyasa na marubuci ya ci gaba cikin sauri, kuma da sauri, amma ƙare sosai takaici. Mun riga mun ambata cewa ya goyan bayan Jarl Schooley, wanda ya regent ga qananan Norwegian sarakuna. Bugu da kari, ya goyan bayan ra'ayin ƙungiya daga Iceland, da Norway. Tare da wannan matsayi ya halitta da yawa makiya. Zo a cikin da kansa, sarki, ba shakka, ba zai yarda siyasa tarihi. Abokan adawar a gida kuma rayayye bayar da shawarar da su rabu da shi daga mulki. Wannan tangle na sabani ya jagoranci wani ban tausayi karshen: marubuci aka kisan gilla a 1241, da kuma wannan mummunan labarin da aka nuna a daya daga cikin sagas, don haka da cewa bakin ciki rabo daga cikin shahararrun masanin kimiyyar sanin tabbas kowane skandinavets. Snorri Sturluson, wanda littattafai ne mai muhimmanci da tushen tsohon tarihin, sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga adabi da kuma historiography.