Boris Morozov, ubangijina: biography, Legacy

Daga cikin statesmen na pre-Petrine Rasha, daya daga cikin mafi shahararren wakilan wannan zamanin ne zuwa ga Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich courtier -boyarin Morozov Boris Ivanovich. Evaluation na da ayyukan bazai bayyana: don haka cikakken advocating ga jindadin jihar da kuma inviolability da kursiyin, ya fadi sau da dama a kan kafadu na talakawa mutane numfashi ba nauyin talauci cewa ya tsokani tashin hankali, abu don jini tarzoma.

Hawa sabon courtier

Boyar Boris Morozov aka haife a karshen na XVI karni. Fate aka irin masa - da aka haife shi ba kawai daya daga cikin magada daga zamanin d kuma daraja iyali, amma kuma da zumunta, albeit m, zuwa ga sarki. Morozov da Romanovs aka alaka more ga sarautarsa da Mikhail Fedorovich.

A 1613 a Moscow, ya gana da Zemsky Sobor, wanda bayani a kan karaga, na farko wakilin Romanov daular, an zabe - goma sha shida Mikhail Fedorovich. Daga cikin mahalarta taron na babban coci, bar su sa hannu a karkashin tarihi diploma, wani matashi bafadan Boris Ivanovich Morozov. Tarihinsa daga yanzu inextricably nasaba da pinnacle na jihar iko.

hikima malama

Boyars Morozov - Boris da ɗan'uwansa Gleb - kasance a karkashin sabon Sarkin barci matsayi, kyale su su sauri zama daya daga "su" mutane da kuma ci nasara da juyayi na autocrat, da fiye da haka abin da suka kasance kusan guda shekaru tare da shi. Lokacin da aka haife shi a 1629, magajin a kan karaga, nan gaba Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (mahaifin Petra Velikogo) aka shekaru hudu da haihuwa, Boris Morozov, aka nada waliyyinsa (ko, kamar yadda suka ce a wa annan kwanaki, "Uncle").

Godiya ga Boris Ivanovich nan gaba, Sarkin samu wani m ilimi. Bugu da kari ga fahimtar kayan yau da kullum na nahawu da Catechism, matasa sarkin ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa Yammacin artists zana rubutu da kuma m m kwafi. Kallo da su tare da shawarta, ya samu wani tunani na motsi na samaniya jikinsu, iri-iri na Flora da fauna, kazalika a kan rayuwar mutane a wasu ƙasashe. Akwai shaida da cewa labarin da yarima karatu da taimakon da Personal vault - labarinsa kwatanta da dama kwafi.

The hali na nan gaba, Sarkin

shawarta harkokinmu ba a banza - magajin sarautar samu m ilimi a fannoni daban daban. Suke dashi autographs nuna cewa ya rubuta cikin hikima da kuma a lokaci guda mallaki mai kyau da wallafe-wallafen style. Amma babban sakamakon ilimin sa a gaskiyar cewa ainihi daga cikin sarkin ba mur da bukatun na Da'a da kuma kotun aikinsu. A cikin haruffa zuwa Ƙaunatattunka da ya bayyana bude da dumi-zuciya mutum. Ba mamaki, da Alexis ga sauran Morozov dauke masa ɗansa na biyu mahaifin kuma bi da shi yadda ya kamata.

Amma ga su ilimi, sa'an nan, bisa ga memoirs na Sahaban, boyar Boris Morozov samu shi woefully rashin cancantar kansu. Da yake jawabi na wanda, ga alama nufin jãhilci daga kasashen waje harsuna da kuma rashin iyawa don karanta Turai littattafai. Kaina hada su da takardun nuna cewa ya fara karatu da kuma ilimi, da fiye da haka a cikin bẽnãye sanya sosai m da kuma ban sha'awa library.

Da bukatar gwamnatin garambawul

Sarkin sarakuna Alexis gaji gadon sarauta sa'ad da yake kawai shekara goma sha shida, da kuma kawai 'yan watanni bayan da cewa rasa mahaifiyarsa. Shi ne ba abin mamaki bane cewa a irin wannan matashi yana so ya zama na gaba don mai hikima m ne kuma abin dogara, musamman tun lokacin da halin da ake ciki rinjaye a lokacin a Rasha, ya kira ga nan da nan da kuma m canje-canje a yankunan da yawa na gida da manufofin.

A mafi gaggawa da matakan da ya kamata a dauka a cikin na'urar birane, haraji da kuma tsarin ƙarfafa karkashin shugabancin tsakiya ikon. Dukan wadannan ayyuka da ake dauka kan gwamnatin, wanda aka jagorancin Sarkin amintaccen bawan - Boris Ivanovich Morozov. 17th karni zuwa farkon na Rasha ya kawo gaya wahalhalu. Wannan ƙiren ƙarya bayyana a karkashin sunan Prince Dimitri, da mamayewa na Dogayen sanda, da kuma mummunan amfanin gona kasawa da ya sa aka mutuwa ta dalilin matsananciyar yunwa dubban Russia. Bugu da kari, sun taka rawar gani, da kuma a bayyane yake kuskure a baya mulkinsa. Duk wannan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa yawa matsaloli bukata nan da nan mafita.

A kwalkwali

Zama da Rasha autocrat, Alexis kusan gaba daya ya canza da abun da ke ciki na gwamnati, entrusting duk key matsayi mafi kusa ga mutanensa, cikinsu da kuma Morozov. Boris - Boyar kaifin baki da kuma shi ke da muhimmanci sosai - tattalin arziki, da kaddamar da jihar da sake fasalin da wannan riko da management na nasu fiefdoms.

Sarkin sarakuna wakkala shi da management na mahara umarni, mafi alhakin cikinsu aka umurci taskar (finance), waje da kuma Streletsky. Bugu da kari, an gudanar da jihar kenkenewa a kan cinikayya na giya a duk sau ne mai muhimmanci na kasa kasafin kudin. Saboda haka, a cikin hannãyenku daga Morozov mai karfi babban ikon - kudi, sojojin da kuma kula da kasa da kasa da siyasa.

Gyare-gyaren shibtarsu da rai

A mafi muhimmanci na ayyuka da aka kawo domin kudi kansu. Don wannan karshen, Boris Morozov gudanar da wani jerin matakan for rage na ɓarna, overgrown da lokaci da gwamnati ta halin kaka. Tsaftace jihar na'ura, ya canza da yawa gwamnoni, mired a cin hanci da rashawa, da kuma wasu daga cikinsu suka kawo wa adalci. Bugu da kari, a gidan sarauta an rage da kuma patriarchal bãyi, kuma waɗanda suka zauna a cikin na asali wurare, rage albashi.

Past sake fasalin a cikin gida gwamnati, kazalika a cikin sojojin. Amma, kamar yadda yakan faru a Rasha, kawo domin ya juya a cikin sabon hargitsi. M da kuma dace da matakan Morozova kai ga cewa mafi yawan lokuta zuwa kafin wa Gwamnan da kuma shugabannin umarni dauka a kan ta clerks da clerks, wanda nan da nan ya karu damfarar, haddasa janar damunsu.

Wata matsala, wadda kokarin warware Morozov, ya tattara haraji daga birane mazauna, da yawa daga cikinsu sun kebe daga haraji, kamar yadda yawan manyan kauyuka gidajen lama da kuma nobility. Bayan bayar wa-duniya ƙidaya, shi ya bayar da wani uniform biyan haraji da duk 'yan ƙasa. Hakika, tun da za'ayi irin wannan muhimmanci fanni, ya kuma ru cikin taskar, amma sanya da yawa m abokan. Bugu da kari, da kara haraji ga shigo da kayayyaki ta waje fatake, ya rabu da cinikayya mutane.

gishiri tarzoma

A karshe rauno cewa karya haƙuri da mazauna na Moscow da yawa Rasha birane, ya ƙara da farashin gishiri, da sayar da abin da yake a jihar kenkenewa. Wannan gwargwado Boris Morozov kokarin maye gurbin da yawa kai tsaye haraji. A dabaru ya sauki - biya haraji da za a iya kauce masa, amma ba zai iya wani mutum daya ba tare da gishiri. Siyan daga jihar wannan samfurin da overpaying wasu adadin, ya game da shi ya kawo da rabo daga haraji tarin.

Amma kamar yadda maganar ke, "da aka yi liyi da kyau nufi hanya zuwa jahannama." Gyare-gyaren da nufin karfafa jihar da kuma inganta rayuwar al'ummarta, sun kai ga general damunsu da cewa kunna, a cikin taron, ya kira "gishiri tarzoma". Su aka directed yafi kan Boyar Morozov da gwamnatin.

A wannan lokaci, a matsayinsa a kotu muhimmanci ƙarfafa saboda ya aure ga 'yar'uwar Tsarina Maria Miloslavskaya, duk da haka, ko da makusanta da monarch iya kare ƙi bafadan daga mutane da fushin. M gunaguni da kuma janar damunsu wuni a watan Mayu 1648 a mataki.

A farkon jayayya

Daga tarihin wadanda shekaru muka sani cewa tashin hankali ya fara da cewa taron tsaya sarki, wanda kuwa yana dawowa daga wani aikin hajji a cikin Triniti-Sergius Lavra, kuma suka jũya zuwa gare shi tare da gunaguni, mai yawan zargin Morozov da fādawansa a cikin cin hanci da rashawa. Zai yiwu ga Sarkin sarakuna za su iya kwantar da hankalin mutane, kuma duk da haka akwai wani bude tawaye, amma maharba, biyaya kai tsaye zuwa Boris Ivanovich, garzaya zuwa doke taron lashes. Wannan aiki a matsayin wani detonator domin kara aukuwa.

Kashegari, taron ya barke a cikin Kremlin, inda suka hadu ne da maharba, kuma ji rauni a amfani da latest sake fasalin. Masu zanga-zangar fasa da wawushe fadar sarki. Sashe na daga cikin 'yan tawayen suka shiga ruwan inabi cellar, inda, da kuma samu mutuwar bayan da wuta fara. Wadannan da suka hallaka suka kona gidajen mutane da yawa daga cikin boyars, kuma waɗanda suka fadi ta hannun jama'a kashe. Amma babban makiyin taron kuwa suka Boris Morozov. Boyar sa irin wannan kiyayya a cikin mutane, duk wuya ya extradition ga nan da nan azãba.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Kawai masu zaman kansu sarki alkawari Morozova kau da kai daga duk ya kwantar da taron da kuma yarda ka gudu daga babban birnin kasar zuwa St. Cyril-Belozersky sufi, inda ya boye har gaba daya mallaki Masu zanga-zangar. Bayan ya sake Moscow gudun hijira bafadan ci gaba da tafiyar da harkokin jama'a, amma a lokaci guda kokarin ba da za a gani. Lokacin da ɓullo da sanannen "Conciliar The Code", wanda ya zama tushen shekaru da yawa da shari'a tsarin na Rasha dokokin, aiki a kan shi da kuma halarci Boyar Morozov, Boris Ivanovich.

Tarihinsa cikin last tsawon rayuwa nuna yawa shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki ailments cewa sun auku a wannan sau daya Tsayayyar kuma cike da makamashi mutum. Boris mutu a 1661. Tsar Alexis da kaina tare a kan na karshe tafiya da ya ƙaunataccen shawarta, wanda aka ga shi, Boris Morozov.

marigayi wasiyya gaji da ɗan'uwansa Gleb kamar yadda ya a lokacin da babu matarsa, babu yara. Lokacin da ɗan'uwana, kuma nan da nan ya gama da duniya tafiya, jihar shige wa ɗansa, amma a gaskiya a jefa shi da uwarsa - noblewoman Feodosiya Morozova, da aka sani a cikin tarihi da ya splittist ayyukan da immortalized a cikin shahararrun zanen da Vasily Surikov.