Azovskie yin yawo Bitrus 1 taƙaice

Rigayi zamanin Bitrus da Rasha tarihi bar mai yawa warware matsalar al'amurran da suka shafi, kuma daya daga cikinsu - shi ne landlocked, tsanani hampers da ci gaban da Rasha jihar. Moscow Rasha ko da yaushe aka mai ɗaci gwagwarmaya kan ikon mallakar kudancin al'arshi. A ci gaba na kowane jihar dogara a kan yiwuwar shigar duniya cinikayya fagen fama da kuma da ikon da za su gudanar da wani m kasashen waje da manufofin. Rashin kai tsaye dama ga tẽku hana Rasha na babbar damar.

A dalilan da tafiye-tafiye zuwa Azov

The gaggawa bukatar kara girma na jihar ya tashi a nuna na karni, an alama ta mulkin na mai girma kawo canji Bitrus 1, zama babban aiki na gamewa da ciki hadin kan kasa, da karfafa ta soja ikon da kara duniya muhimmanci. Search for hanyoyi a duniya fagen siyasa kai ga inevitability na kudancin yaƙin neman zaɓe, da ake kira Azov kamfen na Bitrus 1. A takaice bayyana wasu dalilai na su da ya faru.

Masana tarihi da'awar cewa ga ƙarni da hare-hare na Crimean Tatars na Rasha ƙasar domin kusan miliyan biyar mutane da aka kore a cikin bauta. A bukatar adawa da dabbanci farauta domin maza wani dalili na farko na kudancin zanga. Dauka a rabi na biyu na karni XVII Chigirinsky man gas Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich da Crimean balaguro na Prince Golitsyn bai kawo ta dace sakamakon, barin wannan tambaya na da karfi matsayi a cikin Black Sea ƙasashe warware matsalar. Saboda haka, matasa Peter iya ba mayar da hankali duk hankalinka a kan al'amurran da suka shafi na tsaron kan iyaka, da kuma bude tare da samun damar zuwa kudancin teku yiwuwa waje girma.

A fashewa a cikin 1670s yaki tare da Turkey da kuma Crimea Rasha ya yi a matsayin wani ɓangare daga cikin karfi jihohin - mambobi ne na Kirista hadin gwiwa. A cikin 1690s Rasha ta masõya - Poland da kuma Austria - sun ƙarasa da wata yarjejeniya tare da Turkey a kan yanayin duniya ba tare da game da Rasha bukatun - don haka ya ce tarihi. Peter sa a gaba yana bukatar shi ta dakatar da hare-hare da kuma yiwuwar free iyo Rasha jiragen ruwa a cikin Azov da kuma Black Tekuna. An kalubalance su da Turks da shekaru da yawa. Tattaunawar jan a har 1694. Sa'an nan Bitrus 1 yanke shawarar aiwatar da yanayin ikon makamai.

Babban maƙasudin shi ne sansanin soja na Azov, located in bakin Don kuma kulle damar yin amfani da tekun Black Sea. Kai shi aka buɗe sama Rasha damar zuwa tekun, da sanya shi yiwuwa a gina da sojojin ruwa da kuma kafa wani outpost domin kara fada. Shekaru Azov kamfen na Bitrus 1, wani watershed a tarihin kasar.

Da tsare-tsaren na farko yaƙin neman zaɓe

Tare da halayyar ƙarfin hali da kuma yaro shekaru maximalism matasa sarki a farkon 1695 ya sanar da wani kari a cikin Crimea. Ya na farko Azov yaƙin neman zaɓe na Bitrus 1. Domin disorient da kuma janye hankalin duniya daga makiya warriors Azov tarin aka sanar a Moscow, da niyyar tafiya zuwa ƙananan kai na da Dnieper karkashin B. P. Sheremeteva. A lokaci guda, a asirce kafa ta talatin Azov sojojin, kunsha na saman uku rarrabu a karkashin umurnin generals Lefort, Gordon, Golovin, tun dauke da makamai fiye da 100 rokoki da kuma 40 arquebuses.

The sarki da kansa aka jera a cikin Army scorer Petrom Alekseevym. Umurnin da sojojin da aka ba mayar da hankali a cikin wannan hannuwanku. Muhimmanci al'amurran da suka shafi aka aikata da a majalisa da kuma amince da Bitrus 1.

A yaƙin neman zaɓe zuwa Azov

Azov kamfen na Bitrus 1 fara a 1695. Spring goma-dubbai sahun gaba Gordon ta division, mayar da hankali a Tambov, tafi a kan Azov. Ya tafi jejin Cherkassy, inda yake shiga ta Don Cossacks. Sansanin soja na Azov, located a kan hagu banki na Don, ba da nisa daga bakinsa, shi ne mai girma garu kagara daga dukkan bangarorin.

A marigayi Yuni, Gordon kai matuƙar manufa, da kuma yi zango a kusa da Fort. Domin saukowa daga cikin manyan sojojin a cikin sama Azov Kaysugi kogin ya gina Mytishevuyu marina. A daidai wannan lokaci da babban sojojin zo a kan waɗansu kõguna na Moscow, da Volga da Oka zuwa Tsaritsyn, sa'an nan overland zuwa Panshin da waƙa da baya tare da Don zuwa Azov, wanda wãtse daga farkon watan Yuli, aka located kudu na sansanin soja, mikewa fitar zuwa Kagalnik River. Siege shakatawa da kuma harsasai da aka dan lokaci adana a Mytishevoy ginshiƙin gada, wanda ya zama irin na da tushe daga wanda da wadata, an kaddamar da makamai masu linzami zuwa Army.

A kewaye da gaba raka'a Gordon ta sojojin a farkon Yuli tare da wani karfi bombardment na sansanin soja, a sakamakon wanda ganuwar ta aka mugun lalace. Amma da kewaye birni daga ƙasar kiyaye daga inflow abinci da kuma harsasai zuwa teku. Sojojin Rasha da aka kasa, karfi da rundunar motoci da, da kuma hana abokan gaba ba zai iya, yin yaƙi ya kewaye ta ba a kawo ake so sakamako. A Turks, da goyan bayan da sojojin doki na Crimean Tatars, suka yi yaƙi a waje ganuwar da kagara, sanya m sorties.

A dare na Yuli 20, da dama sassa na sojojin Peter Na koma zuwa dama banki na Don da main, gina garun da sojoji masu makamai da manyan bindigogi, sun iya ci gaba da shelling birnin daga arewa. Kamar yadda kusa da kusurwoyi, Rasha, sojoji suka kaddamar da wani hari a kan 5 ga watan Agusta. Azov haƙurin. A kewaye dade lokaci mai tsawo, an yanke shawarar zuwa maimaita hari. Breaking shiga cikin birnin ta hanyar wani kananan rushewar wani mine fashewa, da sojoji Gordon aka niƙa ta Turkish sojojin. A hari gaza sake, da Turks tilasta sojojin Rasha zuwa janar mãsu bãyar da bãya. Azov kamfen na Bitrus 1, musamman, na farko daga cikinsu, ya saukar da kuskure da kuma blunders a cikin umurnin da management na jihar, yaƙi ya kewaye da yaƙi.

Cike da hushi setbacks da nauyi asarar da, Bitrus ya ba da shawara a kan ƙarshe na kewaye: Satumba 28 ya fara kwance ɗamarar yaƙi da baturi, da kuma a kan Oktoba 2, duk da dakarun tafi Moscow.

cigaba Sheremetyeva

Dauka mataki a kan Dnieper Sheremetyeva da dama biya diyya da haushi da shan kashi a cikin Azov yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ya mallaki biyu gidãje, hasãra da Turks watsi da kagara. Ko da yake gazawar a kan babban shugabanci na fada tilasta matasa sarki ya jinkirta da sojojin zuwa iyakar Sheremetyev, ya bayar da gudunmawar da Azov kamfen na Bitrus 1 ya kasance babba.

Shirya don sabon yaƙin neman zaɓe

Farga da muhimmancin cimma manufofin da nazarin da Sanadin kasawa, Bitrus 1 fara horo ga na gaba Maris kudu. Ya gane cewa tushen da gazawar wannan yakin kuwa shi ne rashin rundunar motoci da kuma nasara hali na tashin mai yiwuwa ne kawai a guda hulda tsakanin kasa da sojojin da kuma soja rundunar motoci, da ikon toshe hanyoyin da Azov teku, sa'an nan ya tauye shi na ƙari da waje taimako. Peter Mai girma, sarautar da suke cike da manyan abubuwa da kuma umurce su da su ci gaba da yi jiragen ruwa a Transfiguration da Voronezh, ya jagoranci yi.

A a layi daya, kafa wani sabon shiryayye daga cikin Azov sojojin, jera karfafa Sheremeteva sojojin runduna kafa farar hula 'yan kasar da kira Cossacks. Don yin sama da rashin soja injiniya ma'aikata, Bitrus ya yi magana da shugabannin m jihohi, Poland da kuma Austria.

Biyu Ziyarar kudu

Azov kamfen na Bitrus 1 ci gaba. A cikin bazara na 1696 da sojoji a karkashin umurnin Generalissimo A. S. Sheina, kunsha na ƙungiyoyin generals Gordon, Golovin da Regemana a total yawan 75 dubu mutane da aka shirya a karo na biyu Azov yaƙin neman zaɓe. A lokacin hunturu gina wani jiragen ruwa, wanda ya dauki umurnin Lefort. Yana kunshi 2 jiragen ruwa, 23 galleys da 4 wuta-jirãge. Bitrus 1 kaddamarda tarin nufi ga sojojin Voronezh, inda girma daga cikin sojojin da aka shirya ya aika zuwa Azov da ƙasa, da kuma manyan bindigogi da kuma sauran ala} a da safarar da ruwa. A dakaru sanya a Moscow a ranar 8 ga Maris da kuma karshen watan, ya mayar da hankali a Voronezh, ya fara loading jiragen ruwa a karshen wanda shugaban sojojin ya tafi zuwa ga sansanin soja.

A May 19, ci gaba raka'a Gordon ta division sauka a Novosergievskaya, dan kadan sama Azov. Babban jirgin Rasha jiragen ruwa don sarrafa yunkuri na Turkish jiragen ruwa tsaye a cikin hanyoyi. Bayan da dama rikicin tilasta da Turks bai yi kuskure ya yi magana da sojoji zuwa ƙarfafa birnin. Su rundunar fita zuwa teku, ba tare da yin wani abu don ajiye kagara. Garrison ba zata sake kewaye. Amfani da wannan tsallake, zuwa har zuwa farkon Yuni da sojojin Rasha ƙarfafa sansanin, sun shagaltar gaba ɗaya kiyaye fuskanci da fara installing manyan bindigogi.

A kewaye da sansanin soja

Biyu kewaye da Azova Petrom da na yi yawa fiye da nasara. Ko da yake Tartars suna warwatse ko'ina cikin steppe, lokaci-lokaci farmaki da besiegers, amma sojojin Azov, ware daga waje duniya, kare ba sosai aiki. Directed kusurwoyi Generalissimo Shein. Jiragen Bitrus da Great kasance a kan hanyoyi, ya kasance a cikin tẽku, da kuma kawai lokaci-lokaci tara a kan rairayin bakin teku don saka idanu hanya na ayyukan soji.

aukuwa

Biyu-mako bombardment na kagara, wanda ya fara a tsakiyar watan Yuni, ya ba kawo so sakamakon - kusurwoyi da ganuwar ba su samu tsanani lalacewa. An sa'an nan kuma sami wani sabon abu amma tasiri bayani: gina fi ƙasar, da shaft, tura shi a kan bango kuma, tun cika sama da tsanya, to za a fara da hari. Shi ne mai babbar aiki. Kowace rana, yana daukan 15 da mutane dubu: biyu shafts aka gina a lokaci guda, da bayyanar da aka yi nufi ga kafa da manyan bindigogi. Wanda ya zo a cikin rundunar sojojin kasar Austria kwararru - injiniyoyi, sappers da manyan bindigogi da shugabantar da aikin, ta amfani da latest hanyoyin da soja injiniya na lokaci.

Azov Shan Bitrus 1 a 1696

Kama daga Azov faru da sauri: a tsakiyar watan Yuli, gaji daga dogon kewaye, da Cossacks tare da Don Cossacks sanya wani mamaki kai hari a kan kagara kuma, nan da nan mu kame ɓangare na babbar katanga, tilasta Turks koma baya. Wannan nasara ta yanke shawarar karshe sakamakon yakin. Kamar wancan ƙare Azov kamfen na Bitrus 1. takaice da kuma powerfully tsãwace da dama m counterattacks, Rasha dangane da mika wuya. Kewaye da Turks fara shawarwari sharuddan sallama. Yuli 19, Peter sojojin shiga Azov.

Yana da wuya a overestimate muhimmancin wannan nasara ce ga Rasha, kuma ƙarami na sarki, wanda ya fara sarauta a kasar rabo wanda ya kawo Azov kamfen na Bitrus 1. Table gwada abubuwan tarihin da biyu kamfen nuna yadda sauri da Sarkin sarakuna su bincika, kuma kimanta kuskure, yadda m da suka kasance sunã gyara.