Basic ka'idar asalin jihar

A lokacin dukan tsawon zama na falsafa, dokar, siyasa da aka kafa a manyan yawan daban-daban koyaswar da theories na dokar da jiha. Diversity, a hannu daya, saboda gaskiyar cewa kowane ra'ayi nuna kayadadden ra'ayi na malamai ko daban-daban, ra'ayin da ra'ayoyi, ko wasu sauran azuzuwan. A daya hannun, wannan bambancin ne saboda da versatility na irin mamaki a matsayin jihar da kuma dama. Bugu da kari, akwai kuma daban-daban ra'ayoyi a kan wannan, ko cewa gefe na da samuwar wadanda ko wasu siyasa tsarin. A zuciya daga cikin wadannan guda ra'ayoyi da kuma ra'ayin ne ko da yaushe daban-daban tattalin arziki, kudi da kuma sauran bukatun.

Akwai daban-daban theories na asalin jihar. An ambaci daga cikin babban wadanda:

1. Tauhidi (allahntaka, addini).
2. Uba (patriarchal).
3. Saboda doka (contractual).
4. A Organic.
5. Ban ruwa.
6. M.
7. Class (tattalin arziki).
8. Ka'idar ciki da waje tashin hankali.

A farko rinjaye a tsakiyar zamanai. A yau shi ne quite na kowa kamar yadda a Turai, da kuma a wasu wurare, kazalika a wasu kasashen musulmi (Saudi Arabia, misali). Tauhidin ka'idar yana da hali na wani jami'in. Its ainihi shi ne cewa tsarin siyasa ne na allahntaka asalin da kuma ikon da aka ba wa nufin Allah.

Patriarchal ka'idar bayar da shawarwari da Aristotle. A cewar shi, dukkan mutane, kamar yadda akwai wani gama ku yi jihãdi ga sadarwa da kuma samuwar iyalansu, wanda a bi take kaiwa zuwa fitowan na jihar. Wannan ra'ayi aka baya ci gaba da Confucius. A baya lokacin da mabiyansa da kuma karfe Mikhaylovsky Filmer. A general, bisa ga wannan ka'idar asalin jihar, da kunno kai a tsarin siyasa ne wanda babban iyali, kunshi wasu talakawa iyalansu.

Halitta dokar ra'ayi na jihar samuwar bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen na farkon bourgeois gabascin. Yana fara yada a cikin 17-18 ƙarni. A cewar wannan ka'idar asalin jihar, kowane dan kasa samar domin wata halitta, ya sami yancin samu daga yanayi ko daga Allah. Amma wannan ra'ayi yana dauke ma ƙunshe.

A kwayoyin ka'idar asalin jihar tashi a cikin karni na 19th, a karo na biyu da rabi. Its mabiya sun Spencer, Preuss, Tsutsotsi da sauransu. Jigon wannan ra'ayi ne cewa ci gaban jihar ne kama da ci gaban mai nazarin halittu kwayoyin.

M ka'idar da aka tsara Petrazhitsky (Polish-Russian sociologist kuma lauya). A cewar shi, da zargin jihar shi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar musamman Properties na mutum psyche. Wadannan Properties hada da, musamman, son zama amintacce, da marmarin umurninSa, to biyaya da nufin wasu, da kuma bege na wasu 'yan jama'a kada ka yi ɗã'ã da dokoki da kuma kalubalanci shi.

A ka'idar da tashin hankali sa a gaba ta hanyar daban-daban mawallafa. Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa yana dauke Yang (Sin siyasa) Shang. A cewar wannan ka'idar asalin jihar, babban rawa da aka buga ta kama, bautar da daya mutane sauran. A tsarin siyasa, bisa ga mabiya wannan ra'ayi, dimbin yawa da tashin hankali biyu waje da ciki (tasowa a cikin kamfanin).

Tattalin arziki (aji, akidar Karl Marx) ka'idar da asalin jihar ne da alaka da sunayen Marx da Engels. Duk da haka, wannan ra'ayi yana dauke da kafa Morgan. A cewar wannan ka'idar jihar kafa a sakamakon da na halitta ci gaban al'umma. Mafi yawa, da mayar da hankali ne a kan bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasar, tun da shi ne ba kawai iya samar da kayan yanayi, amma kuma domin sanin canje-canje a cikin al'umma.