Mstislav Keldysh: biography, iyali hotuna

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich (kabila - Rasha) ya Soviet masanin kimiyya a fannin lissafi da kuma makanikai, Academician da kuma shugaban Tarayyar Soviet Academy of Sciences. Ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Soviet sarari shirin.

Ɗan wani talented uba

Uba Keldysha Vsevolod Mihaylovich ya soja yakin injiniya wanda ya sauke karatu daga Riga Polytechnic Institute. Akwai ya aure Maria Alexandrovna Skvortsova, wanda ya sadaukar da kanta ga kiwon yara. Mahaifinta wani janar na manyan bindigogi, daga nobility. Uba Vsevolod Mikhailovich ya soja likita da daraja na general, da kuma na nobility. Keldysh kasance ko da yaushe alfahari da daraja haihuwa, wanda ya sa shi matsaloli a kwaminisanci kasar. Saboda yanayin aikin Vsevolod Mikhailovich iyali tafiya zuwa daban-daban birane. Ya lectured a fasaha da cibiyoyin da ya halarci zane da kuma gina Moscow Metro da tashar Moscow - Volga.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: biography

Keldysh Mstislav ya kasance daya daga 'ya'ya bakwai. Uwar sanar da su Jamus da kuma Faransa, da kuma shuka a soyayya na music. 'Yar'uwarsa, Lyudmila ya zama wani shahararren lissafi da ɗan'uwansu, Yuri - musicologist.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich, wanda iyali a 1909 ya koma Riga, inda mahaifinsa ya lectured a Polytechnic Institute, haife 10.2.1911. A 1915, da Jamus sojojin mamaye Latvia da kuma ma'aikatan da Riga Polytechnic Institute aka kwashe zuwa Moscow. Ga iyali samu wahalhalu, a 'yan shekaru da suke zaune a waje da birnin, amma iyaye kaunace gargajiya music kuma sau da yawa ziyarci kide a cikin birnin. Yara tuna wata rana a cikin 1917, lokacin da mahaifiyarsa da aka ciyar da dukan iyalin soyayyen albasa, kamar yadda sauran abinci ya ba. By karshen 1918 da iyali koma Ivanovo-Voznesensk, kamar yadda mahaifinsa ya fara koyarwa a kwalejin wacce Riga Polytechnic Institute aka haɗe.

Karatu a Moscow

A shekarar 1923, cikin iyali ya koma Moscow, kuma Mstislav, wanda ya shekara 12 da haihuwa, da halartar makaranta №7 a Krivoarbatsky rariya. Yaron, a bayyanar da halayyar kama Gypsy, ya fitinarsu da kuma m.

Keldysh yi girman kai daga masa daraja asalin, ko da yake da shi, dã sun kasance sauki idan ya yi shi bõyuwa. The hukuma siffofin ya ko da yaushe ya zo da wata rikodin "social asalin - daraja", don haka a 1927 ya aka hana kudin shiga ga Institute of Civil Engineers.

Mazan da 'yar'uwa Lyudmila saba wa buri na mahaifinsa, wanda ta ga ɗan injiniya, rinjayi shi ya yi nazarin ilmin lissafi. Mstislav shiga Moscow Jami'ar Jihar Faculty of ilimin lissafi da kuma Physics da kuma kammala karatunsa Yuli 24, 1931 A cikin karfi shawarwarin da malamin Keldysh Lavrenteva talented digiri na biyu da aka sanya wa Tsakiya Sahihi-Hydrodynamic Cibiyar.

Work at TsAGI

TsAGI kyau kwarai da yanayi na gudanar da bincike da aka halitta. Ga Keldysh gana da Leonidom Sedovym, wanda daura up kusa kimiyya hadin, zai shafi makomar da masanin kimiyya.

A cikin shekaru 1934-37 buga jerin articles a kan aerohydrodynamics, marubucin wanda ya Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich. A ci gaba da talented masanin kimiyya ya fara warware daya daga cikin matsalolin da na jirgin sama a lokacin - kwatsam karfi vibrations da zai iya halakar da wani jirgin saman. Ya msar tambayar aikin taimaka wajen shawo kan wannan matsala. Bugu da kari, ya gudanar da bincike domin doctoral dissertation a kan yin amfani da polynomial jerin ga misali na masu jituwa ayyuka da kuma hadadden m, kare su a 1938

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: iyali da kuma yara

A shekara ta 1938, bayan wani dogon courtship na mace mai aure, ta yi aure Keldysh Stanislav Valeryanovna. A shekara, yana da 'yarsa, da kuma a 1941 - dan Bitrus. Dan sauke karatu daga makanikai da kuma lissafi, kuma daga baya ya yi aiki a cikin Keldysh gidan kayan gargajiya.

A talented lissafi

Keldysh ya ci gaba da bincike da kuma sau da yawa hada kai tare da tsohon malamin Mihailom Lavrentevym. Daya daga cikin jigogi da ya so ya san shi ne Dirichlet matsala.

Mstislav Keldysh wani talented lissafi da ka'idar da bambanci lissafai. Musamman da muhimman hakkokin taimako ya sanya da amfani reshe na aerodynamics. Ya kasance da babban sharhi gwamnati shawara da kuma Oganeza na mai aiki da na'urar kwamfuta aikin dangantaka da jet injuna da kuma sarari a 1940-60-ies.

Matsalar da jirgin sama vibration ne kawai daya daga cikin na farko ayyuka a kan wanda ya yi aiki. A na biyu da alaka da matsalar da aka girgiza, shi ne sau da yawa a cikin gaban saukowa kaya na jirgin sama a kan saukowa. Ga shi kuwa yana da amfani kwarewa tsiwirwirinsu a warware vibration matsaloli, da kuma ta bayani shimmy, tare da cikakken umarnin ga injiniyoyi game da yadda za a kawar da shi, aka bayyana a cikin shekarar 1945. Aiki a Zhukovsky TsAGI, bai bar Ilmin Lissafi Institute, Ma'aikatar makanikai zaveduya tun da aka kafa a watan Afrilu 1944 har zuwa 1953

Misalai na ayyuka daga wannan lokaci da cewa ya gudanar a Steklov Institute: "A talakawan quadratic polynomial kimantawa na ayyuka na wani hadadden m" (1945), "A cikin interpolation na dukan ayyuka" (1947). Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ko da yake waɗannan ayyuka ne m lissafi, amfani Keldysh wadannan matsaloli fito saboda da ra'ayoyi da cewa ya samo asali a warware amfani ilmin lissafi matsaloli.

Space da kuma makaman nukiliya

Bayan yakin duniya na II, Mstislav Keldysh suna ƙara tsunduma a cikin shugabanci na babban bincike ayyukan da aka aiwatar a cikin tarayyar Soviet. A shekarar 1946 ya bar TsAGI zama shugaban Jet propulsion Research Institute da kuma gudanar da wannan matsayi shekara tara.

Ya kasance mataimakin shugaban kasar Tarayyar Soviet a 1961-62 da kuma ta shugaban kasa a 1962-75, bi da bi. A bikin na ta 60th ranar tunawa a shekara ta 1971, ya ce cewa ya yi nadãma ƙarshe na bincike da kuma mayar da hankali a kan gudanar da gwamnati. Duk da haka, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban na Soviet makaman nukiliya, kazalika da sarari shirin. Alal misali, ya kasance daya daga uku masana kimiyya suka samarwa a shekara ta 1954 ta Soviet sarari tauraron dan adam shirin, kuma a shekarar 1955 ya zama shugaban kwamitin kafa don kula da shirin. A farko nasara da tauraron dan adam jefa a 1957 ya zamo farkon wata m shirin na sarari bincike, da kuma Keldysh ya shiga tsakani a cikin wannan hanyar da dama daban-daban da kungiyoyi, kamar ya gangarawa reshe na amfani da lissafi.

Aiki a Academy of Sciences

A shekarar 1959 an halitta Interdepartmental fasaha da kimiyya, Council, wadda aka nada a matsayin shugaban Mstislav Keldysh.

Biography of masana kimiyya lura matsayinsa na shugaban kasar na Tarayyar Soviet, inda ya gudanar da wani sashe tsanani da sake fasalin. A musamman, jam'iyyar kwaminis ta yi watsi jinsi, domin shi bai dace ta akida, da kuma maimakon goyon bayan siyasa daidai, amma anti-kimiyya theories na Trofim Lysenko. A shekarar 1964, lokacin da takwaransa Nikolai Nuzhdin an samarwa a matsayin cikakken memba na Academy, Andrei Sakharov, wani abokin aiki na masanin kimiyya wajen samar da makaman nukiliya, sun yi tsayayya. A takarar da aka ƙi, kuma Keldysh gudummawar da halittar yanayi na ci gaban kimiyya ba tare da siyasa tsangwama, cewa siyasa halin da ake ciki da cewa ya wanzu sa'an nan a cikin Tarayyar Soviet shi ne da wuya matuƙa.

A shekarar 1975, domin kiwon lafiya dalilai Mstislav Keldysh, da ya yi murabus a matsayin shugaban kasa na Academy. An yi imani da cewa wannan shi ne jera saboda overwork, jera saboda da danniya sa da matsaloli a cikin kariya daga kimiyya akida a cikin halin da ake ciki inda kimiyya da aka yi amfani da matsayin babban kayan aiki da gwagwarmayar siyasa. Mutu 6/24/78 Keldysh da abin da aka sani binne shi a Kremlin Wall necropolis.

gwamnatin awards

Keldysh ya lashe yawa awards biyu a kasar da kuma daga kasashen waje. Ya aka bayar da Jihar Prize (1942) da kuma Order of Red Banner na Labor (1943) domin aiki a kan jirgin sama vibration. A shekarar 1946 ya aka bayar da wani Jihar Prize for aikinsa a kan shimmy.

A 1943 aka zabe shi dan wani m memba na Academy of Sciences, kuma Academician na da cikakken bayan shekaru uku. A shekarar 1956 ya samu title of Hero of Socialist Labor domin warware matsaloli na tsaro da kuma samu da Lenin Prize a cikin wadannan shekaru. A shekarar 1961, ya sake zama wani Hero of Socialist Labor, wannan lokaci domin aiki a kan roka da kuma "Gabas", duniya ta farko manned kumbon sama jannati, a kan abin da yake Yuri Gagarin. Sau shida ya aka bayar da Order of Lenin da kuma lambar yabo sau da yawa.

amincewar kasashen duniya

Keldysh ya memba na da yawa da kwalejojin: Mongol (1961), Poland (1962), Czech (1962), Romanian (1965) Jamus (1966), Bulgarian (1966), Hungary (1970) Jami'an na Kimiyya, da American Academy of Arts da Kimiyya (1966 ) kuma ya an zabe wani girmamawa memba na Royal jama'a na Edinburgh 1 Yuli 1968 ya kuma samu wani girmamawa doctorate na Warsaw University.

A karshe, aka zabe shi da kwamitin tsakiya na CPSU (1961) da kuma memba na koli Soviet da Tarayyar Soviet (1962). Bugu da kari, Lunar bakin dutse da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa, a qananan duniya, gano a 1973.