Ambassadorial domin - na farko harbe na MFA

A Ancient Rus umarni kira hukumomi na tsakiyar jama'a gwamnati. Suna da ake kira da ɗakunan farfajiyar, bukkoki da manyan gidãje, uku da ta huɗu. An yi imani da cewa umarni kamar yadda hukumomin gwamnati ta fitowa spontaneously, da kuma na farko ambatar su a cikin wannan rawa da aka samu a 1512 a wani daftarin aiki aika da Vladimir ɗauka cewa sufi na Grand Prince of All Rasha Vasily III. Tabbatar da dalilin da yawan mutane umurni da daukar wasu kankare mataki - don haka akwai maanar "domin." Sabon kafa umarni aiki a madadin na sarki, kuma sun kasance m gwamnatin matsayi. Gunaguni game da ayyuka da aka dauke kawai da sarki ko da sarauta Council. Umarni - da farko matakai na yanzu ma'aikatun.

The asalin da kuma manufar

Ambassadorial domin samo asali a 1549 a karkashin Ivan IV. Yana wanzu har 1720. Sudebnik 1550 Ivan Grozny ya gabatar da Littãfin management system, wanda aka tsara don samar da jama'a sabis. Kusan shekaru 200 da haihuwa kwarangwal na wannan tsarin da aka kiyaye da aka maye gurbinsu kawai tare da mai girma kawo canji Peter I. Yana da nauyin da sabuwar domin hada da dangantaka da sauran kasashe, redemptions da kuma musayar fursunoni, kula wasu kungiyoyin na "bautãwarku mutane", kamar Don Cossacks.

asali ayyuka

Ambassadorial Sashen aka kuma tsunduma a gudanar da wasu ƙasashe, domin su kudu da gabas da jihar. Halinsa ya kasance wani bangare da kuma aikawa da Rasha manufa kasashen waje da kuma samun waje manufa. A ta biyayya sun waje fatake a kowane lokaci a lokacin da suka tsaya a cikin ƙasa. Shiri na ayoyin tattaunawar kasa da kasa, kuma, yana da taƙawa to oda. Ya duba cikin ofisoshin jakadanci.

jiki tsarin

Da farko Ambassadorial domin kunshi wani magatakarda na majalisa, karkashin wanda suke nuna masa "aboki" (m), 15-17 clerks (ƙananan administrative daraja) da kuma 'yan tafsirai (fassara). A shugaban na sabon kafa ma'aikata ya zuwa Irena, wanda shi ne ma Jakadan magatakarda. Clerks a waɗannan kwanaki sun kira jama'a bayin (baya daga limaman), musamman da oda na wani m ko junior darajõji a cikin Boyar Duma.

Tsarin samun nauyi

Da farko Ambassadorial Sashen aka karkashin jagorancin Ivan Mihaylovich Viskovatov, wanda har wannan ganawa aiki a matsayin jakadan kasar, magatakarda na majalisa, ya mai tsaron jihar hatimi. A shugaban da oda, ya kasance har zuwa rasuwarsa a 1570. Tare da girma na kasa da kasa nauyi na Rasha da kuma ya karu da darajar da jakadun da oda, a sau kara yawan ma'aikata - a shekarar 1689, akwai 53 clerks maimakon 17 da kuma 22, da 17, tafsirai fassara (mai fassara). By ƙarshen XVII karni Ambassadorial domin haka tsiwirwirinsu ƙarfi, cewa ya zama daya daga cikin manyan aka gyara na tsakiyar jihar na'ura na Rasha. A wannan karni shi ya fita daga cikin Office harkokin waje na kasar zuwa jihar tsarin, da ciwon wani mataki na cin gashin kuma za'a fadada iko.

Milestones

Cikin dukan zamanin da jakadun da oda za a iya siddan kumbura cikin layi tare da uku epochal jinkiri na lokaci. Wannan ne lokacin da na matsaloli, da sabuntawa na Rasha daular mulkinsu a karkashin Mikhail Romanov, na farko Rasha Tsar na daular Qing, da kuma Yuan na jihar wanda ya zo karkashin Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.

haske wakilan

Tun 1621 Ivan Tarasevich Gramotin, sa'an nan kai da jakadun da oda, ya fara shirya domin Sarkin din bayani game da halin da ake ciki a wasu kasashen. Sai aka janye su daga periodicals kasashen kazalika daga lura da karshe na jakadun. Wadannan "orderlies haruffa" sun gaske na farko Rasha jarida. Wannan ya na takwas babi na Ambassadors na oda shi ne zama dole a ce 'yan kalmomi dabam. Ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimakin clerks, kuma sau uku a daban-daban sarakuna gudanar da mafi post Ambassadors domin. A lokatan wahala, shi ne daya daga cikin mashahuran siyasa Figures.

Povytya

Domin tsarin raba compartments a lura da aiki na yankin filaye (povytya). Akwai sun kasance biyar. The ayyuka na Ambassadors na oda, bisa ga wadannan biyar deloproizvoditelnym raka'a, rarraba kamar haka - na farko povyte sun Yammacin kasashen Turai - Ingila da Faransa, Spain da kuma Ruhu Mai Roman Empire, kazalika da Papal States. Biyu povyte tsunduma dangantaka da Sweden, Poland da kuma Wallachia (kudu na ba-rana Romania), Moldova, Turkey da kuma Crimea, da Netherlands, Hamburg. Hulda da Denmark, Brandenburg da Courland tsunduma uku reshe a cikin tsari da ke kula da ofishin gwamnati a wadannan kasashen. Farisa, Armenia, India, da kuma Kalmyk jihar suke lura da 4th povytya. A karshe biyar ne ke kula da dangantaka tare da kasar Sin, Buhari, Khiva, Chzhungarskim jihar da kuma Georgia.

A girma daga aiki girma

Daga lokacin lokacin da aka kafa shi Ambassadorial domin, ya aka tuhuma tare da sauran management na kasar kasashen waje da manufofin. Tun da na biyu da rabi daga cikin XVII karni, kai tsaye biyaya ga shi da wadannan umarni - Grand Duchy na Lithuania, Smolensk da Malorossiysky. Yana kuma kiyaye tara a kan lokaci, Amsoshi muhimmanci waje - da kuma vnutrennepoliticheskih takardun.

shugaban domin

Tare da ci gaban da duniya muhimmancin Rasha magatakarda Ambassadors domin ana maye gurbin da wani wakilin daga cikin mafi girma mulkin gargajiya estate na kasar - Boyar, kuma daga 1670, da ma'aikata da kanta ake cewa "Jihar ofishin jakadancin buga umarni." Kan rayuwa da jakadun da oda a post na ta kai da aka maye gurbinsu 19 shugabannin. A karshe kuwa shi ne Count da farko Chancellor na Rasha Empire, a kusa da aboki na Petra Velikogo Gavriil Ivanovich Golovkin. A sakamakon sake fasalin na Bitrus I Ambassadorial ofishin aka kafa da cewa College harkokin waje na kasar, aka maye gurbinsu a 1720.