The Battle of Austerlitz a 1805: details. Wanda ya umarci sojojin Rasha a yakin Austerlitz?

A kananan Bavarian kauyen Austerlitz aka ƙaddara shigar da tarihi na duniya, tun kusa da ita Disamba 2, 1805 akwai wani yaƙi, shi ne gaskiya dauke Soma grand yaƙi a lokacin Napoleonic yaƙe-yaƙe. Yana 73000th Faransa sojojin ci m lambobi na anti-Napoleonic hadaka. The Battle of Austerlitz dauke da wani rabo na diplomasiyya da kuma soja baiwa na Napoleon.

The shawarwari na Uku sarakuna

Wani lokacin shi ake kira "yakin Three sarakuna a Austerlitz." Kuma shi ne quite gaskiya, saboda ban da Napoleon a filin yaƙi a kan cewa nan a ranar da aka samu halartar biyu sauran Agusta personages - Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Alexander na da Austria Franz II. Don gane da dalilai na su ikon shiga cikin wani bloodbath, shi ya kamata koma zuwa shekaru biyu da suka wuce a lokacin da Faransa kammala tare da Ingila da ake kira Aminci na Amiens.

Plans ga ci Ingila

Rattaba hannu a kan takarda, a gaskiya shi ne kawai ya ba da m Faransa sarki lokacin shirya domin da mamayewa na Birtaniya Tsibirin, da m kama daga London. Birtaniya gane wannan sosai kuma da gaskiya da ganin cetonsu kawai a yin nahiyar na gaba, da na uku a jere, cikin kasa da kasa da hadin kan Napoleon. Yana da aka halitta kuma wanzu har ranar har sai da shi ya barke m ga yakin Austerlitz.

Wannan shekara da aka alama ta wani yawa daga cikin mafi m da tsare-tsaren na Faransa sarki, yana kuma quite tsanani damu da niyyar kamawa London. A saboda wannan dalili, a Boulogne, kusa da Paris, mun kasance a cika fama shiri da dakarun, wanda aiki da shi shi ne, tsallaka da Turanci Channel, don matsawa zuwa Turanci babban birnin kasar. Ya hana aiwatar da mai shirya ta Faransa Admiral Pierre-Sharl Vilnov, da laifin wanda Napoleon ba jira ga rundujar soja masu dawaki, yi nufi ga harkokin sufuri na sojojin a fadin matsatsiyar.

hadaka gini

Ba da da ewa, da hadin gwiwa da aka yi halitta daga cikin jihohin da sha'awar yaki da wannan m da tsare-tsaren na Napoleon. Its mahalarta ne Rasha, Austria da kuma Ingila kanta. Duk da haka, matsayin su ne, don ya sa shi mai laushi, shi ne m. Ingila kai tsaye hannu a tashin bai yarda, kuma zaci wani kudade na soja kashe kudi. Austria yake yaƙi, amma a cikin hukunci yaki a fagen yaƙi ya jagoranci 25 dubu soja, yayin da Rasha akwai 60 da dubu. Saboda haka, yakin Austerlitz dukan nauyi fadi a kan kafadu na Rasha sojoji, wanda, duk da haka, tarihi da aka maimaita.

A farko kawance da tsare-tsaren

Dole ne mu biya haraji to da Turai dabarun. Sun ɓullo da wani sosai m shirin dakile Napoleon da kuma yakin Austerlitz ne sakamakon cewa ya ya zauna kawai a kan takarda. A cewar su ci gaba, to soja mataki ya kamata a hannu ya fi haka manpower fiye da shi a hakikani. Alal misali, a arewacin Turai da Napoleon ta ally - Denmark - ya kamata ya sa kusan 100,000th Rasha-English ayyukan marubuta.

Wani na hannun daman France - Bavaria - sun kai farmaki da dakarun na 85 dubbai Austria kungiyar soja a karkashin umurnin shahara a lokacin Janar K. Mack. Don taimake shi daga Rasha sa a gaba da sojojin M. I. Kutuzova. A saman Austrian Archduke umurci, ƙwanƙwasawa fitar da Faransa daga arewacin Italiya, to za a fara a nasara Maris a Faransa ƙasa. Idan muka iya yi a kalla rabin na mãkirci, rashin lafiya-fated 1805 yakin Austerlitz zai kawai ba ya faru. Amma rabo zai yi shi don a jefa kansa hanya.

Burinsu na Rasha Sarkin sarakuna

A da yawa hanyoyi da shi bauta da hanyar da shan kashi na wuce kima da girman kai na cikin sa'an nan matasa da kuma m ambulances soja Lavrov Aleksandra I. Cif na sojojin MI Kutuzov ya yi gāba yãƙi. The Battle of Austerlitz, a cikin ra'ayi, ya ba kawai untimely, amma m ga majiɓinta. Ya nuna wani m digression, a cikin abin da za a iya budewa kamar yadda zai yiwu maƙiyi da sojojin da kuma dauki amfani da isowa na reinforcements, to sa su yankunan da naushe a kan sãsanninsu.

A shirin, mai m, amma ba alamar azumi da kuma m nasara, aka ƙi da sarki. Masana tarihi suka rufe wadannan abubuwan daga baya, sunyi baki daya a ra'ayin cewa, duk da cewa a cikin yakin Austerlitz sojojin Rasha umarta ta Kutuzov zahiri yanke shawara da aka dauka ta hanyar Alexander. A wani wuri yaƙi, ya kuma bukaci masõya - da Austrians, kamar yadda Vienna shi ne a wancan lokacin kama da Faransa, da kuma sun sanya kowane kokarin ta farkon saki.

Dabara da tsare-tsaren na Napoleon

Lokacin da kawance sojojin yaki da aka wanda bai kai ba, unprepared da haka hallakaswa na Austerlitz a 1805, sa'an nan ga Napoleon da shi shi ne kawai dama dabara yanke shawara a rinjaye halin da ake ciki a lokacin. Daidai kimantawa da halin da ake ciki, kuma ya fita don hana makiya mãsu bãyar da bãya, kuma kamar wancan ne tightening na tashin. Faransa Sarkin sarakuna na sane da cewa, sãshensu waliyyai jiran m na gagarumin reinforcements daga Prussia, a shirye su shiga cikin zanga-Napoleonic hadaka.

Cikakken nazari na Napoleon ta ayyuka da nufin cimma wannan burin, muna iya kawai a mamakin da yadda wayo ya aka kafa masa tarko. Warai tsammani-fita ayyuka ya ya iya shawo kan Allied shugabannin su wani rauni, cirkaka, kuma da niyyar janye. Bugu da ƙari, ya ma tsokani su dauki da yaki don saman daidai da waɗanda matsayi da suke da amfani a gare shi.

M gari Slovaks

A ƙasar a kan wanda akwai yakin Austerlitz a 1805, a yau mallakar da Jamhuriyar Czech, da kuma inda akwai sau daya a Bavarian kauye, wanda ya ba da sunan da daya daga cikin mafi girma da fadace-fadace a cikin tarihi, a yanzu na zaune a cikin lumana rayuwar karamin gari a Slovakia. Tourist, da zarar akwai, yana da wuya su yi tunanin cewa 210 da suka wuce, a kan wadannan kore filayen da tuddai zo tare uku karfi sojojin a Turai.

Ba tare da faruwa a cikin cikakken bayani game da yakin Austerlitz a 1805, na amfani ne kawai ga soja ma'aikata, mun lura kawai babban matakai na yaƙi. Su ne sauki warke da yawa shaidu da kuma mahalarta a cikin wadannan abubuwan. A mafi cewa yaƙin shekaru da yawa ya kasance batun da yawa articles da kuma gudanar da bincike.

The Battle of Austerlitz: takaicce game da muhimman abubuwan da

Saboda haka, Disamba 2, 1805. Yana fara shahara yakin Austerlitz duka sãmar da kawayenta a dama flank na abokan gaba, inda dakarun umarta ta Marshal Davoust. Bayan da aka shirya, ɓullo da kaina da Napoleon, bayan wata gajeruwar juriya, sai ya fara ja da baya, haddasa ɓangare na sãshensu waliyyai ne ga zalunci da ja su a cikin swampy Shefela. A sakamakon haka, Faransa gudanar da yawa raunana cibiyar na Allied sojojin.

Kamar yadda na ambata a baya, a yakin Austerlitz sojojin Rasha umarta ta Kutuzov, amma baki na Alexander I, shi ne gaba daya bã tãre da himma. An samu kwamandan san cewa makiya yana shirya wani tarko, amma a cikin biyayya ga sarki, aka tilasta ba da oda ya counterattack da mãsu bãyar da bãya marshal. A sakamakon wadannan ayyuka da tsakiyar matsayi na kawance tsaro sun sauki ganima ga abokan gaba.

Wuri na hagu flank na Allied

Napoleon ba su yi shakka kai farmaki da raunana sashe na yajin sojojin na wani da ya shahara kwamandan - Marshal Soult. Abin da ya faru shi ne cewa a cikin duniya ta tarihi na fadace-fadace ne sau da yawa sosai wadda ta gabãta daga cikin kashi na sojojin. Allied sojojin da aka yanka da rabin, da kuma kowane daga cikin sassa a sakamakon walƙiya-sauri horar da makiya aka kewaye da yanke daga yiwu reinforcements.

Amma mafi ban mamaki events fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a lokaci saukar hagu reshe majiɓinta. Ci gaba da m da sojojin karkashin umurnin Marshal Davoust, suka samu a cikin wani real jakar kuma ya mutu a karkashin nauyi wuta na Faransa. Daga jimlar hallaka zo ga ceto a lokacin da za a ajiye su a cikin doki Guards, a karkashin umurnin Janar NI Depreradovicha. Sun dauki abokin gaba wuta, da kuma farashin da yawa daga cikin wadanda aka aka ba shi dama ya fita daga cikin wuta kewaye sassa.

Mãsu bãyar da bãya, tsira da sojojin

Kauce wa bala'in da tsoro a irin haka ne sun fi mayar saboda da kwanciyar hankali da kuma gudanar cire daya daga cikin mafi gogaggen Rasha generals D. S. Dohturova. Ya ya iya kacokan daga cikin yanayi riga wajen thinning da darajõji daga cikin sojojin da kuma shirya wani bãyar da bãya, don adana da sojojin a cikin fama shiri. Duk da haka, Allied asarar sun babban. Masana tarihi sun} iyasta cewa, a ranar, a filin wasa na yaƙi aka bar kwance dubu 27,000 mutane, tare da 21.000 daga cikinsu sun kasance Rasha.

Duk da haka, karatu da cikakken bayani game da yakin Austerlitz a 1805, masana tarihi sun yarda da cewa ko da mafi asarar da za a iya kauce masa ta hanyar daidai zaba shugabanci tafiyarsu. A kan hagu reshe na kawance sojojin da aka dukan cibiyar sadarwa na tafkunan, da ake kira Sychanske. Sun kasance ba zurfi, kuma shi ne, ta hanyar su aika mãsu bãyar da bãya sojoji, Janar Dokhturov. Lokacin da kawayenta kammala mararraba, shi ya juya ga zama fiye da isar da Faransa maharba, wanda ya yanke shawarar ba su bi abokan gaba ta hanyar ruwan cikas.

Karshen ta Uku hadin gwiwa

Faransa Battle of Austerlitz kudin 12,000 rayuwarmu, amma soja nasara a wannan yaki da aka kan su gefe, da kuma suka fito daga shi nasara. A kaye da kawayenta a hanyoyi da dama canza ma'auni na siyasa a Turai. Daga yanzu, Napoleon Bonapart shibtarsu nufinsa shugabanni na manyan ikokin. Iya warke daga shan kashi na Austria daga cikin yaki da shiga cikin musamman unfavorable yarjejeniya. The uku anti-Napoleonic kawance rushe ignominiously.

Lokacin da labarai da shan kashi isa Rasha, shi ya girgiza dukkan m al'umma. Fiye da shekaru 100 da suka wuce tun lokacin da masifu na Narva, inda Bitrus na san da haushi da shan kashi, da Rasha, sojoji da aka dauke iya karawa. Mai girma Victoria zamanin Empress Elizabeth da kuma Catherine II amince da Russia yi imani a cikin invincibility na sojojinsa. Duk da haka, kamar yadda Sahaban lura da ban tausayi labarai bai girgiza m ruhu kuma sojojin, kuma bã da mutane.

Rungumar wannan soja yaƙin neman zaɓe, masana tarihi sun yi kokarin amsa wannan tambaya: abin da kyakkyawan lashe da kuma rasa a 1805, Napoleon? The Battle of Austerlitz, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa gane da rabo daga cikin soja baiwa, Duk da haka bai ba shi don cimma babban burin - da cikakken halakar da sojojin na su a maƙiya hadin gwiwa. Ga wani lokaci na Napoleon ya zama kama karya na Turai, amma duk da haka kowace rana babu makawa ya zo da shi kusa da Waterloo, inda a 1815 aka ƙaddara har abada to mirgine star na m Harshen Kosikan.