Sophia, Princess: biography, photos, a zamanin mulkin

A Rasha a cikin marigayi 17th karni akwai wani abu m: a kasar inda Domostroi hadisai da karfi, da kuma mata sun fi mayar reclusive rayuwa, Princess Sophia fara gudanar da harkokin jihar. Haka ya faru ba zato ba, kuma a lokaci guda, ba shakka, cewa Rasha ya fara gane abin da ya faru a matsayin wani abu domin ba. Har wasu lokaci, ba daya ne outraged Princess Sophia, wanda shi ne don haka m biography. Duk da haka, da dama bayan shekaru, a lõkacin da ta yi da ragamar ikon auku a hannun Bitrus I, mutane mamakin yadda ya faru da cewa su girmama Empress, wanda kawai mace. Hakika, wani shahararren adadi shi da Princess Sophia. Photo da biography shi zai ba ka wasu ra'ayin game da shi.

Sophia rayuwa a seclusion

Yana duk fara da mutuwa na Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. Duk da haka, bayan mutuwarsa, Princess Sophia (sarautar - 1682-1689) bai nan da nan gane cewa ya free. 'Yar autocrat zauna recluse a gidan shekaru 19 da ta mata. Da ta ke coci kawai a lokacin da tare da kuma wani lokacin halarci tare da gabatar da mahaifinsa, shirya daga Artamona Matveeva. Princess, ya kawo a kan Domostroi, shi ma daya daga cikin mafi kyau dalibai Simeona Polotskogo, sanannen malama. Ta shi ne m, a Polish, karanta a cikin Girkanci da Latin. Akai-akai da mace mamakin kewaye, ya hada da bala'i, wanda sai ya buga fitar a cikin iyali da'irar. Kuma wani lokacin da ta rubuta waqoqi Sophia. Princess haka fice a art, shi ne lura ko da sanannen marubuci kuma tarihi Karamzin. Ya rubuta cewa talanti ɗaya na da gimbiya yarda ta yin gasa da mafi kyau marubuta.

A damar samun fita daga hasumiya,

A 1676, tare da Accession na Fedor Alekseevich, ɗan'uwan Sofia, da karshen nan suka gane cewa akwai wata damar karshe samu daga hasumiya. Wanta ya tsanani da rashin lafiya, da kuma a wannan lokaci sukan samu kusa da Sofia shi. Princess ya sau da yawa a cikin bẽnãye Theodore, communicated tare da clerks da boyars, ya gana a cikin Duma, to shiga cikin jigon shugabanci.

A monarch mutu a 1682, da kuma dynastic rikicin isa a jihar. Pretenders a kan karaga, ba a dace da irin wannan alhakin matsayi. Magada sun dan Natali Naryshkinoy matasa Bitrus da wauta Ivan, suka haife Maria Miloslavskaya Alexei Mikhailovich. Wadannan jam'iyyun biyu - da Naryshkin da Miloslavskys - suka yi jihãdi a tsakãninsu.

A zaben da Sarkin sarakuna Peter

King, bisa al'ada, ya zama Ivan. Duk da haka, wannan zai haifar da bukatar kula da tsawon mulkinsa. A wannan kuma fatan Sophia. A gimbiya ya ji kunya lokacin da sarki 10-shekara Peter an zabe. Sofia iya kawai taya murna tare da cewa da ya rabin ɗan'uwansa. Ta yanzu kasance wuya zuwa kalubalanci, haramun sarautarsa.

Riot musketeers da hukumar Sophia

Amma Sophia yi kome rasa. Strong da kuma zaman kanta gimbiya iya ba kai amfani da halin da ake ciki a ni'imar. Domin ya burin ya da hannu a Royal shelves Sofia. Princess lallashe su yi tawaye, a cikin abin da hukuma, ya ci sarauta, da Yahaya, da Bitrus. Amma Sophia aka yi aiki da gwamnatin jihar.

Duk da haka, da farin ciki na wannan nasara zai iya zama wanda bai kai ba. Wadannan kwanaki ikon Sophia da jũna ghostly. Sagittarians, wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Prince Khovanskii, da yawa real iko. Sofia karkashin inuwar lured daga babban birnin kasar zuwa kauyen Khovanskii Vozdvizhenskoe. Ga shugaban domin m aka zarge shi da laifin cin amanar kasa da kuma hukuncin kisa. Sojoji, saboda haka, shi ne wani shugaba. Princess Sophia nan da nan ya jefa kira Tattara karfi domin kare istinbadi dalĩli Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama mayakan. Maharba kasance a cikin wani Jihar buga, ba su san abin da ka yi. A farko da suka sami juna biyu, to, ku yaki m da boyars, amma farka a lokaci da kuma mika wuya. Sophia yanzu dictating ta nufin musketeers. Haka abin ya fara a 7-shekara regency Sophia Alekseevna.

Prince Golitsyn, commutation

Favorit Sofia, Prince Vasily Golitsyn (hoton sama), shi ne shugaban gwamnatin. Shi ne mai talented jami'in diflomasiyyar. Kusa da ci gaba da lamba tare da shi ya sanya Sophia nuna jin goyon bayan leniency da kuma ilimi. Af, da latest jita-jita game da wanzuwar jiki connection tsakanin su. Amma duk da haka babu rubutu da aka fi so gimbiya ko shaida game da lokacin ta sarautar, ba tabbatar da wannan.

Duk da haka, da tasiri a kan Golitsyn Sophia lalle ya yi kyau. A musamman, da hukuncin da aka bayar, bisa ga abin da bashi da aka hane su dauki gudanar da aiki mabartan bashi mazansu ba tare da matansu. Bugu da kari, an haramta wa tattara basusuka daga marãyu da mata gwauraye, idan ba bar Estate bayan mutuwar daga ubanninsu da mazajensu. Daga yanzu, domin "m kalmomi" ba hukuncin kisa. Azãba mai tsanani da aka maye gurbinsu da tunani da kuma bulala. A baya can, da wata mace m wa mijinta a wuyansa binne a cikin ƙasa da rai. Yanzu wannan wata azãba mai mutuwa aka maye gurbinsu da m - wani m barazana tare da fille.

masana'antu ci gaba

Board Sophia aka lura da wani yawan tunanin domin ci gaban masana'antu, Tarurrukan cinikayya tare da kasashen yamma. Wannan shafi musamman sakar. A kasar mu fara nuna alatu yadudduka: kauri, Satin da kyalle. A baya can, suka shigo daga kasashen waje. Masana kasashen waje ya fara da za a samu daga kasashen waje don koyar da Rasha Masters.

Kafa Academy, da gabatarwa da ilimi da kuma zane-zane

Sofia a 1687 bude Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. A batu na halittarsa aka fara karkashin Tsar Fedor Alekseevich. Bayan Kiev masana kimiyya fara tsananta sarki Joachim, Golitsyn da Sophia riƙe su a karkashin kariya. Princess karfafa yi a Moscow dutse mawaka, koyan harsuna da kuma daban-daban art. Kasashen waje domin horar da matasa tafi daga daraja iyalansu.

Nasarorin kasashen waje da manufofin

Kuma akwai lokatan sananne nasarorin a kasashen waje da manufofin. Rasha ta sanya hannu tare da Poland Madawwami Aminci. Wannan iko, bisa ga yanayin da ya kawo da Golitsyn, gane da miƙa mulki ga gwamnatin Rasha a Kiev da kuma Rasha membobinsu na Hagu-Bank Ukraine, Seversk da Smolensk asashe. Sin sanya hannu tare da yarjejeniyar da Nerchinsk wani muhimmanci siyasa taron. Tare da wannan jiha iyaka yayin da Rasha ƙasashe a Siberia.

Crimean kamfen

Duk da haka, akwai setbacks, wanda dole, a karshen, kuma ya kai ga kifar da Sophia da Golitsyn (ya hoto ne da aka sama). An gogaggen jami'in diflomasiyyar, gimbiya fi so ya taushi da kuma rashin qarfin zuciya mutumin. Ya da wani ra'ayin kansa kwamandan. Duk da haka, Sophia nace cewa wannan mutumin gangarawa Crimean yaƙi, ya ci tura. The sojojin da za'ayi a yaƙin neman zaɓe a 1687 ya koma da baya. Sun hana Tatars, wanda ya kafa wuta ga steppe. Duk da haka, Sophia ko inglorious samu wadata da duk solemnity. Ta so ne mu taimaka Golitsyn. A lokacin da aka fi so a fili ya ce ya kawai ya kashe mutane da kome, bari shi a cikin wannan kasada. Na biyu yaƙin neman zaɓe ya m. Ya aka dauka shekaru biyu daga baya.

Sophia hasarar ikon

Har sai, har ka girma har sarakuna, regent Sophia yarda da shi don yanke shawara kan dukan abin da na jiha. A lokacin liyafar da jakadun} asashen waje gimbiya ya ɓuya cikin kursiyin kuma na ce, 'yan'uwa, da yadda za a nuna hali. Duk da haka, lokaci ya wuce, Bitrus a tsawon shekaru na Sophia balaga. Bitrus I, May 30, shekarar 1689, ya shekara 17. A nema na Natali Kirillovny, da uwa tasa, ya aka yi aure to wannan lokaci Evdokia Lopukhina kuma zo da shekaru, bisa ga ideas na cewa lokaci. Bugu da kari, Ivan, wani babban sarki, aka kuma yi aure. Wannan ne m dalilin ci gaba da regency zauna. Amma Sophia ne har yanzu aka gudanar a hannunsa da ragamar gwamnatin. Wannan ya kai ga rikice-rikice da Bitrus.

Yana zama ƙara maƙiya dangantaka tsakanin shi da 'yar'uwarsa. A Princess cike da sanin cewa rabo a kowace shekara sojojin za su canza ba a ta ni'ima. Domin a karfafa nasa wuri, ta yi yunkurin yin aure ga mulkin da baya a 1687. Fedor Shaklovity, da magatakarda kusata da gimbiya, fara agitation cikin musketeers. Duk da haka, ba su manta da abin da ya faru tare da Prince Khovanskii, kuma ya ki tallafawa Sophia.

A farko karo tsakanin gimbiya da Bitrus shi ne lokacin da Sofia shiga shiga, tare da sarakuna a babban coci a lokacin procession. Bitrus kuwa ya yi fushi. Ya ce cewa ta ne da wata mace, don haka ya kamata a cire nan da nan kamar yadda ya bi crosses na gaskiya jima'i ne na batsa. Duk da haka, Sophia yanke shawarar watsi da zargin da ɗan'uwansa. Sa'an nan, ya bar bikin, Bitrus. Ya biya 'yar'uwarta, na biyu laifin, ya ƙi yarda da bayan Crimean yakin da Prince Golitsyn.

Kokarin kawar da Bitrus

Saboda haka, yunkurin kasa bikin aure don Sophia. Duk da haka, akwai wani hanya fita - za a iya shafe Bitrus. Sabon gimbiya fatan maharba, amma wannan lokaci don ba wadãtar. Wani fara wani m jita-jita, suna cewa a Moscow ne funny shiryayye Bitrus ya kashe Tsar Ivan kuma m. Sophia kira ga maharba ya kare kansa. A wa Bitrus, bi da bi, ya ji jita-jita, da shirya don kai farmaki "giba" (don haka ya kira Streltsov Petr). Sarki ya ba ji tsoron barazana, amma daga farkon shekarun a cikin ransa hoton zauna a cikin 1682, lokacin da maharba za'ayi da kisan kiyashin da mutane kusa da shi. Peter yanke shawarar kai mafaka a cikin Triniti-Sergius sufi. Bayan wani lokaci, zo nan da kuma m shelves, kazalika, da mamaki da yawa, daya daga musketeers rajimanti, umarci Sukharev.

A Flight Bitrus damuwa ƙwarai Sophia. Ta so ya zo sharuddan da ɗan'uwansa, amma yunkurin kasance m. Sa'an nan Sophia yanke shawarar neman taimako na sarki. Amma ya tunatar da ita cewa ta mulki na adalci a da Sarkin sarakuna, ya tafi zuwa ga Bitrus. Sophia magoya bayan ya zama kasa. Boyars, kwanan nan klyavshiesya ta biyayya imperceptibly bar gimbiya. Kuma da maharba halshen Bitrus, wanda aka hawa a Moscow taron tuba. A wata ãyã daga biyayya, suka sa a kan chopping block a hanya da kawunansu.

A ƙarshe daga cikin sufi, na karshe bege

32-shekara Sophia a karshen watan Satumba shekarar 1689, ya kammala a kan umarni na Bitrus a cikin Novodevichy Convent. Duk da haka, a 1698, ta na da bege. Sa'an nan Bitrus ya tafi zuwa Turai, da kuma Royal regiments da aka sa a nesa daga babban birnin kasar, ya koma Moscow. Suka je koma Sophia a kan kursiyin, da kuma Sarkin sarakuna, bai koka game da musketeers, "Lemun tsami", idan ya dawo daga kasar waje.

Kisa na maharba, da rabo daga Sophia

Amma tawayen da aka mur. Zuriyarka za dogon da za a tuna da taro kisan maharba. Kuma Bitrus, wanda ya ba su ga 'yar'uwarsa 9 shekaru da haihuwa, ya zo da ita domin na karshe bayani na Novodevichy Convent. Yana da aka tabbatar da shigar da gimbiya zuwa wani bore musketeers. Tsohon shugaban ewa ba bayan haka ya zama mai Nun a kan umarni na Bitrus. Ta aka ba sunan Susanna. Ta ya daina wani bege ga kursiyin. Jim kadan kafin ta mutuwa ta dauki tsari da kuma mayar da sunansa. Yuli 3, 1704, ya rasu da Princess Sophia, wanda biography ya haka uncharacteristic a lokacinsa.