A shari'a garambawul na 1864 a Rasha

Shari'a garambawul na 1864 ne halin a sakamakon rikicin a Rasha al'umma. A sha kashi a cikin Crimean War a 1856, ya kafa preconditions ga halittar wani sauyi halin da ake ciki. A kimantawa abin da ke faruwa a kasar, Alexander II fahimci bukatar sake fasalin a kasar. Shari'a garambawul a 1864 canza da mulkin gargajiya tsarin a kasar. Wannan wani gagarumin ci gaba a cikin ci gaban da Rasha al'umma.

A pre-gyare-gyare kotun tsarin ne halin da rikice, rikitaccen procedural da bukatun, cikin rashi na Bar, juri, jikuna da dama, ja tef, dasa, burokrasi.

A mulkin gargajiya Rasha a lokacin da aka mamaye uzkososlovnaya kotun tsarin, kai tsaye dogara a kan gwamnati. Mutane da yawa da bambance bambancen lokutta sãɓã wa jũna inquisitorial yanayin da tsari, wanda aka dogara ne a kan m evidential ka'idar. Shari'a garambawul a 1864 ya kawo gagarumin canji a cikin tsarin.

Sake Kama nuna bukatun da bourgeoisie - wani aji cewa bukatar ƙarfafa su matsayi. Wannan za a iya cimma kawai ta hanyar da daidaito da aka, albeit m, duk kawo adalci. Duk da haka, shari'a gyara daga 1864 da'awar da tushe na bourgeois, haramun. Sake Kama bayyana da farko a cikin gabatarwar da doka sana'a, jawo juri, da m ofishin reorganization. A canje-canje da shawarar da wani sabon shiri na kotu kuma da harkokin shari'a.

Yana kafa wani tasiri da kuma asali tsarin. Shari'a dokoki a 1864 da gudummawar da ci gaban da wannan tsarin. Saboda haka, sabon tsarin yana da biyu subsystems wanda sõyayya da m jiki - Majalisar Dattawa. A tsarin kunshi duniya da kuma janar kotuna, da waɗannan rassan, bi da bi, hada da jikin musamman iko (kasuwanci, County, soja, da dai sauransu), wanda ya samar da da samuwar wasu dokokin.

Shari'a garambawul a 1864 da gudummawar da halittar talakawa kotu. By farko misali dangana da gundumar hukumomi. Kowane County tabbatar da kotun da la'akari da laifi kuma} ararrakin, wanda ba a hada a cikin ikon yinsa, daga cikin iko na ma'aji na zaman lafiya.

Tare da wannan, a cikin canji na sabon tsarin da aka kafa a tilasta doka.

A jihar da aka kafa, don haka da cewa wani sabon ra'ayi da kuma fahimtar adalci da bin doka da oda.

Legal dokokin a pre-neman sauyi Rasha da aka kira da dokokin amince a 1864, 20 Nuwamba:

1. A dokar da kotun shari'a don canja wurin ikon zuwa Congress of Mahukunta, da gundumar, da duniya da tafasar da tukunyar, da House da kuma majalisar dattijai.
2. The Yarjejeniya na bugun hõre ta mahukunta 'kotuna. Wannan Code ma'anar laifi da siyasa da kuma zamantakewa tsarin, domin management, da kuma sauran abubuwa. Wadannan laifukan da aka ware daga "Law Code of correctional da laifi fanarite."
3. A dokar da laifi hanya. Laifi Hanya Code ma'anar da iyawa na review na dacewa lokuta. Bugu da kari, dokar tabbatar da hanya na samarwa a duniya da kuma ake rabawa na'urori, da janar guzuri. Bisa ga niyya code, kuma babban mataki na aikace-aikace.
4. Yarjejeniya na Civil Hanya. Code of Civil Hanya sãɓã wa jũna hali management a jama'a hukumomi da kuma a cikin shari'a da administrative, duniya shigar.

A sakamakon sake fasalin canza ba wai kawai cikin tsarin da bangaren shari'a. An kafa sabuwar, bourgeois-demokra] iyya ka'idodinta management matakai bisa gasa, talla, orality. Ƙirƙiri wasu gabobin samar yin amfani da zaben tsarin. An kuma kafa da kuma isasshe bayyana tsarin kotunan.