A Rasha neman sauyi MV-Butashevich Petrashevsky: a takaice biography

Mikhail Butashevich-Petrashevsky, photos of wanda aka gabatar a kasa, an haife ni a ranar 1 ga Nuwamba, 1821 a St. Petersburg. Mahaifinsa soja likita, da ainihin Jihar councilor.

MV-Butashevich Petrashevsky: a takaice biography

A 1839, bayan kammala horo a cikin Tsarskoye Selo lyceum, sai ya shiga St. Petersburg University da dokar ta baiwa. Bayan kammala ilimi, ya yi aiki a ma'aikatar harkokin waje a matsayin mai fassara. Butashevich-Petrashevsky halarci Shirin zanen na "Dictionary of kasashen waje kalmomi da suke kunshe a cikin Rasha harshe." A farko edition edited by Mike. Batu na biyu da aka cikakken gyara Butashevich-Petrashevsky. Ya kuma ya rubuta yawancin msar tambayar articles. Sun ciyar da jari-hujja da mulkin demokra] ideas, manufar utopian gurguzanci.

Butashevich-Petrashevsky: wanda ya ga pre-neman sauyi Rasha?

Da farko, dole ne a ce cewa wannan mutumin nan da wani ci-gaba zurfin tunani a lokacinsa. Butashevich-Petrashevsky, wanda biography ne a hankali da alaka da neman sauyi tashin a kasar, ya shirya a 1844 a cikin gidansa taro. A 1845, tarurruka sun zama na mako-mako ( "Jumma'a"). Ganawa mahalarta amfani da library Butashevich-Petrashevsky. Sashe na daga cikin wallafe da aka dakatar a Rasha. Sun hada da tarihin juyin juya halin Musulunci ƙungiyoyi, falsafar jari-hujja, utopian gurguzanci. Butashevich-Petrashevsky, a takaice, bayar da shawarar da tsarin dimokuradiyya da tsarin siyasa a kasar, da kwato manoma daga ƙasar mãkirci.

tsaro

A karshen 1848 Butashevich-Petrashevsky halarci tarurruka domin tattauna da kafa wani m al'umma. A zurfin tunani ya da wani aiki goyon bayan ci gaba da horar da mutane da juyin juya halin Musulunci gwagwarmaya. A 1849, wata jama'a adadi Butashevich-Petrashevsky da dama na mutane hade da shi da aka kama. The kotun yanke hukuncin daurin su zuwa mutuwa. Duk da haka, an maye gurbinsu da wani tutur naƙudarta. Butashevich-Petrashevsky aka fitar da su Eastern Siberia.

A karshe shekaru ransa

Tare da 1856 kasancewa da zaman talala, Butashevich-Petrashevsky zauna a Irkutsk. A nan sai ya sanar da, aiki tare da na gida da jaridu. A 1860, shi da aka shirya da buga edition na "Amur". A watan Fabrairu na wannan shekara ga magana daga kan ayyuka na} ananan hukumomi, da aka aika zuwa Shushenskoye. A watan Disamba, 1860, ya koma Krasnoyarsk, inda ya rayu har 1864 inda ya manyan tasiri a kan aikin na birnin majalisa. Gwamna Krasnoyarsk Petrashevsky aka mayar da su zuwa na farko Shushenskoe sa'an nan tare da. Kebezh. A farkon watan Mayu 1866 ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa. Bielsko Yenisey gundumar. A nan sai ya mutu daga kwakwalwa hemorrhage.

Features neman sauyi kungiyar

Active samuwar sabuwar karkashin kasa da al'ummomi a Rasha ya fara a cikin 40s na 19th karni. Daga cikin dukan da'irori da hankali janyo hankalin kungiyar Butashevich-Petrashevsky. Shekara na farkon ta aiki aiki a kan juyin juya halin Musulunci hanya na 1845 da aka dauke su da farko. A sa'an nan da ya fara saduwa a kai a kai a cikin gidansa marubuta, dalibai, da malamai da tausayin jami'an da sanda. Dukansu sun kasance daga matalauta daraja iyalansu. Tanƙwasãwa al'umma wanzu har 1849 A tarurruka akwai wani tattaunawa na gaggawa zamantakewa da siyasa al'amurran da suka shafi, gudanar da ci gaban da falsafa tushe na falsafa, yin tsare-tsaren domin kara mataki. Akwai yama serfdom, aka halin a matsayin blatant mugunta tsarism da caste tsarin.

A abun da ke ciki na

A ra'ayi na utopian gurguzanci sami wani martani daga talakawa. Community kumbura, shan sabon members. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare daga cikin da'irar suna da irin shahararren Figures a matsayin Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mike, Pleshcheev Semenov, Rubinstein gaggawa, Mombelli, Akhsharumov, Kashkin. Mahalarci tãre da mambobi ne na jama'a da kuma jami'an. Wannan ya nuna cewa ra'ayoyin utopian gurguzanci fara rayayye shiga cikin sojojin.

m aiki

Community mambobi nemi aikin. A 1845 an buga shi "Dictionary" na farko saki. Ya buga Guards Kanar Kirillov, wanda ko da ba zai iya tunani cewa sakewa wani sauyi ɗaba'ar. Na biyu edition da aka buga a 1846, a cikin "Dictionary" nuna akidar sabon sauyi kungiyar. Ya yi bayani game daban-daban sharuddan :. "Al'ada", "ƙungiya daga samarwa" da sauransu "Dictionary" da sauri sayar a kan hannaye. Ba da da ewa, duk da haka, da littafin kusantar da hankalin gwamnati. Kofe an janye daga sale. Amma game da 1 da dubu. Pieces da aka yada fita zuwa wannan lokaci. Karbuwa da maraba da fitowan na "Dictionary" Belinsky.

Ƙarfafa al'umma aiki

Petrashevzy hankali ya fara cinye neman sauyi-demokra] iyya matsayi. Community mambobi yi magana tausaya ma game da matsalolin tsaye a Rasha. A musamman, Mombelli rubuta game da wahala da miliyoyin mutane, da rashin wani hakkin daga manoma a wani babban matsayi na Elite azuzuwan. Petrashevzy ƙi autocracy, sun kasance a matsayin zafi Rasha kishin kasa, kullum nuna cewa sun kasance a cikin mutane. Bayan da juyin juya halin Musulunci events na 1848, suka fara halartar tarurruka har zuwa mutane 50. Fara kasaftawa aiki tsakiya, delineated akida gwagwarmaya a kan juyin juya halin Musulunci shiryayye mambobi a kan waɗanda suka riƙi wani matsakaici matsayi. The rahotanni da Rokon aka ji kira zuwa mataki, taken.

Community mambobi fara tunanin nan gaba da tsare-tsaren. Mu mayar da su cikin gaban matsayi na magoya bayan utopian gurguzanci. A key adadi a wannan reshe sun sauri. Bugu da kari ga ideas na gurguzanci Petrashevsky shared Khanykov, Kashkin Akhsharumov da sauransu. A al'umma ya na da babban tasiri a siffata da Outlook na Chernyshevsky. Ya kasance ba memba na jama'a, duk da haka, yana da dangantaka ta kusa da shi ta hanyar da ya gwarazansa - Hanykova, Lobodovsky.

'yan sanda kula

Mutane da yawa mambobi ne na kungiyar da aka lasafta a farkon na soja juyin juya halin a kasar. Sun yi imani da cewa a Rasha shi wajibi ne don yin shirye-shirye taro tawaye. al'umma mambobi wajen samar da aikin sirri bugu latsa, sun farfaganda leaflets. Speshnev shirya wani daftarin shatan al'umma. All sun jiran dawo da baƙauye motsi. Duk da haka, da suka kasa samar da wani sauyi kungiyar. Barorin sarki sun iya waƙa da sauko da "Jumma'a" kuma saita saka idanu na al'umma. A Petrashevists taron sun cika da 'yan sanda wakili. Ya saurari duk abin da aka faruwa a kusa da shi, sa'an nan ya mika rahotanni ga gwamnati.

A 1849, 2 Afrilu, a kan umarni na Nicholas mafi aiki mambobi daga cikin da'irar da aka kama. Bisa ga sarki, empathy Republican da kwaminisanci ideas daidaita zuwa ga mafi tsanani laifuka da jihar. Daga cikinsu akwai Petrashevsky, Dostoevsky, Mombelli da sauri. All aka kama mutane 39. The Kotun Koli mulki da cewa 21 daga cikinsu suna cancanci mutuwa. Amma, yarda da yanayi, mitigating, kotun samarwa don maye gurbin naƙudarta azãba, nanata kamfanoni na da tunani da matabbatarsu.

kwaikwayo na harbi

1 Nicholas amince da karshe hukunci na kotun, duk da haka, ya yanke shawarar yin tafi, ta hanyar tsoron mutuwa laifin. A 1849, 22 Disamba, duk na zargi da aka dauka don Semenovskaya yankin. The fursunoni gan wani babban scaffold, sandunan, dug a cikin ƙasa, da sojojin sahu a cikin square, da kuma wani taron mutane. Bayan karatun hukunci a kan laifin ja riguna. Uku - Petrashevsky Mombelli da Grigoriev - daura hadarurruka, an rufe fuskokinsu iyakoki. Dan kaso ji da clatter na bindigogi, drum yi. A wannan gaba, akwai adjutant zuwa Nicholas domin na gafarta. Petrashevsky aka nan da nan mari da kuma aika zuwa Siberia for naƙudarta.

A 'yan kwanaki baya razvezli da kuma sauran' yan al'umma. Daga cikin wadanda aka yanke wa hukunci ya Dostoevsky - sanannen mai girma marubuci. Ya aka yanke masa hukumcin shekaru hudu naƙudarta a kurkuku castle a Omsk, sa'an nan zuwa shekaru 6 na sabis a layin bataliya a Semipalatinsk.