Diego Velaskes (Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velazquez): kerawa da kuma biography (photo)

Mafi shahararren wakilin Spanish zanen da "zinariya" karni ne mai neman na hakika Diego Velaskes. Aikinsa ya muhimmanci daban-daban daga wasu, tare da haske game da yanayin da model, full-bodied da m dandano, heightened ji na jituwa. Shi ya aza harsashin ginin da Turai art na da m hoto. A Malaman tarihi sun bayar da hujjar cewa Diego sauƙi ba mai yawa kimiyya. Ya zarar ya fara tattara a library, kamar yadda a farkon yara koyi karatu. Wato shi ya nuna sha'awar nazarin yawa sciences Velasquez, amma mafi enticing tukuna ne zanen a gare shi.

yara

A birnin Seville a wani matalauci amma daraja iyali na Christianized Yahudawa shida a cikin watan Yuni 1599 ne aka haife shi Velaskes Diego De Silva. Ya kasance cikin Babbansu 'ya'ya takwas a cikin iyali. Bisa ga sanannen hadisin Andalusian Diego da ɗan'uwansa (kuma an artist) ya dauki mahaifiyarsa ta surname. A nan gaba makomar yaron sun fi mayar da m da cewa mahaifinsa kuwa 'yan qasar na Portugal. A farko, Diego, kazalika da sauran 'ya'ya maza, da aka aika zuwa Convent makaranta Latin.

Amma a shekara tara da yaron ya riga an furta ikon for art, don haka mahaifinsa ya yi karatu a cikin bitar da rare a lokacin a Spain Herrera artist. Gaskiya zaba sana'a ya zama wani kalubale ga gida aristocracy, kamar yadda sana'a of artist aka dauke cancanci mai daraja zama. A yanayi na malamin ya wuce, saboda wannan Velasquez karatu na wani dan gajeren lokaci a cikin mayen, da kuma a shekara daga baya yaron da aka aiki a cikin bitar da Francisco Pacheco, mai ban mamaki malami, ina son tsufa.

A gidan Pacheco

Diego Velaskes zauna a cikin Pacheco ta bita kafin samun muƙamin na master na shekaru goma sha takwas. Shi ne da godiya ga shawara na malaminsa, ya tasowa ikon daidai haifa yanayi. Ga aiki Diego Velaskesa gabatar da wadannan hoto: "m ganewa", "karin kumallo", "bukin a Imuwasu", "The haihuwa dafa", "ruwa-m", "girmama da Magi", "Almasihu a cikin House da Martha da Maryamu", "Musicians".

Bayan samun digiri shawarta, wanda janyo hankalin mai nagarta, tsarki, kwanyarsa, da kuma sauran m halaye na ya almajiri, ya ba shi auri kawai 'yar goma sha shida, Juan Miranda. A lokacin farko da shekara uku na aure, matasa biyu da 'ya'ya mata biyu. A shekaru ashirin da daya, Diego Velaskes bude nasa studio. A farkon ayyukan artist ta bayyananne sha'awa cikin wakilan da na kowa mutane. Ya kwatanta da girman kai Andalusian Ladies m tsohon maza, funny boys da kuma matasa Mutanen Espanya mutane. Tare da sauran Spanish halittawa Diego nufin da Littafi Mai Tsarki labarin, amma ba su zauna a manyan wuri a cikin rãyuwar marubucin. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, wadannan hotuna ba su da sufi da launi, da kuma kama, a maimakon haka, yau da kullum al'amuran.

Motsi zuwa Madrid

Maye gurbin kome a kotu Tawagar mahaifinsa, matasa (shekara goma sha shida) Philippe hudu m koya cewa zaune a Seville talented Spanish fenta Velasquez, wanda aka nan da nan ya kira zuwa ga gidan sarauta.

A cikin shekaru 24, tare da uba Diego zo a Madrid. Its majiɓinci, yana zama Firayim Ministan Olivares. "Vertical Sarki Philip IV» fentin da artist ne babban rabo mai girma, bayan da ya aka bayar da lakabi na kotu fenta. Amma, abin takaici, wannan aikin bai zo saukar da mu sau.

hoto aiki

Yanzu, Diego Velaskes, wanda biography zama mafi haske launuka, ba ya dogara ne a kan m jobs. Shi a daya daga cikin fadar fuka-fuki aza jihar Apartments, kuma a cikin unguwannin bayan gari, a cikin wani sansani, shi yana da faɗi da bitar. Tana da key ga rundunar da monarch kansa, kowace rana ƙaunar da tsayar da aikin na mahalicci ba. The kawai drawback wannan irin rayuwa ya ƙuntatawa na batutuwa zane-zane da cewa ya yi Velaskes Diego. Vertical shekaru da yawa ya zama ya main salo. Sarkin da kansa da kuma 'ya'ya da aka rubuta akai-akai a cikin ayyukan da artist. Musamman sau da yawa shi ya wakilci Infanta Margarita, 'yar sarki. Don sun tsira da hotuna, wanda ke bayyane a fuskokin canza kamar yadda ta girma da kuma maturation.

Diego Velasquez sami wani laifin da nasara, da wata ãyã daga bad dandano shi ne rashin wani hoto na aikinsa. A sakamakon haka, babban adadin images of majalisarsa da kuma 'yan siyasa, kazalika da gallery na shahararren wakilan Spanish al'adu.

"The fitar da Moriscos"

Amma ba kawai ga bauta halittar sa Diego, hãsadar mafi daraja artists ya haddasa rikici saboda gaskiyar cewa matasa mahalicci da aka ba su gani ba tare da ilimi hadisai. A sakamakon haka, a nema masa "m gwarazansa" shi ne a gasar, to wanda mai shekaru 28 da haihuwa marubucin ya rubuta a tarihi babban hoto "fitar da Moors." An sadaukar da fitar daga kasar na duk mazauna Arab asali, mafi ban tausayi ɓangare na tarihin kasar.

Ni'ima da ya sa aikin da aka yi da Diego Velaskes. Pictures, kwatancin wanda corresponded zuwa hukuma manufa, rataye a daya daga cikin dakunan gidan sarauta, ya cika har da kaifi, cike da magana, wani fitacciyar. Bayan 'yan makonni da ya umurce su da su matsa zuwa wani wuri inda akwai hotuna na sarki fi so - da Hall of Mirrors.

Amma ga marubucin, ya samu wani high, m shirayin, mai tsaron da matsayinta na sarauta daga cikin kofa. Hassada da rashin lafiya nufin a wata hanya tasiri a kan mutum halaye na Velazquez. Ya riƙe ciki 'yanci daga son zũciyõyin da Spanish nobility. Wannan hoto yana, da rashin alheri, ya ba tsira zuwa yau.

tsoho batutuwa

Velaskes Diego, wanda zane-zane ne m for gida hadisai, to yana da shekaru talatin da Zartarwa irin wannan fitacciyar a zamanin d labarin a matsayin "Drunks," ko "Bacchus". A zanen dake nuna irin yanka qaddamarwa zuwa 'yan'uwantaka na Allah. Ga akwai riga mai m zabi na iri daban-daban da kuma idon basira halaye na underclass wakilan jama'a a wancan lokaci. All expertly kashe, kamar zamani wasan kwaikwayo da kuma adabi wanda aka nuna recklessness, haushi da kuma fun. Amma a general, da artist mutunta fata da kuma tsirar da ta mutane.

Wannan tsoho labarin yarda da shi ya karya tare da yanzu gargajiya ciki Genre al'amuran. Saboda mataki a kan yanayin da lighting zama smoother kuma aukaka launuka. Amma duk da haka da karfi ya saba da haske da launi, don haka foreground kadan matakin matsakaicin nauyi, tun da wannan hanya shi ne sabon zuwa ga mawallafin. A mafi cikakken rinjãye mahaliccin saya daga baya.

A tafiya zuwa Italiya. Diego Velaskes: "The ƙirƙira na Vulcan"

Resolution sarki da yiwu da shawarar Rubens, tare da sanannun kwamandan Ambrosio Spinola Velasquez halarci kusa sashin, inda ya kofe zane-zane da kuma murals shahara artists, Mai ƙididdigewa tsoho sassaka da kuma aikin da ya Sahaban. Wannan tafiya ya kumbura sãsanni da Diego kuma taimaka inganta fasaha. A wannan lokaci na sosai hayayyafa aikin Diego Velaskes. "The ƙirƙira na Vulcan" da aka rubuta da shi a babban birnin kasar Italiya. A fassarar da mythological labarin nan ne sosai na asali. Marubucin ya nuna lokacin da ya karbi Vulcan (gunkin wuta) daga Apollo labarai na cin amanar kasa matar (Venus).

Wannan aiki ne gaba daya ba a nan earthiness, amma mahaliccin irony nan ne a fili m. Duk da Apollo ta hasken wuta, ta image ne quite prosaic. Vulcan da wasu na hannun daman kuma gabatar adam ba su bambanta ba allahntaka kyakkyawa.

Wannan kasa ya ba mai yawa Velasquez, ya zane ya zama mafi fitattu kuma balagagge, tafi duhu inuwa da kuma kaifi Lines, shi ya zama mai matukar muhimmanci wuri mai faɗi da bango.

"Saranda na Breda"

A duk da ƙawa da artist gabatar da nasa fasaha a guda yaƙi zane-zane - 'saranda na Breda ". Wannan ya nuna a fall taron na Dutch sansanin soja na Breda, kewaye da Spain. Ta kwamandan Yustin Nassausky mika makullin zuwa Spanish kwamandan Spinola.

Tare da suke aka nuna a cikin cibiyar da zane. Bent nauyi kashi Nassau rushes da lashe tare da key a hannunka. A daya hannun, a baki makamai cunkus Spain da kuma siririn māsu ƙirƙirar ji na magabaci da ikon jama'ar na Spanish tawagar.

Sabon abu art mafita, kazalika da gaskiyar siffar da abubuwan tarihin da na zanen kamar wahayi ne domin ta lokaci.

Amma har yanzu hotuna ne da manyan Genre a cikin ayyukan Velazquez. Sun zama more bambancin a abun da ke ciki da kuma pictorial bayani. Duk wannan a hade tare da kyau kuma na kwarai da 'yanci na tofin a cikin fassarar shimfidar. A cikin shekaru, jerin hotuna na buffoons da dwarfs halitta ta maye. By wannan lokaci da gaskiya hoto fentin a kan Inquisition hani labarin "Venus da Cupid" tare da rare a Spanish zanen depicting a tsirara mace jiki.

addini zane-zane. Ziyarci Roma

Spanish sarki da Convent na San Diego umurni da Placido hoto. Wannan aiki ne da ake kira "The Gicciyen Almasihu" kawo marubucin wani runaway nasara, da kuma abun da ke ciki shi ne abin mamaki sauki. Image Almasihu yana da wani wuri mai faɗi da bango, kamar yadda marubucin kokarin bayyana da mafi ƙarancin wahala a kan fuskarsa. A rabbai ne cikakke, ko da yake, ne daban-daban daga murdede canons. Zanen halitta wani yanayi na zurfin tunani da kuma cikakkiyar shirun.

Tare da wannan artist fentin hotuna da kuma sauran irin wannan abun ciki. Velaskes Diego, wanda zane-zane da riga na ɗaukaka sake ziyarci Italiya. Works halitta a nan, ya kawo Mahaliccin more kuma mafi m. A mafi daukan hankali misali na wani "Vertical Paparoma Innocent X», wanda shi ne na musamman muhimmancin saboda da m fasaha na zane, zurfin tunani da kuma sharpness halaye.

A pontiff ne wanda aka nuna a zaune a kujera a yi tamkar tashin hankali matsayi. Yana permeates da yanki da kuma ya ba shi liveliness na da rinjaye ja launi, musamman tsanani a cikin zafi haske. Ba tare da neman su tace mummuna fuskar Paparoma, marubucin Zagayawar ya tenacious da wuya look, halin da ciki ƙarfi. Kafin sauraro bayyana ba a ruhaniya mutum, amma maimakon wadanda mutane m - fasaha, kakkarfa, mai wayo, mugun da kuma m.

Duk da wani sakamako na karimci ga wani hoto, Innocent samu shi ma gaskiya ne, amma saboda haruffa na Philip, tsoro ya rasa artist Diego Velaskes (short biography wanda ba miss guda muhimmin taron a cikin rayuwarsa) baya zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Sa'an nan sarki ya kiwata shi zuwa ga mafi girman matsayi a jihar - Marshal, bayan da artist samun cikakken 'yancin kai.

"Las Meninas"

A wannan lokacin, babban marubucin hoton suna dauke da manyan-sikelin abun da ke ciki "Tarihin Arachne" da "Las Meninas."

Diego mafi girma halitta ne dauke da zanen "Las Meninas." Wannan kalma tana nufin wata mace, na zuwa wani aristocratic iyali, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin bawa na girmamawa ga Spanish Infanta. A abun da ke ciki na wannan samfurin ne quite sabon abu.

The artist wanda aka nuna daya daga cikin dakunan da Royal Palace - a manyan ciki. A hagu na shi a kan wani gadon ɗauka maras lafiya ya kamata ya kusa da wani babban zane da kuma paints wani hoto na King iyali. Ta gani viewer iya gani a cikin madubi aka sanya a baya da mahalicci. A tsakiyar dakin kewaye da dwarfs da biyu Menin daraja Margarita, m kadan Infanta. Bayan su ne Figures mutum da lady na kotu, da kuma ga bude kofa a cikin bango - Grand Marshal sarauniya.

Turai artists Velazquez na farko ya nuna wa Backstage rai na fādar sarki. Little Infante da baranya na girmamawa aka nuna da babban expressiveness. Daya daga cikinsu, bisa ga Da'a, durkusa a gaban Margarita, bada ta gilashin ruwa. Dwarf alama motsi da kuma Firaministan wani babban kare da kuma wani mai Dwarf a daze bayar da umarnin rike.

Quite wuya a ayyana Genre, a cikin abin da fenti mai hoto Diego Velaskesa 'Las Meninas. " Ga united da abubuwa na kungiyar hotuna da kuma Genre al'amuran. Author masterfully isar ke bayan zane sarari, ciko shi da hasken da iska daga cikin bude taga.

"Tarihin Arachne"

A ganiya na m fasaha na artist ne mai samfurin na "Spinner" sadaukar da aiki da Spanish mutane. Wannan zanen shi ne na farko a tarihin Yammacin zanen yi magana game da kowa mutum, aikinsa.

A cikin abun da ke ciki na hoto da aka hada biyu m scene. A polumrachnoy sakar bita a cikin foreground nuna spinners, wanda suke aiki tare da aikinsu. A tsakiyar kasa ance ulu skeins matasa ma'aikacin, faduwa zuwa daya gwiwa a lokaci guda. A dama ne wani spinner, shi ne rauni a cikin wani m kulli sanya na ulu thread. Marubucin ya rijista ta sosai manyan da idon basira, da kuma amincewa da sahihancin motsi shi watsa ta hanyar hotunan da manyan hannu da hannayen riga birgima sama da kuma wani m baya. The aiki na wannan spinner ne kallon da sauran mace. A hagu a katako, looms a yi sakaci jefa a kan shugaban gyale zaune gaji dirkar da kuma magana da mataimakansa. A ta danda ƙafa ne mai cat. A baya, bayan da nauyi ja labule koma baya, a shirye da za a gani tapestries, suya. A scene wanda aka nuna unvarnished mundane amma dole aiwatar da shi ba kadi dabaran da na'ura da kuma m.

A baya su ne biyu Ladies na kotu, don su bincika rataye a bango kafet, mai haske, kuma m launuka wanda ba wannan ɓangare na cikin dakin a ji na grand da kuma shahararre views. A cikin ƙãre tapestry wanda aka nuna Diego al'adar Arachne karshe, amma ba da canji na wata yarinya a wani mummunan gizo-gizo, da kuma babban rabo na unrivaled allahiya na art, wanda shi ne wani Misalin da siyasa overtones. Saboda haka, mahaliccin bayyana game da Spanish daular mulkinsu, da sauki latsa saukar karkashin shi ba kawai mutane, amma kuma wani yanki.

Wannan hoto - ba wai kawai cikin apogee na kerawa Velazquez da karshe manyan aikin, amma kuma ya nuna tausayawa da kuma zurfin fahimtar duk da rashin adalci na duniya domin.

By wannan lokaci da kotu aiki Velazquez kai ta tsororuwar - ya aka bayar da Cross na Santiago, mafi muhimmanci domin na Spain. Wannan al'amari ya zama m kamar yadda Knight Amirul daya daga cikin tsofaffin Turai umarni na jarumtan zama wani artist.

Amma a wannan lokaci mahaliccin ya riga tsanani da rashin lafiya tare da zazzabin cizon sauro, wanda ya kamu da a lokacin bikin aure na Faransa King da kuma Spanish gimbiya a tsibirin Pheasants. Bayan ya dawo zuwa Madrid, Diego Rodriguez de Silva Velaskes mutu yana da shekaru sittin da daya da shekaru. Tare da mutuwarsa, heyday na Spanish zanen a kan.