A look at shafi tunanin mutum ci gaban da mutum

Na dogon lokaci, a karshen XIX da kuma a cikin XX karni, a Psychology akwai wani methodological rikicin da alaka da vagueness da kuma rashin tabbas na karshe m bincike makasudai. The, sãɓã wa jũnamai a cikin fahimtar abin da shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaba, a kayyade da dokoki da kuma yanayi na tafarkinsa, ya jagoranci wani yawan daban-daban Concepts, dangane da zamantakewa da kuma nazarin halittu dalilai, da rawar da haddasa na gadar hali da yanayi a cikin ci gaban da psyche. Duk da haka, kasancewar daban-daban makarantu ciyar da jari na empirical data kafa na sirri ci gaba a daban-daban lokaci na rayuwa da suka ci gaba a wasu ra'ayoyin da za a bayyana halayyar cewa bayyanãwa da sunadaran da cewa samar da wasu shafi tunanin mutum da kaddarorin da mutum.

A kimiyyar zamani, shafi tunanin mutum ya kara bunkasa al'ada aka gani a matsayin wani ɓangare daga cikin shahararrun wuraren: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, Gestalt Psychology, bil'adama da kuma kayyade theories.

Qwaqwalwa ne qwarai ci gaba daga psychoanalytic ra'ayi,

Sigmund Freud halitta a ka'idar da sume, jãyayya da cewa shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai ne mafi yawa sume, da kuma kawai 'yan ruhaniya abubuwan da ake gane ta mutum. Ne da halittar kuma ci gaban mutum al'adu dabi'u Freud ya bayyana na musamman jima'i farko, kuma m hulda da nazarin halittu da kuma zamantakewa bangarorin a ci gaba na tunani - mai tsaron gida inji. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wani babban Analyst psychosexuality dauke da hankulansu ci gaban wani mutum a cikin shimfiɗar jariri lokaci. Kowane mutum ne saba da su sanya mataki na Sha'awar jima'i, wanda zai shafi psyche na yaro, sa'an nan kuma ya fara tasawa.

Shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaba a sharuddan kayyade Psychology

A ka'idar Piaget - da haske da kuma sani su ɗaure da ci gaban da psyche na wani yaro da hankali. Fahimi masana kimiyya ƙayyade maturation matakai da karbuwa, assimilation, masauki, kuma equilibration. Ilimi na duniya saboda wani marmarin daidaita ko daidaita. Karbuwa, bi da bi, kunshi da assimilation tsari - canza data kasance Concepts ƙarƙashin rinjayar sabon bayanai da kuma masauki, wanda damar aiwatar da bayanai da kuma wajen samar da sababbin hanyoyin hali kamar yadda a dauki shi. A psyche ne gwamnatin a daidaita canzawar wadannan matakai.

Bil'adama ka'idar da hankulansu ci gaban

A dukan sabon hangen zaman gaba a shafi tunanin mutum cin gaban mutum daga existentialist Psychologists. Suna sanin bambancinsa da kuma asali na mutum wanda shi ne bude da kuma kai-tasowa tsarin. A ciki duniya na kowane mutum, da ya kai - wani hadadden yanar gizo na mutum m halaye da kuma bukatun. Yadda gaskiya ne ainihin kwarewa ta taimaka wajen fahimtar da ciki "na", ya kuma inganta matakin bukatu da burinsu, don haka high ne mataki na congruence na hali. The so ga mafi congruence ne, bisa ga bil'adama Psychologists, da muhimman hakkokin alama na dabi'ar mutum, da kuma manufar da ta ci gaba - matsakaicin magana da kai a kan aiwatar da kai-actualization. Famous psychologist Maslow yi imani da cewa mutum rayuwa ya zama zai yiwu a daidai ƙayyade da nuna halayen, samar da "I". Shi ne mai m so, ba sume hasken dake fitowa ta yi mulki da ayyukansa da kuma ayyukansu. A kan hanyar kai-actualization da kuma kai-kyautata akwai daban-daban cikas cewa kowane mutum dole ne a shawo kan, takaici a wahala, shi yana tsayawa ta ci gaba, wanda zai iya haifar da neurotic cuta.

Bil'adama tunani kuma gano muhimmiyar rawa na zamantakewa da yanayi domin adam shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaba. Wannan rawa ne da amfãninta ninki biyu, saboda a daya hannun jama'a na taimaka wa ci gaba da kuma kai-actualization, da kuma a kan wasu, kokarin shafe da hali to sa mutum kamar kowa. Mafi kyau duka tare da girmamawa ga mutum da kuma al'umma ta fuskar bil'adama tunani ne irin wannan hulda a cikin abin da mutum ya gano da kansa da kamfanin a waje bayyananen, amma shi ya rike ta individuality da kai a kan aiwatar da intrapersonal ci gaba.