Development of tunani ne saboda canje-canje a cikin al'umma da kuma kimiyya

A karo na farko har Socrates nuna bambanci tsakanin jiki da kuma rai. Ya ayyana rai kamar yadda dalilin, wanda shi ne farkon na allahntaka. Sai ya zama a zamanin da, shi zai fara ci gaban tunani. Socrates kare ra'ayin da kurwa marar mutuwa. Sabõda haka, domin a karo na farko da aka samu motsi zuwa ga ƙunshe fahimtar da abu. A mafi ci gaban da wani fahimtar kai da Plato. Ya halicci rukunan "ra'ayoyin" da suke da marar sakewa, madawwami, da ciwon ba asalin da aka ba da za'ayi a cikin wani abu. Kwayoyin halitta, sabanin su, - wannan shi ne kome, babu, wanda a lokacin da a hade tare da wani ra'ayi na iya zama wani abu. Wani ɓangare na wani ƙunshe ka'idar ne rukunan rai, da abubuwa a matsayin wani m tsakanin farko ra'ayoyi da kuma abubuwa. Soul - da ruhu na duniya, ta an haife kafin jiki.

Development of Psychology bai tsaya cik. A XVII karni ya bayyana daban-daban daga cikin riga data kasance methodological saitin - empiricism. Kafin cewa mamaye da ilimi da hankali a kan dalĩli da kuma al'ada, shi ne a yanzu ya gane kamar yadda yin ishãra shakka. Akwai sun kasance gagarumin binciken da kuma basira a kan m canje-canje a cikin tsarin na kimiyya tunani. Psychology a cikin dogon tarihi hanyar ci gaban da aka dauke a kimiyya da rai, sani, psyche, hali. Tare da kowanne daga cikin wadannan sharuddan ake dangantawa da gudunmawata abun ciki da kuma adawa tsaurin ra'ayi. Amma, duk da wannan, ya kasance da janar ra'ayi, da janar tunani a mahada inda akwai sabon daban-daban ideas. Lokaci na raya ci gaban tunani sau da yawa ya tsaya fitar a kwanakin nan, a lokacin da a cikin al'umma akwai wani gagarumin canje-canje, ko da alaka da tarbiyya - falsafa, magani - akwai sabon dabarun cewa ba wani tunani batu canza pre-data kasance ra'ayoyi. Alal misali, a tsakiyar zamanai, sabon m Concepts sun saboda da babban rabo mai girma na makanikai da kuma lissafi. A farko m ra'ayi, halitta da lissafi da kuma makanikai, mallakar Descartes. Ya dauke jiki a matsayin atomatik tsarin cewa aiki mechanically. A ci gaba da tunani a cikin wani daban-daban shugabanci ci gaba Bacon, wanda ya so ya share tunanin mutum daga son zuciya da camfe cewa shi rikitarwa. Wannan shi ne wani sanannen maganarsu: "Ilimi - karfi." Scientist kira ga gwaji nazari na duniya, jagorancinsa magance wannan batu shan gwajinsa, ba kallo da kallo. Man yakan mallaki ikon a kan yanayi, hikima ya tambaye ta da jan ta asĩri da taimakon musamman ƙirƙira kayan aikin.

A ci gaba da tunani a cikin XVII karni da aka yi wahayi, a cikin wadannan kimiyya aukuwa:

- wata rayuwa jiki a matsayin inji tsarin a cikin abin da babu wani wuri da wani boye halaye ko zuciya.

- rukunan sani a matsayin muhimmi ga kowane mutum damar yin amfani da m kula kafin su sami mafi daidai ilmi game da su shafi tunanin mutum da jihohi;

- rukunan da affections matsayin kayyadewa na hali shar'anta a cikin jiki da aika mutum zuwa ga cewa shi ne amfani ga shi, da kuma boye daga abin da yake mugu.

- rukunan dangantaka tsakanin physiological da hankulansu.

Musamman raya ci gaban tunani a cikin XIX da XX karni alama ta fitowan da sabon trends: psychoanalysis, behaviorism, bil'adama tunani. A m ci gaban al'umma da kuma kimiyya, kazalika a tsakiyar zamanai, kuma a cikin tsufa, tura zuwa bayyanar dubi daban-daban daga pre-data kasance. A wannan lokacin tsaya fitar da karshe kafa daban-daban rassan m kimiyya.