Kudancin teku

Mene ne teku? Ocean - a duniya ruwa harsashi na Duniya, wanda ya kewaye nahiyoyi da kuma tsibiran. Fiye da saba'in cikin dari (ya zama daidai, 71%) na Duniya surface aka rufe da tekuna. Mene ne teku? Nahiyoyi da kuma manyan tsibirin na duniya ta teku ya kasu kashi biyar sassa. A maps samar a cikin Rasha Federation, ka fi yiwuwa ba za ta sami a cikin Southern Ocean. Duk da haka, a shekarar 2000, kasa da kasa Hydrographic Union soma a yanke shawara a kan rabo na duniya ruwa sarari a kan biyar tekuna. Known a kusa da Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, kuma Arctic kara da Kudancin Ocean. Me ya kara da cewa wannan jerin? Duk da cewa a kudancin iyaka da Atlantic, Pacific da kuma Indian teku ne fairly al'ada, da ruwa, dab da Antarctica, da takamaiman Properties. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa International Hydrographic Union ta yanke shawara ba a ƙulla.

Kudancin Ocean kuma s wani arewacin kan iyakar, wanda aka dauke da Antarctic haduwa zone (sashi na haduwa da surface igiyoyin). Wasu oceanographers, masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa jiki iyaka na Kudancin Ocean ne dan kadan da arewa, wato baka daga kudancin Tierra del Fuego zuwa Afirka ta Kudu. Its yanki ne fiye da 76 murabba'in kilomita miliyan, da most daukar zurfi daga cikin Kudu Sandwich mahara ne game 8428 mita.

A farko aka bayyana a cikin Southern Ocean a 1650. The Dutch geographer B. Varenius. Daga baya, a cikin 18th karni, shi ya fara wani nazari na yankin.

A 1845, da London Royal Kasa Society miƙa ga dukan sarari, wanda yana da iyaka zuwa cikin kudancin iyakacin duniya da'irar da kuma kara da Antarctic nahiyar, da ake kira Kudancin Arctic Ocean. Kudancin Ocean a cikin takardu na kasa da kasa Hydrographic Organization aka ware a 1937 daga Pacific, Atlantic da kuma India, duk da haka, daga baya za a yi watsi.

Daga cikin tarihi da binciken na Kudancin Ocean shi ne a san cewa na farko da jirgin, wanda ya ketare a 1559 kudancin iyakacin duniya da'irar, ya mai Dutch jirgin karkashin umurnin Dirk Geerittsa, memba na wata rundujar soja masu dawaki na Yakubu Magyu. D. Geerittsa jirgin a mashigar na Magellan bayan wani karfi hadari ya rasa gaban rundujar soja masu dawaki, da kuma tafi da kudu. Faduwa zuwa kimanin 64 ° kudu latitud, umurnin gan high ƙasa.

A 1772, shekarar da Great Britain tashi a kan ta na farko teku yaƙin neman zaɓe a kudancin yammancin duniya na sanannen mai bincike D. Cook, da kuma a farkon 1773rd shekara, ya biyu jiragen ruwa isa kudancin iyakacin duniya da'irar. Duk da haka, bayan wata matsananciyar yaƙi da kankara, suka jũya. Bayan 'yan watanni Cook sake ya tafi zuwa ga Kudancin Ocean, kuma Disamba 8, 1773 buga kudu da Arctic Circle, amma jirgin ya zatort kankara. Duk da haka, ya warware daga kankara bauta, ya tafi ya kara kudu. Amma sake shi da aka dakatar da wani impenetrable bango na kankara, wanda ba a yarda su tafi da kara. A karo na biyu balaguro zuwa Kudu iyakacin duniya Cook sau biyu haye Antarctic Circle, kuma ya gamsu da cewa wata babbar lamba na icebergs nuna cewa mafi bukatun zama wani gagarumin Antarctic nahiyar. Its iyakacin duniya teku Kasadar na balaguro ya haka a fili da kuma sama-sama bayyana cewa fiye da wani, sai dai matsananciyar whalers, dogon lokaci bai yi kuskure ya tafi zuwa ga waɗanda suke yankunan da ku jarraba su.

A Yuni 1819 Rasha explorers Bellingshausen da Mikhail Lazarev tafi a kan biyu sloops yãƙi daga Kronstadt zuwa kudancin tekun. Su sun tafi a hayin kudu na Arctic Circle, zarce shi a wajen gabas, a Janairu 1821 ya gano tsibirin na Bitrus I, kuma daga baya a watan Janairu na 1820 - Duniya Alexander I. A balaguro umarta ta Bellingshausen sanya na farko da cikakken ze tashi a kananan sailing kotuna a kusa da Antarctica, bude a lokacin wannan marine kimiyya balaguro.