A Congress of Berlin a 1878

Nasara m da kuma tilasta da Balkans sojojin Rasha a lokacin da Rasha-Turkish yaki, abin da ya faru a cikin shekaru 1877-1878, tilasta Turkish gwamnatin aika nasu wakilan da tsaida wutar yaƙi. A sakamakon da aka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar da Berlin.

A karkashin sharuddan yarjejeniyar da San Stefano aka kafa wani zaman kanta a jihar - Great Bulgaria, wanda ƙasa mika daga Black Sea ga Aegean Sea. Turkey da janye dukkan sojojinta daga gare ta. Domin Rasha dawo ƙasar Akkerman gundumar Bessarabia, wanda aka kwashe a 1856 a Paris yarjejeniya, da kuma Izmail gundumar. Bugu da kari, shi na samar da reimbursement na halin kaka na yaki. Duk da haka, da Berlin Congress bai ba da damar gudanar da duk na farko yanayi a Rasha.

A Ingila da kuma Austria-Hungary irin wannan yanayi ya sa matsananci haushinka. Tun da kama na Konstantinoful da Straits ya dogon-tsaye mafarki na Ingila, ta ba zai iya ba don samun gaba da kansu Rasha. Bugu da kari, gwamnatin Birtaniya ji tsoron cewa hada da Bulgaria a cikin Sphere da tasiri za ta taimaka Rasha zama babban Rum iko. Yana da aka zarar ya sanar da cewa gwamnatin Birtaniya ba za su yarda da zaman lafiya sharuddan inganci.

A wannan matsayin da aka dauka da kuma rashin jituwa Avsto Hungary, fara motsa sojoji zuwa da Rasha kan iyaka. Tare da Ingila, sun bukaci da canja wurin da al'amurran da suka shafi "duk da na farko tushe na zaman lafiya" da Berlin Congress ya dauke da wani taron kasa da kasa. Rasha samu kanta a wani matsananciyar halin da ake ciki, domin yaki da aka Brewing da Ingila zai iya haifar da catastrophic sakamakon, kuma fata na goyon bayan Jamus sun kasance a banza, duk da cewa shi ya Bismarck iza Rasha zuwa yaki tare da Turkey. A sakamakon wadannan yanayi da aka Congress of Berlin, wanda aka gudanar a 1878.

Yuni 13, 1878 International Congress da aka bude a Berlin. Mahalarta sanya wadannan kasashe: Rasha, Jamus, Ingila, Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Italy, da Balkan Amurka da kuma Faransa. "Boss" ya yi, ba shakka, Bismarck.

A diplomasiyya gwagwarmaya ta musamman siga. Yarjejeniyar da Berlin ya iya shiga kawai wata daya bayan bude taron.

Duk da cewa babban matakai na yanke shawara na Congress an sadãki a Anglo-Russian yarjejeniya, Bulgaria ta kan iyakokin da aka ba fayyace haka. Wannan batu yana da matukar muhimmanci ga dukkan 'yan majalisa, kamar yadda Balkan kafa sun tsanani dabarun muhimmancin.

Ingila, da kuma tare da shi, da kuma Austria-Hungary, ba ba tare da goyon bayan Jamus ya sanya gagarumin canje-canje a cikin yanayi na San Stefano yarjejeniya, amma shi ya musamman disadvantageous ga Slavic mutane. Yarjejeniyar da Berlin ya cewa Bulgarian sarauta zai zama ko mai zaman kanta, amma a talakansa, territorially iyakance ta Bulgarian duwãtsu. A kudancin samu m cin gashin yayin da sauran wani ɓangare daga cikin Ottoman Empire. Wani sakamakon da aka dawo da Macedonia karkashin mulkin Turkey.

A Congress of Berlin a 1878 ya tabbatar da 'yancin kai na Romaniya, Sabiya da kuma Montenegro. Austria-Hungary a karshen tattaunawar da ya samu da hakkin ya zauna Bosnia da Herzegovina, da kuma tsakanin yankuna na wadannan kasashen gabatar da Austro-Hungarian sojojin. Saboda haka, ikon so su hana daidaituwa na Slav makwabta. Iko a kan tekun na Montenegro kuma samar da Austro-Hungarian Empire. Gudunmawar, wanda ake hõre ta a Turkey, fadi zuwa miliyan 300. Rubles. Rasha samu kawai Kardagan, Batum da Kars, Bajazet kuma koma zuwa Turkey.

Berlin Congress redrew taswirar na Balkan Larabawa , kuma ta haka ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa yawa rikice-rikice a kan wannan yanki na ƙasar fiye da sauran kasashen duniya halin da ake ciki ya aggravated. Ko bayan samun 'yanci na Balkan jihohin ba ta gushe ba ya zama wani fagen fama a wadda kishiya babban Turai iko.