A biochemical abun da ke ciki na madara

Mammary gland shine yake - daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci gabobin a jikin mace na duk dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan gland shine yake synthesizes madara, wanda shi ne kadai wa 'ya'yansu abinci a farkon matakai na postnatal ci gaba. Mammary gland shine yake a cikin dabbobi ne sau da yawa ake kira da nono. Nono na saniya kunshi hudu raba gland. Kowane raba baƙin ƙarfe hadarurruka (su saniya - 5-20), kõwane tsãgi - a cikin yanka. Ainihin tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar na gland shine yake ne alveolus, wanda aka tana tattare a cikin wani m cibiyar sadarwa na capillaries. Milk - polydisperse tsarin ya kunshi gaskiya ne, kuma colloidal mafita, suspensions da emulsions. Saniya ta madara ne wani farin ruwa tare da yellowish inuwa, sweetish dandano da tare da wani wari.

Madara ne hada a Alveoli, jera - a kananan da kuma matsakaici-sized excretory ducts. A sakamakon sirrin zo a cikin manyan ducts, sa'an nan accumulates a cikin madara ganga. Bugu da ari, hawa cikin kan nono canal da kuma fito a cikin muhalli. Mammary gland shine yake ayyuka lactation lokaci, wanda yana game da 300 days.

Milk - daya daga cikin manyan abinci ga mutane da dabbobi. Yana da aka hada da sunadarai, lipids, carbohydrates. Sunadaran madara shanu narkewar a 96-99%, lipids - 95, carbohydrate - 98%.

Ga abinci mutane sau da yawa amfani da madara da shanu, kasa - awaki, mares, da raƙuma, bauna, deer mãtã, zebu da yak.

A sunadarai abun da ke ciki na madara

game da ɗari biyu da mutum abubuwa kunshe a madara. Wadannan mahadi za a iya raba biyar manyan kasarun adadi: gishiri, da ruwa, carbohydrates, lipids, sunadarai. A madara, ruwa zai iya zama a jihohin biyu: free kuma daure. Bayan maida hankali, bushewa da kuma sauran iri magani, free ruwa da aka sauƙi cire. Mamaye ruwa ne wani ɓangare na solvate bawo polydisperse tsarin. A sabo ne madara taro na mamaye ruwa ne game da 3.5% zuwa 2.6% skim.

The gina jiki abun da ke ciki na madara. A taro na sunadarai a Bovine madara iya zama har zuwa 4%. Skim madara ƙunshi yafi alpha-casein. A madara, shi Forms caseinate, alli phosphate hadaddun, wanda aka hannu a cikin samuwar sia spherules Shell. thermostable α-lactalbumin, aka hannu a cikin biosynthesis na madara da sukari (lactose) daga monosaccharides (galactose, glucose). β-lactoglobulin denatures a tsaka tsaki matsakaici (PH = 7) da kuma dumama zuwa 70 ° C.

Globulins madara halin high kwayoyin nauyi (har zuwa 1 Mill. YES), a cikin kwayoyin tsarin hada da wani carbohydrate bangaren, sun nuna da kaddarorin enzymes (lipooksidaz). Non-gina jiki nitrogen mahadi aka gabatar a madara urea da kuma a kalla amino acid, purine sansanonin da kuma creatine.

A carbohydrate abun da ke ciki na madara. Yafi carbohydrates gabatar madara lactose (talakawan 4.7%), monosaccharides (glucose, galactose) da kuma phosphoric esters na amino sugars monosaccharides. Cincirindo na lactose aka rajista a cikin karkanda madara.

A sia abun da ke ciki na madara. A abun da ke ciki na madara mai kunshi triacylglycerols, sterols, sterols, phospholipids da glycolipids. Su maida hankali a cikin madara dabbobi dogara a kan daban-daban dalilai (lactation, irin, rage cin abinci, da dai sauransu). A madara mai sharan yawa stearic, palmitic, myristic da oleic acid.

Vitamin abun da ke ciki na madara. Saniya ta madara ƙunshi isasshen adadin matsayin maiko (A, D, E) da kuma narkewa (PP, B1, B2, C) bitamin. Don kara maida hankali na bitamin a cikin madara dabbobi ciyar da raznoobraznyme ciyarwarka da suke da arziki a cikin bitamin a rage cin abinci gudanar bitamin fi mai da hankali A, B, ko E. The madara da kuma ƙunshi pigments: carotenes, chlorophylls da lactoflavin, ya dogara da taro da launi na madara.

Daya daga cikin raunin madara foda ne cewa shi ne fairly wuya warke to wani ruwa jihar. Wannan samfurin da aka samar domin fiye da 110 da shekaru, duk da haka, biochemical abun da ke ciki na powdered madara ne daban-daban daga cikin halitta ta, saboda haka abin da ruwa madara ne yafi amfani.