Ci gaban da psyche a phylogeny: da yayi na msar tambayar bincike da kuma aiwatar da matakai

Don ma'ana fahimci al'amurran da suka shafi ci gaban da mutum psyche cikin phylogeny, shi ya kamata bayyana abin da ke cikin wannan ra'ayi.

Phylogeny wakiltar da ci gaban da nazarin halittu jiki saboda tarihi hali da kuma abubuwan da bi wannan ci gaba da kuma bauta ta kafofin. Schematized shi za a iya wakilta a matsayin mai sashe itacen, wanda aka girma da kuma wasu rassan suna kashe a aiwatar da ci gaban, yayin da wasu suna tasowa.

Ɗan daban-daban a ciki da hidima ajalin ontogenesis, coined da Ernest Haeckal , da kuma ya shafi shawara na ci gaba kamar yadda wani tsari na ganin kwayoyin yuwuwar na kwayoyin, ko da aka gyara da kuma ayyuka.

Don kwanan wata, kimiyya ya ɓullo da wani yawa na kwatance da koyaswar cewa bincika da ci gaban da psyche a phylogeny. Su Babban bambancin tsaye shi ne cewa su yi amfani da daban-daban fuskanci da ainihin sharudda ga kimantawa wasu sigogi na mutum psyche.

Bari mu bincika wasu cikin su.

Antropopsihizm - rukunan cewa wajaba Rene Dekart, zo daga gaskiyar cewa gane da axiomatic matsayi na kasancewa daga cikin psyche kawai wannan nau'in kamar yadda wani mutum. A wannan yanayi, Descartes daukan tunani na juyin alamu na abin da ya faru na psyche da kuma ta waje conditionality.

Wakilai daga sauran makarantu - panpsychism (wannan shi ne, da farko na dukkan wakilan Faransa jari-hujja na Helvetius, Diderot, La Mettrie) yi imani da cewa ci gaban da psyche a phylogeny yana da wani gudunmawata gazawarsu da kuma muhimmi a cikin dukan abin da na kewaye da mu, kamar dutse, ruwa da itace. A wannan suka gan ibada dukkan zama.

More tsakaita a kwatanta da ka'idar panpsychism a look at da ci gaban da psyche a phylogeny, wanda bin kafa biopsihizma - Erich Fromm, A. Lowen. Sun dangana da gaban da hankali ne kawai da namun daji, shuke-shuke hada.

Quite na kowa a duniyar kimiyya shi ne ra'ayi na wakilan neyropsihizma - kimiyya makaranta, da ake kira da kafa Charles Darwin. A cewar wannan koyarwa, da ci gaba da psyche a phylogeny iya faruwa ne kawai a cikin wadanda kwayoyin cewa mallaki juyayi tsarin. A makaranta, a gaskiya, ya ba kawai rinjaye a Soviet kimiyya, amma kuma, watakila, da daya ne kawai cewa ba sa da wani akida zargi da zalunci. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai da yawa tambayoyi da zai iya ba amsa neyropsihizm, ko da yake taimako na wasu daga cikin wakilan a duniyar kimiyya ba za a iya overestimated.

Don gano yadda shi ne ci gaban da psyche a cikin shakka daga phylogeny, cikin wadanda suka kafa kokarin narrower shugabanci neyropsihizma - mozgopsihizm, daya daga cikin manyan kimiyya akidar ne fice neuropsychologist KK Platonov. A wakilan wannan yayi ta nace cewa psyche - sifa daga waɗanda kwayoyin da ba su kawai juyayi tsarin, da kuma mafi kamala ta kashi - kwakwalwa. Kwakwalwa, a gaskiya, kawai a cikin mafi girma dabbobi yana da wani tubular tsarin, yayin da kwari, misali, dole a nodular tsarin tsarin da juyayi tsarin.

Duk da gagarumin bambance-bambance dukkan wadannan tsarin na ilmi, suka duka gane cewa gaban adam sani da hankali ne hallmark shi a matsayin jinsin. Wannan gaskiya ne ba kawai da shafi tunanin mutum raya a cikin phylogenetic tsari. Wannan dukiya ma characterizes ci gaban da psyche a ontogenesis.

psyche juyin halitta ya shafi dama, saukarwa:

- miƙa mulki daga motor-azanci shine fahimta da tunani da perceptual form.

- yunkuri na perceptual form ilimi mataki.

- ci gaban da tunani yuwuwar na ilimi matakin na sani, a cikin abin da babban parametrial Properties daga cikin psyche da mutum da ikon yin abu-halittar wani real yanayi a images, harshe da saye, da kuma ci gaban da isasshen aikace-aikace na ilimi a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma norms na hali.

Da la'akari da kowane daga cikin wadannan bulan ne fairly manyan matsala, ba multiplicity na fassarori da kuma musamman na ra'ayin wani yanayi na shaida tushe da aka yi amfani a cikin wannan filin na kimiyya.