ZIS-154 - na farko m mota tare da wani matasan engine

Disamba 8, 1946 aka gwada na farko m bas ZIS-154, wanda ya a carload layout. Kuma shi ya ba ta ne kawai alama. A sabon bas shi ne na farko Soviet mota tare da wani matasan powertrain. Wannan shi ne m makirci da aka aiwatar a da shi. Yana ciki konewa engine janareta da aka juya su, wanda, bi da bi, ciyar da lantarki Motors, da karfin juyi watsa ga tuki ƙafafun.

Fara kuma prototypes

Aiki a kan aikin ya fara a farkon spring 1946. By May na wannan shekara, KB musamman da aka bas shirya domin VMS, wanda aka tsunduma a cikin shiri da kuma sabon kayan aiki. Ofishin gangarawa AI Skerdzhiev. Ya kamata a lura da cewa bas tsarin ba a halitta daga karce. Prototypes da sabon model sun American GMC da Mack. Yana da wadannan inji yana da wagon-jiki, Ya sanya daga aluminum gami, wanda daga baya aka yi amfani da zane na jiki ZIS-154.

sabon mota engine ne ma ba na asali. Tura-ja ikon naúrar damar 110 lita. wani. (Yaz-204D), shi ne da gaske a "pirated" copy na Amurka engine na GMC. Moscow bas sun yarda da membobinsu na wani sabon mota zuwa 800th tunawa da babban birnin kasar na Tarayyar Soviet. Saboda haka, kada unforeseen yanayi a lokacin da ranar tunawa bikin, a cikin na farko bayar da 45 "model" ZIS gida takwarorinsu powerplant maye gurbin da dizal GMC-4-71, ya samu a cikin shekaru na yaki da kawayenta a ranta-haya.

Bus aluminum

Tun ZIS ya taba bari a mota tare da duk-karfe monocoque jiki, an yanke shawarar zuwa unsa bas zane masana Tushino jirgin sama ma'aikata. A sakamakon hadin gwiwa aiki na biyu CB qazanta jiki da aka halitta, tsarin da ya sa na dama kama sassan wa juna, ya kunshi Frames, jefa karfe da aluminum profiles. Har ila yau bodywork ZIS-154 yanke shawarar daidaita tare da trolleybus jiki MTB-82B da tram MTV-82. Bambanci ta'allaka ne kawai a gaskiya cewa shi aka yi ba ɗauke wadannan halaye na sufuri.

bas Transmission

Da ikon naúrar tana wurinta transversely a raya overhang na bas, mai biyar-seater gado mai matasai. Diesel Yaz-204 D haɗa da ikon janareta samar da kai tsaye halin yanzu da mota, wanda aka ratsa gimbal juyawa zuwa ga raya aksali. Canza shugabanci (gaba da baya da baya) da aka za'ayi da wani canji dake kusa da direba ta wurin. Sauya sheka aka yarda da za a yi kawai bayan da wani dundu na bas.

The girma na bukata tractive kokarin ne ta atomatik gyara, wanda ya tabbataccen da lantarki watsa. A wannan batun, aikin direba da yawa sauki. Kawar da buƙata domin canza giya, bi da bi, da kuma squeezing da kama feda, wanda ya muhimmanci a birane halin wurare. Duk da haka, wannan saukaka bukatar m kuma, sama da dukan, m tabbatarwa da shuka, wanda, ba shakka, a lokacin akwai wani babban matsala saboda sabon abu daga cikin tsarin da kuma rashin kwararru iya gyara.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, da makamashi canjawa wuri daga ciki konewa engine har da dabaran kai mikawa biyu hira tare da gwaji asarar yadda ya dace. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa sama man fetur amfani (65 lita 100 km). Duk da haka, sabon gine-gine da kuma Tsarin tafi jerin. By farkon Yuli a birnin Moscow ya dauki bas cikin da darajõji farko 7 motocin sake ta shuka. A Satumba 7th rundunar kara da juna 25 raka'a.

Wa ni'ima daga fasinjoji

A yi na bas fasinjoji cikin sharuddan saukaka juya daga quite nasara. A ciki an tsara don mutane 60, daga cikinsu - 34 wurin zama. Wurin zama Cushioning Color Zabuka ko na alatu. Domin hunturu ZIS-154 da aka sanye take da mai kyau dumama tsarin, da kuma domin bazara - ventilated. Comfort ƙara da kuma taushi dakatar. Bas kara smoothly koma gaba ɗaya, da cewa a kwatanta da na baya model shi ne kawai mu'ujiza mota. Duk da haka, a lokacin aiki da aka gano wani gagarumin hasara, wanda kyakkyawan jagorancin to karbo daga cikin na'ura daga samarwa.

A babban matsalar da sabon bas

Babbar matsalar da ZIS-154 ya engine. Bugu da kari zuwa high man fetur amfani, Yaz-204D ya sosai m. Duk da haka, ya yi damƙar chadil baki shaye. Amma ba ko da cewa shi ne mafi tsanani. Lokaci da Lokaci dizal bas, suka ce, "shiga cikin miya," cewa shi ne nasu, kuma ba dama ta ƙara lokacinta. Don dakatar da shi, da direba aka yanke man fetur line zama dole. Kuma idan ka tuna cewa engine ya biye a baya na na'ura, shi sosai shi ne mai tsanani matsalar.

"Rabuwa" ya zama wani real bũlãlar ZIS-154. Ko a kan bas lafiya aiki umarnin ga direba ya dakatar da motar da aka umurce ka ƙafa da hannu birki. ya kamata sa'an nan suka tambayi shugaba ko wasu fasinjoji ci gaba braking, kuma zuwa nan da nan shugaban da engine daki da kuma kwance man fetur bututu, game da shi katse samar da man fetur zuwa engine injectors. Warware wannan matsala a shuka iya ba, saboda bai san daidai da tushen da sabon abu.

Saboda haka, tuni a 1950, da cewa shi ne shekaru uku bayan da farkon na samarwa, jerin samar da ZIS-154 da aka gaba daya phased fita. Duk da haka, a lokacin da lokacin da shuka ta fito da 1165 "mu'ujiza-bas", daga abin da bas Parks don su kawar da ƙugiya, ko da crook. Hakika, bas ko da yake ya kasance wata bidi'a domin ta lokaci ba, amma yana da matukar m, sabili da haka ba su samu kara ci gaba da.