Matakan na tsawon lokaci da nauyi

A zamanin d ¯ a mutum yayi amfani da ma'auni da tsawo; Nauyin nauyi - nawa ne zai iya dauka a kafaɗunsa, tsawon - a wane nesa ya shimfiɗa hannunsa.

Tsarin dakalai na tsawon lokaci ne tsarin da ya hada da irin wannan ra'ayi ne, sazhen, arshin, yada, kafa hannu da kuma kai.

Don haka, bari mu dubi asali. Arshin wani ma'auni ne na tsawo, wanda shine 0.7112m (a cikin zamani girma). Don arshin ya kasance al'ada don ɗaukar sarauta mai girma, wanda aka ƙididdige kashi a saman.

Tsarin daka na tsawon lokaci yana da nau'i daban-daban na asali. Harshen farko na arshin shi ne tsawon mataki na mutum lokacin da yake tafiya cikin filin tudu a wani tsayin daka (game da saba'in santimita). An fassara wannan ma'anar matsayin darajar mahimmanci don zayyana irin waɗannan sharudda kamar yadda yake magana da sazhen. Koda lokacin da muke la'akari da tsarin kalmar "arshin", zamu iya ganin tushen "ar" daga tsohuwar tsohuwar Rasha shine "surface of the earth" or "earth", wanda ya tabbatar da ra'ayi na masu ilimin harshe wanda aka tsara tsawon zamanin Rasha na ƙayyadadden tafiya a kafa.

Akwai wani suna don wannan ma'auni - "mataki", i.e. An gudanar da asusun ta hanyar matakan mutum mai girma ("kananan fences" ko "fences").

Girman nesa na farko na Rasha yana nunawa, wanda ya nuna nisa da aka ba da izuwa daya daga cikin shinge zuwa ɗayan a cikin aikin noma. A cikin layi daya tare da ma'anar "filin", waɗannan ra'ayoyi biyu sun dade suna amfani da su na tsawon lokaci. A lokacin mulkin Bitrus mai Girma, an kwatanta kalma daya zuwa 500 fathoms (1066.8 m a cikin zamani). A shekara ta 1649, an karbi "bench verst", suna daidaita dubban fathoms. Daga baya (karni na 18), irin wannan ra'ayi a matsayin alamar waƙa (kalmomi biyar) ya fara amfani.

A matsayin karamin ma'auni a Rasha a matsayin darajar tushe, ana amfani da "span", wanda daga cikin karni na XVII aka dauke shi "kwata na yadi". Saboda haka ya bayyana irin wannan tsayin daka na tsawon lokaci guda biyu inci (rabi na tsawon lokaci) da kuma kalma (kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu).

Ɗaya daga cikin matakai mafi tsawo na tsawon lokaci a Rasha shine "sazhen," wanda ya bambanta da manufarsa da girmansa. Akwai irin wannan bambanci har zuwa goma. Alal misali, "sazhen sauya" shi ne nisa tsakanin iyakar yatsun yatsun yarinya na namiji yaro. Kuma kalmar nan "oblique sazhen" ta ƙayyade daga nisa daga ƙafar kafa na hagu har zuwa yatsan hannun dama na dama, ya tashi.

Akwai ma'anar tsawon lokaci a d ¯ a Rasha, a matsayin "yatsun kafa", wanda yake daidai da tsawon hannun daga hannun yatsun zuwa yatsun hannu. Darajarsa, bisa ga kafofin daban-daban, ya kasance daga 38 zuwa 47. Duk da haka, tun daga karni na XVI an maye gurbin wannan kalma da kalmar "arshin".

Matsakanin ma'auni na farko a Rus an wakilta da waɗannan kalmomi:

- haɓaka (0.044 g);

- bashi mai zane (4.27 g);

- launi (hryvnia), daidai da 96 mawallafa na zinariya (0.41 kg);

- Pood, daidai da fam miliyan 40 (16.38 kg).

Yankin ya kasance mafi ƙarancin tsoffin rukuni na Rasha na ƙididdigar yawan kuri'un kuma ya daidaita 1/96 na zane-zane. An yi amfani da gangar a kashi 1/96 kuma an ba da kuɗin zinariya.

Laban shine zato da ma'auni na nauyin nauyi, kazalika da ma'auni na kuɗi. An yi amfani da wannan kalma don yin la'akari da nauyin kimar kasuwanci. An yi amfani dashi don auna nau'un ƙarfe masu daraja (azurfa da zinariya).

Pud ya daidaita zuwa arba'in fam.

Har ila yau akwai nauyin nauyin, kamar "Berkovets", wanda ke amfani da shi a kasuwannin cinikayya don yin la'akari da yawan kaya (alal misali, kakin zuma ko zuma). A Rasha, a karkashin wannan lokacin, an karɓar nauyin katakon guda goma, wanda ya daidaita nauyin ganga tare da kakin zuma, wanda mutum ya birkita zuwa ga takarda. An fara ambaton Berkovets a cikin asali daga karni na 12 (shahararren masarautar Novgorod daga Prince Vsevolod Gavriil Mstislavovich).