Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta. Babban birnin kasar, katin, photo

May 7, 1934 da Resolution na tsakiya kwamitin zartarwa, abin da ya halitta Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta. Ya matsayi da aka ba Birobidzhan yankin.

A labarin na

Priamurja ƙasa tun zamanin da aka sanaki m kabilu da cewa suna da kananan lambobi. Waɗannan su ne Tungus, Daur da duchers. Rasha mutane suka fara gano waɗannan ƙasashe har cikin tsakiyar 17th karni. A impetus ga wannan yaƙin neman zaɓe Vasiliya Poyarkova, abin da ya faru a cikin watan Yuni shekarar 1644, Rasha tasiri a cikin Amur yankin cemented Erofey Khabarov. Bayan yakin, waɗannan ƙasashe aka hankali shiga cikin Rasha jihar.

Bayan juyin juya halin na 1917 da sabon gwamnatin yanke shawarar jawo hankalin Yahudawa yawan m aiki da kuma fara neman yankin ƙasar gidansa. Soviet shugabanninmu suka sunãyen wani shiri da Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta da za a halitta. Wannan shawarar, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa kuwa, yana da siyasa girma. Halittar wannan m yankin ya inganta dangantakar da yamma, wanda a wancan lokaci ba a gane matasa jihar. Bugu da kari, da ci gaba da Far East da Tarayyar Soviet ya zama dole, wanda mai tsanani barazanar da Japan.

Yanke shawara a kan shiri na Yahudawa a Amur Region wõfintattu ƙasar da aka dauka 28/03/1928 da CEC Presidium. 20.08.1930 na wannan Soviet dalĩli bayar a yanke shawara a kan samuwar da Birobidzhan gundumar, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Far Eastern yankin. A tsakiyar wannan administrative naúrar na gidan rediyon Tikhonkaya. A shekarar 1931 an sake masa suna a Birobidzhan shiri. Da ɗan baya, da gundumar matsayi da aka canza. A da karkararta na Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta da aka kafa. Legislatively gyarawa cewa hukuncin May 7, 1934 Resolution na tsakiya kwamitin zartarwa na Tarayyar Soviet.

labarin kasa

Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta da aka located a kudancin ɓangare na Rasha Far Eastern yankuna. A ta yammacin ɓangare yana dab da Amur Region, kuma a gabas - tare da Khabarovsk Abuja. A iyakar kudancin na Yahudawa m yankin zo daidai da bayyana iyakar Rasha. Yana gudanar tare da Amur River, bayan da ƙasar China.

Yahudawa cin gashin yana da wani yanki daga 36,3 dubu murabba'in kilomita. A 01.01.2015, a kan ƙasa na yawan al'ummarta na 168 da dubu. Mazauna. Birobidzhan birni ne a yankin tsakiyar gundumar.

Kan'ana

A sabon kafa mulkin kai zai zama gaskiya cewa Tarurrukan na sarki ƙasa na yahudawa yawan. Fitowan na gundumar ya haddasa kunnawa da ambaliya na shige da fice daga kasashen waje. Ya m wurin zama a cikin Far East, Nã zãɓe game da ɗari bakwai mutane daga Lithuania da kuma Argentina, Latvia, Faransa, Belgium, Jamus, Poland, Palestine da Amurka.

Duk wannan ya nuna cewa Soviet gwamnati ta yanke shawara sa quite wani m martani a cikin Yahudawa al'umma. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane. A tsawon jimrewa jama'a suka yi murna kasaftawa to shi da kansa ƙasa, kuma abincinsu a kan shi a semblance statehood.

wuri

City Birobidzhan haka sonorous sunan samu daga sunayen biyu na gida ƙõramu sunã gudãna a kusa da nan - Bira da Bijan. A bakin tsohon, kuma aka dagagge zuwa tsakiyar sabuwar kafa m yankin. Birobidzhan a kan taswira za a iya samu a gabashin Bijan River. Yana gudanar a layi daya Bireh da aka located ɗari. Kilomita daga birnin. An ce wadannan biyu sunã gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin m Amur.

Birobidzhan a kan taswira na Rasha shi ne daya daga cikin tashoshin na Trans-Siberian Railway. An halin da kusanci zuwa kan iyaka da kasar Sin (duk 75 kilomita).

Tarik EAO babban birnin kasar

Main Street Birobidzhan mai suna bayan Sholom Aleichem. A cikin ƙasa na shakatawa shi ne da wani abin tunawa da sanannen Yahudawa marubuci. Wannan adadi dvuhmetrovaya jan Shalom Aleikhem (Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich) located a kan dutse tushe. Ƙawata tunawa da tagulla Bas-reliefs, wanda labarun scenes daga marubuci siffanta rayuwar Yahudawa da mutane.

Ba da nisa daga abin tunawa ne Regional Museum, wanda farfado ne zamani art. A cikin gabatarwa na wannan ma'aikata iya sha'awan da zane-zane ta hanyar zamani artists, rubuta a kan batun Tsohon Alkawali. Don kwanan wata, wannan tarin ƙunshi game da ɗari biyu da guda na daban-daban styles, mawallafa ne artists da dama yankuna na Rasha.

A babban birnin kasar na Yahudawa cin gashin kanta District yayi baƙi da kuma mazauna birnin don a ji dadin aiki na m tawagar na shiyya Philharnonic al'umma. A wannan cibiyar na art da al'adu na Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta aiwatar da wani da ban sha'awa sosai m ayyukan da cewa embody da sittin artists na daban-daban nau'o'i.

Yi Philharnonic gini da aka kammala a 1984 da kuma a halin yanzu manyan concert zauren tare da yardar ziyara zuwa da ɗari bakwai kallo. Dadi aiki yanayi da ake halitta m teams. Ina da maimaitawa da kuma ofishin sarari, miya dakuna, mafi zamani sauti, da haske da video tsinkaya tsarin a cikin ginin.

A yankin Philharnonic bukukuwa na Yahudawa da Slavic al'adu. Zo nan don rangadin sanannen Rasha da kuma kasashen waje tuni da masu sana'a kungiyoyin.

Daya daga cikin al'adu jan hankali na Birobidzhan ne Regional Museum. Yana yiwuwa ka san ko da tarihi na Yahudawa cin gashin, abin da ya bayyana a 'yan shekaru kafin jihar na Isra'ila. A cikin dakunan na nuni ne abubuwa da takardun nuna tarihin fitowan da kuma ci gaban birnin. Yana kuma tattara shaida daga cikin al'adu da kuma tattalin arziki nasarori, wanda alfahari District. The gidan kayan gargajiya da aka dake kusa da majami'ar a Lenin Street.

Guests iya gano Birobidzhan da kuma na farko da dutse coci, gina a yankin. Yana Gaske Shelar Cathedral, wanda aka kammala a 2004 da gina

Awesome yanayi dillancin iya zama m daga cikin Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta. Birobidzhan yayi baƙi da kuma mazauna birnin ziyarci arboretum. A sararin ƙasa na 19 kadada horar da musamman tarin shuke-shuke. Wannan babban aiki da ake yi domin wadãtar da shuka albarkatu a cikin yankin, kazalika da na tattalin arziki, ilimi, ilimi da kimiyya da ayyukan. Wannan shakatawa ne da gaskiya da yin alfahari da Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta. yankin map ya nuna cewa yana da wani sashi na gauraye coniferous-deciduous gandun daji. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wani m iri-iri da itatuwan da 'yan qasar zuwa arboretum. Akwai kuma shrubs. Amma, duk da wannan, a kowace shekara a wurin shakatawa sanya saukowa itacen al'ul seedlings, fir da spruce.

Ga baƙi zuwa wannan musamman yankin balaguro din, a lokacin da za ka iya gani a manyan yawan itacen jinsuna. Musamman en hanya ta'allaka ne a kan wani tsauni, wanda yayi ban mamaki ra'ayoyi na ridges Uldury, Bastak, Shuwa-pokto. Tare da iyakoki na shakatawa ne kananan tafkunan. Mazauna ne kananan kwaro, frogs da kuma Far East Siberian salamander.

A Birobidzhan jerin jan hankali ne ma:

- Lenin abin tunawa a gina a gaban ginin inda aka dake cikin lardin gwamnatin.
- stele gina a bakin ƙofar birni, inda akwai ãyõyi biyu a Rasha da kuma Yiddish.
- wani abin tunawa a girmama na farko Yahudawa majagaba a kan square a gaban tashar.

- wani marmaro tare da Yahudawa menorah.
- tunawa da wani madawwami wuta a ƙwaƙwalwar daga waɗanda mazauna suka mutu a lokacin da Mai girma Patriotic War.
- Chapel Orthodox mulki Icon na Uwar Allah, gina a wurin shakatawa na Nasara;
- EC-3 tank, saka a matsayin abin tunawa a shekarar 2005.;
- majami'a.
- sassaka Yahudawa kuma mai kada violin stele da Muses a Philharnonic.
- Church of Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, aka yi da itace a 1998-99.

Shiyyar lokaci

Saboda gaskiya cewa a cikin Far East, a wani babba nesa daga babban birnin kasar na Rasha shi ne Yahudawa m yankin, yayin da aka canja game da Moscow a 7 am. Wannan Shiyyar lokaci na kasa da kasa misali kira a matsayin VLAT / VLAST (Vladivostok Lokacin Zone). Tare da girmamawa ga Greenwich nufin lokaci ne mai motsi na 11 hours.

sauyin yanayi

Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta da aka located in wani yanki mamaye bushe da sanyi hunturu, kazalika da rigar da kuma zafi lokacin bazaar. Yana da wani sashi na temperate monsoon sauyin yanayi zone. By ta yanayi EAO ne daya daga cikin mafi m wurare na Far East. Features sauyin yanayi zones haifar da kyau kwarai yanayi a nan domin ci gaba da ganye da gandun daji ciyayi da kuma noma amfanin gona.

More tsanani sauyin yanayi na arewacin kasar na gundumar ne daban-daban. Ga kuma wasu yankunan na permafrost. A wajen kudu, da yanayi ne mafi m ga rayuwa.

The talakawan zafin jiki a Janairu EAO yanki jeri daga 21 zuwa 26 digiri Celsius. A watan Yuli, da iska mai tsanani ne zuwa 18-21 digiri. Average yawan outliers a shekara hazo jeri daga 500 zuwa 800 mm.

al'ada

Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta (Far Eastern Tarayya District) na da musamman karkatarwa. Wannan shi ne mafi m ƙasa na Amur yankin ne m asa ga ci gaban fasaha da kuma al'adu. Shi ne mafi tsufa a cikin Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta a cikin Far East wallafe-wallafen studio. Ta hanyar kokarin da membobinta aka buga anthologies kamar "Birobidzhan" da "outpost".

Daga cikin mafiya muhimmanci na al'adu events a yankin - halittar Jihar Yahudawa Theater. A cikin 1970s, ya bude a Birobidzhan Yahudawa bẽne, Musical Theater. Da ewa ba bayan, da wasanni fara murna masu sauraro tare da wata yar tsana gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma gungu na violinists.

albarkatun kasa

A arewa na Yahudawa m yankin, kazalika da a arewa maso yammacin ɓangare na ridges suna located Pompeevskogo, Sutarskoye, Karami Hinggan da zai dinga Bureya kunya. Hills a cikin ƙasa na Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta, a ranar da kudancin gangara an rufe tare da deciduous gandun daji. A gefen arewa na wadannan tuddai girma, yafi coniferous itatuwa. A cikin wadannan sassa za a iya samu honeysuckle da daji inabi, da Manchurian irin goro. Ya ke tsiro a nan ko da toshe kwalaba.

A cikin ƙasa na Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta yana da wani musamman kare wuri. Wannan shi ne fiye da dubu ɗari uku kadada tare da ajiye, da iyali na ajiyar ketare, kusan uku dozin halitta Monuments.

Amazing a da kyau da shuka za a iya gani a gefen surface ruwa a jikinsu. A lokacin rani da shi blooms Komarov lotus. Its babbar, tare da wani yaro ta dabino, duhu m petals ƙawata ruwa.

A musamman ma'aunan kasa tsarin da ƙasa na Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta ba ka damar yin tsinkaya game da gano a nan na man fetur da zinariya tama, gas da kuma dutse phosphate, ornamental da kuma ta da duwatsu, platinum da lu'ulu'u. A halin yanzu, akwai gudana samar da baƙin ƙarfe, da manganese tama, talc da magnesite, peat da kuma ruwan kasa da kwal, sabo da thermo-ma'adinai magani ruwaye.

administrative division

A Presidium na Majalisar Koli a Resolution, da aka buga a 1991, ware fitar da Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta daga Khabarovsk Territory, yin shi da wani zaman kanta mahaluži. A 2006, na gaba na birni garambawul da aka za'ayi. A sakamakon haka, a cikin biyar gundumomi da aka raba Yahudawa cin gashin kanta District. Cities a cikin kwalba 'yan. Biyu kawai daga gare su. Yana Birobidzhan, Birobidzhan ne cibiyar da gundumar, kazalika da irradiated (Obluchensky gundumar). A cibiyoyin da sauran yankunan uku ne kauyuka da kuma garuruwa. A jerin wadannan yankin abokai da aka jera a kasa:
- Leninsky gundumar - tsakiyar kauyen Lenin.
- Oktyabrsky gundumar - tsakiyar kauyen Amurzet.
- Smidovichsky gundumar - tsakiyar kauyen Smidovich.

nan gaba masu yiwuwa

Daga cikin 1990s a kan matsayi na filin fara tafiya mai tsanani tattaunawa. Wannan shi ne lokaci sa'ad da Yahudawa suka yi} aura zuwa Isra'ila en sun mayar. A sakamakon haka shi da view of auka daga cikin Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta, kazalika da bai dace ba ta zama a nan gaba.

Don kwanan wata, aikin ci gaba da shiga cikin Yahudawa mai cin gashin kanta a cikin Khabarovsk Territory, kazalika da wani tsari don hada a cikin Amur yankin tare da lokaci daya samuwar na Amur yankin.