Manganese tama: mine, hakar ma'adinai. Reserves na manganese tama a duniya

Manganese tama - mai ma'adinai ma'adanai. Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin muhimmanci masana'antu da tattalin arziki da daraja. Wadannan sun hada da ma'adanai irin su Brown, rhodonite, rhodochrosite, bustamite, pyrolusite, manganite da sauransu. Manganese ores ake samu a dukkan nahiyoyi (akwai ciki har da a cikin ƙasa na Rasha Federation).

duniya hannun jari

Don kwanan wata, manganese tama da aka samu a cikin 56 kasashen. Mafi yawa daga cikin adibas ne a Afirka (game da 2/3). Total manganese tama reserves a duniya, bisa ga ka'idojin lissafin, yawan zuwa 21 ya kai tan biliyan (inganta biliyan 5). Fiye da 90% na su a cikin stratiform adibas - adibas dangantawa da sedimentary kankara. Sauran dangantaka da weathering ɓawon burodi da kuma hydrothermal kafofin.

95% na hannun jari mallakar kasashe 11 - Ukraine, Afirka ta Kudu, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Australia, Georgia, Brazil, Rasha, China, India da kuma Bulgaria. Duk da cewa a kasar Sin ingancin da na halitta tama ne in mun gwada low, kasar Sin yana dauke da wani shugaban a samar da fitarwa tama. Bugu da kari, shi na samar da dama daga cikin ma'adanai samu daga wadannan albarkatun kasa.

tsarin karba-karba

Duniya samar da manganese tama daban-daban tsarin karba-karba. Alal misali, primary albarkatun kasa oxide da aka ajiye kawai a bakin teku wuraren da lãka da sandstones na kowa. Away daga tekuna da kuma tekuna, suna carbonate tama. Wadannan sun hada da alli rhodochrosite, rhodochrosite da manganocalcite. Irin wannan manganese tama gana a yankuna da flasks da clays. Wani irin adibas - metamorphosed. Wadannan mahakar ne hali na India.

A mafi tsufa tama

Kazalika da sauran kafofin na ma'adanai, manganese tama a duniya da aka kafa a sosai daban-daban lokaci na ci gaba da ɓawon burodi na duniya tamu. Sun bayyana a cikin Precambrian kuma a cikin Cenozoic zamanin. Wasu nodules a kan teku bene da kuma tattara zuwa wannan rana.

Daya daga cikin tsofaffin dauke Brazilian baƙin ƙarfe quartzites da kuma Indian gondity, wanda ya bayyana a cikin Precambrian metallogenic epoch da geosynclinal tsarin. A daidai wannan lokacin akwai Ghana Manganese tama (mine nsutite-Dagvino) da kuma Afirka ta Kudu (kudu-maso-gabas na Kalahari Desert). Kananan hannun jari na Early Paleozoic Era ne a Amurka, Sin da Rasha a gabas. China ta most ajiya na wannan zamani an dauke Shanvutu a lardin Hunan. Manganese tama mined a Rasha suna located in Far East (a cikin duwatsu na Karami Hinggan) da kuma Kuznetsky Alatau.

Late Paleolithic da Cenozoic

Manganese tama Late Paleozoic zamanin halayyar Tsakiya Kazakhstan, inda biyu main adibas da ake ci gaba - Ushkatyn-W kuma Dzhezdinskoe. Key ma'adanai - Brown hausmannite, hematite, manganite, kuma pyromorphite psilomelane. Late Cretaceous da Jurassic volcanism haifar da manganese tama a cikin Trans-Baikal yankin, da Caucasus, New Zealand da kuma Coast na Arewacin Amirka. The most ajiya na wannan lokaci Groote Island aka gano a 1960. a Australia.

A Cenozoic zamanin ya na musamman a sikelin jari na manganese tama a kudu na gabashin Turai Platform (Mangyshlanskoe, Chiatura ajiya Nikopol pool). Sa'an nan manganese tama akwai kuma a wasu yankuna na duniya. A Bulgaria Obrochishte ajiya kafa, da kuma a Gabon - Moanda. Dukan su ne halin da mineralized yashi, kuma lãka adibas. Ma'adanai ne ba a cikin nau'i na oolites, nodules, gungu da kuma earthy concretions. Wani pool na manganese tama (Ural) ya bayyana a cikin zurfi na lokaci. Yana lullube ga tazarar kilomita 300. Wannan Layer da manganese ores damar 1 zuwa 3 mita rufe gabashin gangara na Ural Mountains.

tama iri

Akwai da dama a kayyade iri adibas na manganese ores volcanogenic-sedimentary, sedimentary, metamorphogenic da weathering. Daga cikin wadannan hudu iri a fili tsaye a waje mafi muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin duniya. Muna magana ne game da sedimentary adibas. Su sun mayar da hankali a kusa da 80% na dukkan hannun jari na manganese tama a duniya.

Mai manyan sikelin-adibas sun kafa a cikin ruwa da ke tafasa da kuma bakin teku-marine daruna. Wannan Jojiyanci Chiatura nawa, Kazakhstan Mangystau, Bulgarian Obrochishte. Har ila yau, su manyan size bambanta Ukrainian Nikopol pool. Its tama-qazanta filayen miƙa tare da waɗansu kõguna Ingulets da Dnepr. Nan Kusa birane - Zaporozhye da Nikopol. Pool ne elongated tsiri na da nisa daga 5 kilomita kuma nisan kilomita 250 dogon. Plast - shi ne m lãka shirya tare da ruwan tabarau, concretions. Manganese tama, photos da ka iya gani a cikin labarin, ya ta'allaka ne a zurfin mita 100.

Karkashin ruwa da kuma volcanic adibas

Manganese tama mined ba kawai a kan ƙasar amma kuma karkashin ruwa. Sun yi haka yafi Amurka da Japan, wanda ba su da manyan reserves a "bushe" yankunan. Yawanci tsara karkashin ruwa nawa manganese tama ne a zurfin kilomita 5.

Wani irin tsarin - volcanic. Domin wadannan adibas ne halin da sadarwa da ferruginous da carbonate kankara. A tama gawarwakin yawanci suna hanzari pinches fita ba daidai ba ruwan tabarau, yadudduka da alkamarta. Suna hada da carbonates, da baƙin ƙarfe, da manganese. Ikon da tama jikuna daga 1 zuwa mita 10. By volcanic-sedimentary irin su adibas na Kazakhstan da Rasha (Il-Niliyskoe da Primagnitogorskoe). Shi ne kuma tama Salair Ridge (siliceous porphyry-samuwar).

Weathering ɓawon burodi da kuma tama metamorphogenic

Field weathering crusts kafa ta bazuwar na manganese tama. Masana sun kuma ake magana a irin wannan yawa na huluna. Breeds na irin wannan da a Brazil, Indiya, Venezuela, Australia, Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Canada. Wadannan ores hada vernadite psilomelane da pyrolusite. Suna kafa ta hadawan abu da iskar shaka na rhodonite da rhodochrosite manganocalcite.

Metamorphogenic ores kafa a lokacin lamba ko yanki metamorphism dauke da duwatsu da kuma sedimentary manganese ores. Saboda haka akwai rhodonite da bustamite. An misali na irin wannan adibas - Karsakpay a Kazakhstan.

Rasha adibas na manganese ores

Urals - a key Manganese tama karafa yankin a Rasha. Industrial adibas na dutse bel za a iya dangana ga iri biyu: volcanic da sedimentary. A karshen suna located a cikin Ordovician sediments. Wannan kungiyar hada Chuvalskaya kungiyar a Perm yankin. Musamman sabanin ta Parnoksky ajiya a Komi. Yana da aka gano a 1987 da wani yanki balaguro daga Vorkuta. Ajiya da aka located a cikin kwaruruka na da iyakacin duniya Urals, 70 km daga Inta. Wannan samuwar aka located a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin shales da farar ƙasa. Yana alama a yawan key mineralized yankunan: Pachvozhsky, Magnetic, Far da kuma Gabas.

Kamar yadda a wasu filayen na da irin wannan a cikin filin Parnoksky mafi carbonate, da kuma manganese oxidized kankara. Suna halin a cream ko ruwan kasa launi da kuma hada rhodonite da rhodochrosite. A matakin na manganese a su - game da 24%.

dũkiya da Urals

In mun gwada talauci gane Upper Chuvalskie adibas located in Perm yankin. A babba matakan da hadawan abu da iskar shaka zone a su ɓullo da launin ruwan kasa da kuma baki baƙin ƙarfe-manganese tama. A gabas gangara Ural kowa sedimentary adibas (Kipchak Chelyabinsk yankin, Akkerman a Orenburg). Development fara a karshe zamani na Great Patriotic War.

A saba'in kilomita daga babban birnin kasar na Bashkortostan, Ufa birni, ne Upper sedimentary ajiya Ulu Telyak. manganese farar ƙasa located nan fasalin haske launin ruwan kasa. Wannan shi ne yafi detrital abu, wanda aka kafa bayan halakar farko tama. Yana da aka hada da vernadite, chalcedony da psilomelane.

A Sverdlovsk yankin ne Paleogene sedimentary adibas. Ga tsaye a manyan Arewa-Ural tasa, har ya zuwa kusan kilomita 300. Ya na da mafi manganese tama manyan tabbatar reserves a yankin. Pool hada da goma sha biyar filayen. The most of su - da Catherine, Yuzhno-Berezovsky, New Berezovsky Berezovsky Yurkinskoe, Marsyatskoe, Ivdelsky, Lozvinskoe, Tyninskoe. Local kududdufai karya a cikin Sands, clays, Sands, silts da gravels.