Basil Poyarkov - Rasha Explorer: biography, bude

Kamar da yawa Rasha explorers, godiya ga wanda Rasha ya samu sararin yankuna sama da Amur da Pacific, ranar haifuwa da mutuwa, Vasili Poyarkova ba a sani ba. A shirin Tarihi shi an ambaci daga 1610 zuwa 1667. Bisa ga wannan, lokacin rayuwarsa Frames ne m.

Service aji mutane na Siberia

An sani cewa Vasily Poyarkov aka haife daga zamanin d birnin Kashin a Tver lardin. Ya kasance daga cikin hidima mutane, watau, ga rukuni na mutane waɗanda aka zamar masa dole ya kai a cikin ni'imar da gwamnati ko soja ko administrative sabis. Service mutane da sauran sunayen - Martial da sarki mutane, free bayin posluzhiltsy (da son rai bayi) da kuma kawai warriors.

Wadannan sunayen sun kasance a amfani daga XVI ya XVIII karni. Basil Poyarkov su yi hidima a Siberia an soja kurum marar tun 1630. Akwai ya tashi zuwa rank na shugaban a rubuce. Abin da ake nufi? Yana hukuma, wani ma'aikacin a gwamna. Mafi yawa wannan ofishin hadu a Siberia da kuma Astrakhan. A dama banki na Lena River a 1632 aka sa shi jarumin Petrom Beketovym Yakut redoubt. Fiye da shekaru goma ta zama Gudanarwa cibiyar lardin Yakutsk kuma masomin na babban adadin kasuwanci da masana'antu expeditions zuwa arewa, kudu da gabas Asia. Kuma akwai na farko voivod boyi PP Golovin, a cikin abin da wani aikin kansa da kuma bauta Vasily Poyarkov.

dace da dan takarar

A waɗannan lokuta Vasily Danilovich aka dauke da wani sosai da ilimi, amma hali ya kyawawan m. Rasha, kunshe a kan Lena kogin, to duba a hankali zuwa kudanci da gabashin, kuma zuwa Arewa Abuja. Yana da aka riga aka sani cewa Amur yankin ne mai arziki a cikin arable ƙasar, wanda aka haife mai yawa burodi, kuma a Yakutsk shi shigo daga wancan hayin Urals.
Saboda haka, a lokacin da aka yanke shawarar aika a bincike a fannin Shilkara (Cupid) detachment na Cossacks, shugaban su da aka saka Basil Poyarkov. Ya zo a cikin dukan mutunta - shi ya zama dole to ba kawai neman ƙarin bayani game da dama kasar, amma shi ne zai yiwu rikodin kamar yadda suka fade da kuma yin duk cards. Ya account na balaguro Vasiliy Danilovich Poyarkov don haka ya kira "hikaya".

kaya

A naúrar kunshi 133 mutane da aka sanye take da wani igwa, babban adadin pishchals (farkon samfurori da makamai) da kuma harsasai. Bugu da kari, akwai mutane da yawa a cikin ayarin motocin jirgin kayan aikin da zane domin gina jiragen da yawa daban-daban sayarwa ga kyauta ga mazauna da kuma rabawa tare da su - zane da kuma beads, jan tukwane da tasoshi. Abu mafi muhimmanci - da detachment aka tsananin haramta a kowace hanya zarga ko ya zalunce da mazauni. Kafin aika da Cossacks aka shiga ta game da dozin "m mutane" (da ake kira industrialists) da kuma fassara. Suka zama maniyyi Petrov Clean.

Specific raga na balaguro

A 1639, wani detachment na Cossacks a kan kafar karkashin Explorer Ivan Yuryevich Moskvitina riga ya kai gaba na Bahar Okhotsk da Sakhalin Bay. Vasiliy Danilovich Poyarkov ya jam'iyyar da farko ya tafi da Amur, da kuma burin ya kai Pacific tekuna kafin detachment aka ba sa. Su main aiki ya yi nazarin Amur yankin. Rasha wanda zauna a Yakutsk, ya riga ya warwatsa data a kewaye da koguna da mutanen da suka rayu a kan su gaba.

Poyarkovo aka bukata don gane da cikakken bayanin da albarkatun kasa, musamman tabbatarwa jita-jita, babbar inventories na daban-daban ores. Muna bukatar cikakken bayani kan zama na gida mazauna, hanya da kuma sawu da aka riga aka sani, kuma Shilka kõguna Zia. Detail an amince hanya Basil Poyarkova da kuma magana da dukan bayanai game da wuraren da suke je a kan kafar detachment na Cossacks.

Dauria

A kasar, wanda shi ne na farko faduwa a cikin hanyar, da ake kira Daura, kuma akwai riga ziyarci da Cossack Maxim Perfil'ev a 1636, da kuma industrialist Averkiev. Duka su komo, suka faɗa ban mamaki da labaru game da dũkiya daga wadannan yankuna, da kuma Perfil'ev kusantar da taswirar da aka yi amfani har da XIX karni. By Dauria bi ɓangare na yanzu Trans-Baikal da Amur yankin West. Saboda haka cewa mai karatu ya iya sa a kalla wasu ra'ayin yadda za a inganta da balaguro Vasily Poyarkova, a kasa mun ba katin. All raka'a baya aiko don gano, sun kima - tare da Dmitriem Kopylovym tafi 509 Cossacks, Ivan Moskvitin - 32. Kuma Petr Petrovich Golovin Fitted fitar da-m soja balaguro na 133 mutane, kuma ya aka jiran sakamakon da ya dace.

fara yaƙin neman zaɓe

A mafi yawan sanannun ransa Vasily Poyarkova - wannan lokaci ya shahara yakin, wanda aka kaddamar a 1643-m, kuma gama a 1646. A watan Yuli-wata detachment Poyarkov bawa, ya fito daga Yakutsk, 6 katakon ninkaya (kogin kai-propelled jirgin ruwa tare da wani lebur kasa da kuma wani bene kaya iya aiki daga 7 zuwa 200 ton), saukar da Lena ga batu na mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Aldan. Sa'an nan, Aldan da biyu da waɗansu kõguna na ta kwari, Uchur da Gonam, suka tafi wurin na farko ajiye motoci.

A hanya zuwa filin ajiye motoci na jiragen ruwa

Ya kamata a lura da cewa ci gaba da komowar ruwa tafi daidai ba sauri - daga bakin da mahaɗar tsakãninsu da Aldan shi Uchur tawagar da aka samun wata. A hanyar da inflow da estuary na Aldan Gonam dauki wani kwanaki 10. A cewar Gonam to gudãna jiragen ruwa ne kawai zai iya zama kilomita 200, sa'an nan ya fara da Rapids, ta hanyar abin da katakon ninkaya ya portage. Kamar yadda aka rubuta records, da ƙofofi sun arba'in - duk wadannan matsaloli shi ya dauki wani 5 makonni.
Kaka zo, kuma matafiyi Vasily Poyarkov yanke shawarar yanki naúra da wani kaya na yi izni ga ciyar da hunturu a cikin kotu, da kuma zuwa ga haske, tare da mutane 90, tafi a kan sleds (dogon sleigh) ta hanyar da inflow Gonam sutam kuma ta hanyar da inflow sutam Nuam kara zuwa zama kunya (dutsen waje kewaye Khlngan).

Da gangan da kuma Unprofessional hali

Cin Nasara da wannan hanya na makonni biyu, VD Poyarkov shiga Amur yankin, da kuma bayan wannan adadin lokaci a kan inflow Mulmage ke da babban kogin Dubi kuma a zahiri da ke shiga cikin Dauria. Wasu kafofin na bayanai game da ci gaban da balaguro ne daban-daban. A wasu girmamawa a kan fushi Poyarkova, wanda ya fi so Hanyar yi garkuwa da daraja aborigines da kuma kara soliciting kyaututtuka da kuma tilasta yin hadin gwiwa. A sauran jihohi, da cewa "rubutu kai", ko da yake shi ne sanyi, amma sai ya tuna da umarni - ba su zarga da ke yankin.
Kuma da m kara amincewa Cossacks mazauni yi imani Petrova. Ya wai aika a kai na 40-mutumin bincike da Amur, na tsaya a wani babban kauye. Daur aiko babban kyauta, amma Petrov a kan kansa himma farmaki kauyen da kuma tafiya da Cossacks ya naúrar aka karya doki Daur. Kuma a sa'an nan a fadin Amur Rasha matafiya da aka ba a yarda da Coast da kuma kai hari da su, inda zai yiwu.

Da farko m wintering

Duk da haka, a mafi kowa version ya ce da kaina Vasyl Poyarkov, Explorer kuma navigator, discoverer na sabon asashe, umurni da kama da aka yi garkuwa (garkuwa da su) wakilan Dahurian nobility da kuma kiyaye su a cikin gina garu kurkuku domin tilasta biya dues ba Manchus, da kuma Rasha Tsar. Redoubt da aka kyau da garu, da kuma Cossacks san da yawa game da yaki, kuma duk da kokarin da mazauna yankunan harin da aka tsãwace. Amma daga farkon Janairu shekarar 1644, kuma har da spring redoubt ya karkashin kawancen. Yana fara wani m yunwa, kuma, rubuta records kamar yadda Basil kansa Poyarkov, biography wanda zai in ba haka ba sun ƙare har a nan, da kuma Cossacks 'ci gawawwaki. " Rasha ayyuka baki dauka a cikin zobe, sickens Fed daurov. A labarai da wannan m gaskiya tsẽre gaba na balaguro.

Saukarsa tare da Amur

A cikin bazara, lokacin da, domin duk abin da dalili, da zobe na besiegers fadi baya, VD Poyarkov aiko domin hunturu a kan gaba daga cikin Gonam, sauran karkashin iko da waccan mujalla da muka Petrova tafi a kan ga Amur bincike. Petrov koma tawagar aka mugun addabi, sakamakon shi a total number of reinforcements isa Cossacks karkashin umurnin V. Poyarkova ya 70 mutane. Sun gina sabon jirage da kuma shiga jirgin ruwa a kan Zee da Amur. Cikin Rasha ya gana da kin amincewa da juriya da kuma aka tilasta gangarawa zuwa cikin bakin wannan babban kogi.

New unknown kabilan

Haka bayan daurov mutane suna ci karo Cossacks a tsakiyar kai na da Amur River, sun tillers duchers. News of mugaye "cannibals" da kuma zo a cikin kunnuwansu. Mayakan duchers bincike detachment na Cossacks, kunsha na 20 mutane da aka halaka. An aika da wargajewa bincike explorers ya faru a bakin wani babban inflow na Amur - Songhua River. A gaba kabilu biyu ci karo da tawagar VD Poyarkova ba kasance manoman ko dayansu - suka farauta kifi. Ta ciyar da manyan kifaye ado a canza launin fatansu. A farko kabilar kira Gold, da kuma na biyu, wanda yake zaune a bakin Amur, Gilyaks.

marar tushe ayyuka

Bisa ga kiyaye tarihin ba, ba na farko kuma na biyu mutane da VD Poyarkova ya ba karo da nan da nan Gilyaks yarda yi rantsuwa amincewa da Rasha Tsar, kuma ko da ya ba na farko haraji - haraji. A nan, a bakin Amur Cossacks fara ta biyu hunturu. Sake su yana da damar fuskanci zafin yunwa da ci mũshe. Watakila haka ne, watakila, saboda zaluncin (ko da yake muna yau, da rashin alheri, za mu sani ba) Basil Poyarkov cewa bude wannan hunturu Amur estuary kuma da Tatar mashigar kuma koya game da "m mutane" zaune a kan Sakhalin Island, a gaban kafa a kashe a kan wani dogon tafiya farmaki lumana Gilyaks. A sakamakon wannan yaki a detachment na Cossacks halved.

samu

Ices suka buɗe, da kuma Vasily Poyarkov shiga Amur estuary. A nan gaba, a cikin watanni uku, an tashe shi tare da kudu-gabar yammacin tekun Okhotsk (duk tabbatar da takardun). Sailor koma daga bakin Amur River zuwa mahaɗar tsakãninsu Okhotsk (Lamsky) Sea Beehives River. Nan, bayan da hadari, wanda buga wani tsautsayi tawagar, Cossacks fara a kan su uku hunturu. Amma waɗannan ƙasashe a 1639 ya riga ya ziyarci Ivan Yurevich Moskvitin, da kuma yan unguwa biya haraji to da Rasha Tsar. Bayan wintering tawagar (bisa ga daban-daban kafofin, a cikin abun da ke ciki shi ne daga 20 zuwa 50 mutane) a cikin kogin Mae take juyowa zuwa Yakutsk, inda ya isa a tsakiyar watan Yuni 1646.

Da isa yabo da shortcomings na balaguro

Babban manufar da yaƙin neman zaɓe ya gano V. Poyarkova adibas na darma, tagulla da kuma azurfa tama, amma sai aka ba a samu. Bugu da kari, da mai bincike ya karya asali shirin na balaguro, ya hallaka mutane da yawa ba daidai ba yanke shawara. Har yanzu Vasily Poyarkov (wanda ya bude wannan mutum, ka yanzu sani) ya Rasha sabon hanya zuwa tekun Pacific da kuma babbar yankunan da sabon arziki nata, da kuma na farko shigar da Amur tasa da kuma shiga tarihin kasar a matsayin wani babban majagaba wanda mai suna da sunan da kauyuka, da kuma koguna, da kuma steamers. A 2001, bankin na Rasha 50 rubles tsabar "Fe V. Poyarkova" da aka saki. Yana da wani ɓangare na wani jerin "Development kuma gudanar da bincike na Siberia."

Ya kamata a lura da cewa zaluntar V. Poyarkova rubuta da yawa - da kuma azabtar da fursunonin da, da ya yi ba ya ƙyãmar, da kuma gonakin alkama ƙone fita zuwa wuce haddi da farko abinci sayar povygodnee. Amma, mafi muhimmanci, da abin da aka cimma a irin wannan halayya V. Poyarkov - shi ne mai kaifi kin amincewa da 'yan asalin yawan mahalarta a cikin gaba Rasha balaguro, misali E. P. Habarova. Amma a wannan Poyarkovo iya kammala balaguro da kuma isar da hukuma bayanai game da sabon asashe. A karshe shekaru na rayuwa Vasily Poyarkova da aka gudanar a birnin Moscow, cikin zaman lafiya da wadata. A Siberia, ya yi aiki a wannan wuri har sai 1648.