Wallafe-wallafe 18th karni

XVIII karni ne karni na haske. Ya tunawa da tsoho al'adu da kuma nasarorin da Renaissance. Banbanci a kan kimiyya, xa'a da kyawawan dabi'u yana da adabi na 18th karni, wanda ya sanya an invaluable taimako ga duniya al'ada. Haskakarka ba Yunƙurin zuwa Faransa juyin juya halin gaba daya ya canza da tsarin zamantakewa na Turai.

Wallafe-wallafe da 18th karni bauta yafi ilimi ayyuka, shi mãsu gayya zama babban masana falsafa da kuma marubuta. Suna da wani m adadin na ilmi, wani lokacin encyclopedic, kuma ba tare da dalili to yi imani da cewa kawai ya samu haskaka da mutum zai iya canza duniya. Suka ɗauke su bil'adama ideas ta hanyar adabi, wanda ya kunshi yafi na falsafa treatises. Wadannan ayyukan da aka rubuta a fairly fadi da kewayon masu karatu, iya tunani da kuma dalilin. A mawallafa fatan za a ji da karin mutane.

Tsakanin 1720 da kuma 1730s shi ne ake kira haskaka classicism. Its main content shi ne cewa da marubuta sun yi izgili da cikakkar daular mulkinsu, dangane da misalai na zamanin d art da kuma wallafe-wallafe. A cikin wadannan ayyukan jin pathos da heroism, wanda ake nufin da ra'ayin halittar Jihar aljanna.

Harkokin waje na adabi na 18th karni yi mai yawa. Ta ya iya nuna haruffa da mãsu gaskiya, kishin kasa. Domin wannan category mutane daidaitaka, fraternity da kuma 'yanci ne babban fifiko. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa wadannan haruffa ne gaba daya bã tãre da individuality, bayani dalla-dalla, da suka mallaka ne kawai daukaka so.

A wuri mai haske classicism zo haske hakikanci cewa, kawo adabi to mutane kusa da Concepts. Harkokin waje na adabi na 18th karni samu wani sabon shugabanci, a mafi idon basira da kuma mulkin demokraɗiyya. Writers suna juya zuwa ga wani namiji bayyana rayuwarsa, magana game da zafi da baƙin ciki. Harshe litattafan da waqe-waqe da marubuta tura su karatu don rahama da tausayi. Haskaka mutane na 18th karni fara karanta ayyukan Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, Montesquieu, Lessing, Kodayake kuma Defoe. Babban haruffa - talakawa mutane wanda ba zai iya tsayayya da jama'a kyawawan dabi'u, sosai m kuma sau da yawa m. A mawallafa na waɗannan ayyuka ne har yanzu da nisa sosai daga idon basira da wallafe-wallafen da hotuna na heroes of 19th da 20th ƙarni, amma ya lura da wani gagarumin motsi zuwa ga wani ƙarin m hali kwatancin.

Rasha adabi na 18th karni fãra daga canji na Bitrus I, sannu a hankali ya maye gurbin matsayin haskaka classicism zuwa da labarun almara. Shahararren wakilan wannan lokaci sun mawallafa irin su Antakiya Cantemir Trediakovskii da Sumarokov. Suka halitta mai m asa a Rasha ƙasa ga ci gaban wallafe-wallafen iyawa. Undeniable amfanoni da Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin, Radishchev da Karamzin. Mu sha'awan har yanzu suna da talanti da kuma dan kasa.

Turanci adabi na 18th karni halin da samuwar dama daban-daban kwatance. Birtaniya ta farko da aka yi amfani da irin wannan nau'o'i kamar a zamantakewa da iyali labarai, abin da ya bayyana a Richardson ta iyawa, Smollett, Stevenson, kuma, ba shakka, Swift, Defoe da kuma Kodayake. A marubuta na Ingila suna daga cikin na farko a zarga ba bourgeois domin da bourgeois kansu, su da halin kirki da kuma da'a dabi'u. Duk da haka, Dzhonatan Svift sauya ra'ayi suka mara a irony da sosai bourgeois tsarin, da nuna a cikin ayyukansu mafi korau gefen shi. Turanci adabi na 18th karni da aka gabatar a matsayin sabon abu kira sentimentalism. Yana mai cike da mummunan zato da kuma rashin bangaskiya a cikin akida da kuma da nufin ne kawai a ji ayan son abun ciki.