Duniya Tarihi: Turkiya a yakin duniya na II

Turkey a yakin duniya na II ya dauki wani tsaka tsaki matsayi, kuma ba a hukumance goyon wani daga cikin abokan adawar. Kawai a shekarar 1945, kasar ayyana yaki kan Jamus da Japan. Turkish sojoji ba su dauki bangare a cikin tashin. A wannan labarin, za mu tattauna da ciki halin da ake ciki a kasar, da kuma huldar diplomasiyya tare da sauran Amurka a 1941 - 1945 biennium. da kuma kokarin sanin ko rawar da Turkey a yakin duniya na II.

Halin da ake ciki a kasar kafin yaki

Kafin duniya na biyu Turkey ãyõyi niyya Faransa da Ingila da cewa sun fito tun 1930s, sun zama wani kwari Trend. An aiki goyon bayan wannan layi shi ne ministan harkokin wajen kasar Saracoglu, wanda ya dauki matsayi a cikin shekara ta 1938. Da zarar a watan Afrilu 1939, an shagaltar da Italiya, Albania, Turkey, da United Kingdom ya bayar da tabbacin tsaro da kuma 'yancin kai. A watan Oktoba 1939 a Ankara aka sanya hannu da Birtaniya-Faransa-Turkish yi wa juna taimako. A daidai wannan lokaci, kasar da aka ƙoƙarin tsare huldar diplomasiyya tare da kasar Jamus. Saboda haka, Yuni 18, 1941 maras ta'adi yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu tsakanin iko. A general, Turkey, a yakin duniya na II rawar daji tsakanin biyu tubalan domin ya kula neutrality.

Turkey a can farko na yaki

Ko kafin Jamus zama na sojojin Faransa a can sun kasance canje-canje a cikin Turkey ta siyasa. An cikakken koma tsaka tsaki matsayi, alhali kuwa ba da musun da kyautatawa hali zuwa Birtaniya. Duk da haka, da shan kashi na Faransa da kuma kara karfin soja da siyasa nasarorin da Jamus ya jagoranci gwamnatin kasar ya yi shawarwari tare da Hitler ta jagoranci. Su wuni a sayi 18 Yuni 1941 a kan abokantaka da wadanda ba ta'adi alkwari. Ya kamata a lura cewa kafin Jamus nasarar mamaye da Balkan kasashen , da kuma shi ne sosai a kusa da Turkiyya kan iyaka. A lokaci guda, a Ankara jita-jita, a yiwu soja barazana daga Tarayyar Soviet.

Saboda haka, a cikin 1940, Turkey ta sa hannu a yakin duniya na II ya a cikin shakka. Gwamnati na ci gaba da manufofin da maneuvering, ta shiga kwangila tare da yaƙe jam'iyyun. Turkish matsayin zama mafi tabbataccen bayan shigarwa na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin yaki.

Turkey a 1941

Yuni 22, 1941 Jamus ya kawo saukar da Tarayyar Soviet mai iko duka. Babbar jihar aka embroiled a wani soja rikici a duniya. Bayan fashewa da Jamus-Soviet yaki Turkey shige Yuni 25, 1941 Soviet gwamnatin rubutu, wanda ya tabbatar da neutrality. Ankara ya ci gaba da bi don su alkawura. Amma a cikin wadannan shekaru, musamman ma bayan da Tarayyar Soviet danniya na musulmi na Crimea da Caucasus, da anti-Soviet jin zuciya ya karu a Turkiyya.

Turkey a 1942 - 1945 gg.: The ciki halin da ake ciki

Duk da cewa Turkey a yakin duniya na II aka ba da hannu, da tashin hankali ƙwarai shafi tattalin arziki da halin da ake ciki a kasar. Kullum ya karu size daga cikin sojojin da (a 1942 shi zambar miliyan 1 da sojoji da jami'an). Soja bayar wa a shekarar 1945 "ci" game da rabi na kasar kasafin kudin. Turkey a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu ya a karkatar da tattalin arziki, da aikin gona da al'adu. Wannan shi ne saboda taro janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da kuma bullo da katunan ga burodi a Ankara da Istanbul. A birnin rasa hannãyensu, da farashin da ya fi zama dole kayayyakin girma. A shekarar 1942 ya aka gabatar dukiya haraji da aka tattara daga dukiya masu da kuma samun kudin shiga, 'yan kasuwa. Wannan ya haddasa wani zurfafa daga cikin rikicin kudi, wanda aka hade da zagi na jami'an.

A halin da ake ciki siyasa a kasar

Turkey a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu a kan Yunƙurin na kishin kasa - Turkism. Wannan ya nuna ba kawai a cikin kasashen waje da manufofin da tsare-tsaren na Elite, wanda alaka da Tarayyar Soviet. Wannan aka fili ya nuna a ciki ayyuka na Turkish gwamnati, jawabi ga akidar Pan-Turkism, wani samarwa da Young Turks da sabunta wariyar launin fata ra'ayi ɓullo da Atsyz Nehalem River.

Daga 1940 zuwa 1945 a vilaetah (larduna sanaki kananan kabilu) sarrafa karkashin Martial doka. A wannan batun, akwai sau da yawa lokuta da m kwata na dukiya. A shekarar 1942, gwamnatin kafa Sukru Saracoglu, farkon mai m yaƙin neman zaɓe na m farfaganda Pan-Turkic style.

Tambayar da Turkey ta shigarwa cikin yaki

Tun 1943, da anti-Hitler kawance da aka fara yi kokarin shiga cikin wani rikici a kan ta gefe na Turkey. Musamman wannan ya kasance sha'awar Churchill. Turkiya ta shiga yaki zai ba da damar bude wani biyu gaban a cikin Balkans da kuma kauce wa bayyanar Soviet sojojin a cikin ƙasa. Winter 1943 taro da aka gudanar a Adana. Churchill ya sanya kowane kokarin samu daga shugaban kasar na Turkiyya da ba sa saka hannu. Amma tattaunawar ba nasara ga wani daga cikin jam'iyyun. Turkey a yakin duniya na II ya ci gaba da zama tsaka tsaki. Duk da haka, da juyayi na gwamnatin kasance a kan gefen Jamus.

A watan Oktoba 1943, wakilan da Allied al'ummai taru a wani taro a birnin Moscow. Sun yanke shawarar yin Turkey ta kin amincewa da saka hannu da ƙarshen shekara. Wannan batun da aka ma tattauna a Alkahira da kuma Teheran taro. Duk da haka, Turkey ayyana ta unwillingness shiga cikin yaki.

Turkey ne a karshe matakai na yaki

Turkey lokacin yakin duniya na II ya jagoranci wani dual manufofin wajen iko-kishiyoyinsu. A 1944, da kawayenta tsaya samar da makamai zuwa kasar. A wannan batun, da Turkish gwamnati da aka tilasta watsi da fitarwa na Chrome zuwa Jamus. Duk da haka, a watan Yuni 1944, da dama Jamus soja jiragen ruwa shigar da tekun Black Sea. Wannan ya kai ga wani ƙarin tsanani daga cikin halin da ake ciki, da kuma kawayenta nema daga Turkey kashe karya dangantakar da Jamus. Agusta 2 duk yarjejeniyoyi kan tattalin arziki da hadin gwiwa tsakanin kasashen biyu da aka soke.

A watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1945, da Yalta taron ta fara aiki. A lokacin tattaunawar, da kawayenta yanke shawarar ya dauki bangare a cikin samuwar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zai iya kawai wadannan kasashe da suke a rikici a gefe na majiɓinta. A wannan connection, Fabrairu 23, 1945, Turkey ayyana yaki kan Jamus. Duk da cewa ta sojojin da aka ba da hannu a cikin yãƙi, kasar samu wani gayyatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya.

Tattaunawa da Straits

Bayan da yaki, a cikin Potsdam taron fara tattauna batun na Black Sea straits. A yarjejeniyar da aka sa hannu a lokacin tattaunawa. Straits sun zama karkashin iko da Turkey da kuma Tarayyar Soviet, kamar yadda mafi sha'awar iko. Bugu da kari, su ne, don su tsaro da kuma wanzar da zaman lafiya a tekun Black Sea yankin, ba zai iya hana yin amfani da wadannan hanyoyi da sauran jihohin da maƙiya nufi.

The duniya matsayi na Turkey a cikin post-yaki shekaru

Bayan da yaki a cikin Turkey ta siyasa fayyace pro-Western fuskantarwa. Saboda haka, so don nuna biyayya ga Amurka, gwamnatin A. Menderes a watan Yuli 1950 a Korea kõma mai birged. Turkey shi ne kawai kasar a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, ya halarci yaki a kan yankin Koriya.

A watan Oktoba 1951, kasar shiga NATO, kuma ya sanya hannu yarjejeniya da Pakistan da kuma Iraqi. Bagadaza yarjejeniya (UK, Turkey, Iraži, Iran, Pakistan) - karkashin angarorin na Ingila da Amurka da sabon soja naúrar da aka kafa a watan Nuwamba na shekarar 1955. A shekarar 1959 an canza kama zuwa cikin Jamhuriyar yarjejeniyar Organization, hedkwatar wanda aka located in Ankara.

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Saboda haka, ba shi yiwuwa a ce domin tabbatar, Turkey ya halarci yakin duniya na biyu ko ba. Hukumance, kasar zauna tsaka tsaki matsayi. Amma gwamnatin ne kullum karkata yin hadin gwiwa tare da daya ko wasu belligerents. Turkey watsi neutrality kawai a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1945, amma ta sojojin ba su dauki bangare a cikin tashin.