Tsarin tsarin kifaye

Sistem sakulasan ne sistem na fitar kasusuwan jikinsu kifi na kowane irin, kazalika da cartilaginous kifi, yana da guda tsarin. A cikin jiki, su gabatar da daya kawai wurare dabam dabam. Ainihin dai, sassan sashin layi na kifaye yana wakiltar jerin sassan jigilar jinsin: zuciya, abar na ciki, arteries a kan gills, dorsal aorta, arteries, capillaries da veins.

Zuciya kifi yana da kawai biyu da bẽnãye, kuma aka saba, kamar yadda a wasu abubuwa, su bauta kamar yadda ya raba tsakanin jini ya kwarara, oxygen-wadãtar da jini ba oxygenated. Tsarin zuciya yana wakiltar ɗakuna huɗu, ɗayan ɗayan. Duk wadannan ɗakunan suna cike da jinin jini na jini, kuma dukkanin zukatansu suna da sunansa - sinus, da magunguna, atrium da ventricle. Zamanin zuciya yana rabu da juna ta hanyar bawul, wanda sakamakon haka jini zai iya motsawa kawai a daya hanya, lokacin da yayi kwangila da tsokoki na zuciya - a cikin shugabanci daga mummunan sinus zuwa ga mazugi. An shirya tsarin ƙaddamarwar kifaye ta hanyar yadda jini ya gudana ne kawai a cikin wannan hanya kuma ba wata hanya ba.

Ra'ayin tashoshi don rarraba abubuwan gina jiki da oxygen tare da jikin kifin keyi ne ta hanyar arteries da veins. Arteries suna yin aikin daukar nauyin jini daga zuciya, da kuma jinji zuwa zuciya. Rikicin ya ƙunshi jini oxygenated (oxygenated), kuma a cikin veins - kasa da oxygen-arzikin arziki (deoxygenated).

Ruwan jini yana shiga wani sinus na musamman, bayan haka an kawo shi zuwa atrium, ventricle da abdominal aorta. Aorta na ciki an haɗa shi zuwa gills ta hanyar nau'i-nau'i hudu na jijiyoyin jini. Wadannan arteries sun rushe a cikin wasu adadin surar da ke cikin gurasar gurasar. Yana cikin gilashi na gilashi cewa tsarin musayar gas ya faru, bayan haka waɗannan capillaries sun shiga cikin tarin gel. Arteries arter sune wani ɓangare na aorta dorsal.

Kusa kusa da kai, rassan dajin dajin ke shiga cikin carotid arteries. Tsarin siginar ƙwayar kifaye yana nuna rabuwa kowane maganin carotid cikin tashoshi biyu - ciki da waje. A ciki carotid jijiya ne alhakin jinin samar da kwakwalwa, yayin da matsanancin hidima a matsayin jinin samar da visceral ɓangare na ragargaje.

Kusa da baya na jikin kifaye, tushen asalinsu ya haɗu a cikin wani aorta dorsal. Bayanin da ba shi da tushe wanda aka ba da izinin shige da shi, sannan kuma tsarin sashin jiki na kifi a cikin wannan sashi ya ba da jini ga raguwa ta jiki kuma yana da muhimmanci gabobin ciki. Aorta dorsal ya ƙare tare da maganin katakon. Duk sassan arteries a cikin ƙananan capillaries, wanda tsarin canza yanayin abun jini ya faru. A cikin capillaries, jini ya zama venous.

Tsarkakewa daga cikin jinin da ta kara halin yanzu yana da za'ayi kamar haka. A cikin sashi, jini yana maida hankali ne a cikin kwakwalwan na baya, kuma a cikin ƙananan ɓangaren ya tattara a cikin ɓauren jugular. Komawa daga kai zuwa ga wutsiyar wutsiya, a cikin baya an raba zuwa kashi biyu - hagu da dama na ƙwayar kofi na ƙira. Na gaba, hagu na gefen hagu ƙananan rassan, suna samar da tsarin tsarin capillaries da suke samar da tsarin ƙirar da ke gefen hagu. A yawancin jinsin kashi, ana tsara kifin ƙaddarwar kifaye ta hanyar da za'a rage yawan ƙwayar koda mai kyau.

Daga kodan, ƙaddarwar kifaye ta janye jinin cikin rami na kwakwalwa na baya. Bayanin baya, na baya, da kuma gabobin jiki a kowane bangare na jiki sun haɗa zuwa cikin abin da ake kira Cuvierian ducts. Kwanyar Cuvierian a kowane gefe an haɗa shi da sinus. A sakamakon haka, jinin da aka canza ta yanzu daga gabobin ciki ya shiga cikin tashar hanta na hanta. A cikin yankin hanta, ƙofar tashar tashoshi ta cikin rassan da dama. Bayan haka, capillaries sukan sake komawa kuma suna samar da kwayar cuta, wanda an haɗa shi da sinus venous.